Download or read book Rubber Plantations Expand in Mountainous Southeast Asia written by Jefferson Fox and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For centuries, farmers in the mountainous region of mainland Southeast Asia have practiced shifting cultivation, with plots of land cultivated temporarily and then allowed to revert to secondary forest for a fallow period. Today, more than one million hectares have been converted to rubber plantation. By 2050, the area under rubber trees in the montane regions of Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, and China's Yunnan Province is predicted to increase fourfold. Preliminary research suggests this massive land-use change could lead to drier conditions at the local level plus surface erosion, loss of soil quality, sedimentation and disruption of streams, and risk of landslides. And it appears that when primary or secondary forests are converted to rubber, carbon emissions are likely to increase. Despite environmental concerns, both local farmers and outside entrepreneurs are likely to continue expanding rubber plantations because of high economic returns. Production systems that provide the best balance between economic return and environmental sustainability are needed to improve the long-term outlook for the region.
Download or read book Sustainable Rubber Cultivation in the Mekong Region Surumer written by Gerhard Langenberger and published by . This book was released on 2018-10-24 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research Paper (postgraduate) from the year 2018 in the subject Agrarian Studies, University of Hohenheim (Institute of Agricultural Sciences in the Tropics (Hans-Ruthenberg-Institute) (490), Agronomy in the Tropics and Subtropics (490e)), language: English, abstract: Natural rubber represents a key industrial commodity of modern societies. Often inconspicuous, it is a component of thousands of products making everyday life easier, more comfortable, or safer. The most prominent one is definitely the vehicle tire which consumes about two thirds of the global rubber production of currently more than 12 million tons per year. What makes natural rubber so extraordinary is not a specific property but its combination of properties, which is still unmatched by any type of synthetic rubber. Thus, global development and industrialization led to an increase of over 50% in rubber plantations between the years 2000 and 2015, covering now over 12 million hectares worldwide. Originally a product of the New World, of South America and Amazonia, respectively, the development of a plantation industry in Southeast Asia led to a practically complete shift of the production site. Nowadays, about 97% of the produce is of Old World origin, SE Asia being responsible for 92%. The expansion of rubber plantations went along not only with the replacement of traditional, diverse land-use systems, but also the replacement of large areas of natural forests. In contrast to other tropical planation crops Hevea brasiliensis is mainly cultivated by smallholders. While natural rubber has enhanced the livelihoods in many rural areas, not all farmers have profited to the same degree. Thus, farmers are exposed to the inherent price volatility, and the monoculture-production as well as the expansion of rubber into marginal areas has major impacts on environmental services, such as plant and animal biodiversity, carbon sequestration, greenhouse gas retention, soil sustainability, as well as water quant
Download or read book Western Rubber Planting Enterprise in Southeast Asia 1876 1921 written by Phin Keong Voon and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Challenging Southeast Asian Development written by Jonathan Rigg and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-07-30 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the course of the last half century, the growth economies of Southeast Asia – Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam – have transformed themselves into middle income countries. This book looks at how the very success of these economies has bred new challenges, novel problems, and fresh tensions, including the fact that particular individuals, sectors and regions have been marginalised by these processes. Contributing to discussions of policy implications, the book melds endogenous and exogenous approaches to thinking about development paths, re-frames Asia’s model(s) of growth and draws out the social, environmental, political and economic side-effects that have arisen from growth. An interesting analysis of the problems that come alongside development’s achievements, this book is an important contribution to Southeast Asian Studies, Development Studies and Environmental Studies.
Download or read book Agriculture and Development written by Gudrun Kochendörfer-Lucius and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2008-01-01 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book highlights proceedings from the Berlin 2008: Agriculture and Development conference held in preparation for the World Development Report 2008.
Download or read book Assessment of governance mechanism livelihood outcomes and incentive Instruments for green Rubber in the Lao PDR written by Miles Kenney-Lazar and published by CIFOR. This book was released on 2016-07-29 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past decade, rubber cultivation has expanded throughout the Mekong region, from established centers of production in Thailand, China and Vietnam to new sites in Laos, Myanmar and Cambodia. Rubber has brought opportunities for increased incomes and livelihood improvement as well as social and environmental risks. The 2012 drop in rubber prices has sent the sector into disarray, halting the expansion of rubber and constraining the ability of farmers and companies to profit. This study examines how rubber production in the Lao PDR is governed, especially the soci-ecological dynamics of varying forms of production: smallholding, contract farming and large-scale estate plantations. Based upon an analysis of secondary literature and interviews with key stakeholders, it was found that rubber production in the Lao PDR is for the most part not green, meaning that it has not reduced poverty and protected ecosystem services and forested areas. The price crash has prevented most smallholding farmers from increasing their income. Wages on large-scale plantations have been low and only a limited amount of work for Lao people is available. Large-scale estates have been developed on land expropriated from communities and have replaced forested areas that provide important ecosystem services to local communities. The paper argues that if rubber is to be truly green, then significant changes to production and trade must be made, including minimum price supports from the state, appropriate land use planning measures, the establishment of cooperatives, the protection of community land rights, and the implementation of agroforestry rubber production models.
Download or read book Plant Conservation and Biodiversity written by David L. Hawksworth and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-09-18 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Original studies address key aspects of the conservation and biodiversity of plants. Articles are all peer-reviewed primary research papers, contributed by leading biodiversity researchers from around the world. Collectively, these articles provide a snapshot of the major issues and activities in global plant conservation. Many of the articles can serve as excellent case studies for courses in ecology, restoration, biodiversity, and conservation.
Download or read book Sustainable Land Use and Rural Development in Southeast Asia Innovations and Policies for Mountainous Areas written by Holger L. Fröhlich and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-03 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is based on the findings of a long-term (2000-2014) interdisciplinary research project of the University of Hohenheim in collaboration with several universities in Thailand and Vietnam. Titled Sustainable Land Use and Rural Development in Mountainous Areas in Southeast Asia, or the Uplands Program, the project aims to contribute through agricultural research to the conservation of natural resources and the improvement of living conditions of the rural population in the mountainous regions of Southeast Asia. Having three objectives the book first aims to give an interdisciplinary account of the drivers, consequences and challenges of ongoing changes in mountainous areas of Southeast Asia. Second, the book describes how innovation processes can contribute to addressing these challenges and third, how knowledge creation to support change in policies and institutions can assist in sustainably develop mountain areas and people’s livelihoods.
Download or read book Agroforestry The Future of Global Land Use written by P.K. Ramachandran Nair and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-08-22 with total page 549 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains a solid body of the current state of knowledge on the various themes and activities in agroforestry worldwide. It is organized into three sections: the Introduction section consists of the summaries of six keynote speeches at the 2nd World Congress of Agroforestry held in Nairobi, Kenya, in 2009; that is followed by two sections of peer-reviewed thematic chapters grouped as “Global Perspectives” (seven chapters) and “Regional Perspectives” (eleven chapters), authored by professional leaders in their respective agroforestry-related fields worldwide. A total of 130 professionals from institutions in 33 countries in both developing and the industrialized temperate regions of the world contributed to the book as chapter authors and/or reviewers. Thus, the book presents a comprehensive and authoritative account of the global picture of agroforestry today.
Download or read book Shifting Cultivation Policies written by Malcolm Cairns and published by CABI. This book was released on 2017-11-13 with total page 1117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Shifting cultivation supports around 200 million people in the Asia-Pacific region alone. It is often regarded as a primitive and inefficient form of agriculture that destroys forests, causes soil erosion and robs lowland areas of water. These misconceptions and their policy implications need to be challenged. Swidden farming could support carbon sequestration and conservation of land, biodiversity and cultural heritage. This comprehensive analysis of past and present policy highlights successes and failures and emphasizes the importance of getting it right for the future. This book is enhanced with supplementary resources. The addendum chapters can be found at: www.cabi.org/openresources/91797
Download or read book De centring Land Grabbing written by Peter Vandergeest and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-10-23 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Southeast Asia has been portrayed as a key site in the global land grab. Featuring leading scholars in the field, this collection critically examines the nature and extent of land grabbing in Southeast Asia, and seeks to locate this phenomena in broader agrarian and environmental transitions (AET). The individual contributions suggest that there is little evidence of a global land grab in Southeast Asia, but that over the last ten years the surge of plantations and processes of land grabbing has been a key feature in the region. The collection considers how broader AET processes may be brought more clearly into focus by decentring land grabbing, including consideration of its absence as well presence. The diversity of cases in this collection coalesces around the productive tension in land grab studies between global capitalist processes on the one hand, and context-specificity and contingent motivations fuelling the expansion of large-scale plantations for oil palm, rubber, cassava and other cash crops, on the other hand. The contributors further broaden the entry points to consider cross-sectoral AET processes such as enclosures for mining, conservation and hydropower and explore the contingencies that help to maintain smallholder production. The chapters originally published as a special issue in The Journal of Peasant Studies.
Download or read book Sustainable development of rubber plantations in a context of climate change written by Gitz, V. and published by CIFOR. This book was released on 2020-12-07 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Land use is a central issue for the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and of the Paris Agreement on Climate Change. Plantations of all major tropical commodities are expanding quickly. This creates opportunities for development. It also raises concerns about the impacts of these plantations on the environment, landscapes and livelihoods. Natural rubber is a particularly interesting example to consider in the perspective of sustainable development of a commodity’s producing countries and value chains. This paper is a collaboration between the Forests, Trees and Agroforestry (FTA) research program of the CGIAR (FTA n.d.) and the International Rubber Study Group (IRSG) (IRSG n.d.). FTA works across a range of plantations, value chains and tree crop commodities, from timber, palm oil, cacao, coffee and tea to bamboo, rattan and rubber, among others.
Download or read book Use of Earth Observations for Actionable Decision Making in the Developing World written by Niall Patrick Hanan and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-01-13 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mountain agriculture Opportunities for harnessing Zero Hunger in Asia written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2019-08-07 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mountain food security and nutrition are core issues that can contribute positively to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals but paradoxically are often ignored in Zero Hunger and poverty reduction-related agenda. Under the overall leadership of José Graziano da Silva, the Former Director-General of FAO, sustainable mountain agriculture development is set as a priority in Asia and the Pacific, to effectively address this issue and assist Member Countries in tackling food insecurity and malnutrition in mountain regions. This comprehensive publication is the first of its kind that focuses on the multidimensional status, challenges, opportunities and solutions of sustainable mountain agriculture development for Zero Hunger in Asia. This publication is building on the ‘International Workshop and Regional Expert Consultation on Mountain Agriculture Development and Food Security and Nutrition Governance’, held by FAO RAP and UIR in November 2018 Beijing, in collaboration with partners from national governments, national agriculture institutes, universities, international organizations and international research institutes. The publication provides analysis with evidence on how mountain agriculture could contribute to satisfying all four dimensions of food security, to transform food systems to be nutrition-sensitive, climate-resilient, economically-viable and locally adaptable. From this food system perspective, the priority should be given to focus on specialty mountain product identification (e.g. Future Smart Food), production, processing, marketing and consumption, which would effectively expose the potential of mountain agriculture to contribute to Zero Hunger and poverty reduction. In addition, eight Asian country case studies not only identify context-specific challenges within biophysical-technical, policy, socio-economic and institutional dimensions.
Download or read book The Tropical Oil Crop Revolution written by Derek Byerlee and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book provides a broad synthesis of the major supply and demand drivers of the dramatic expansion of oil crops in the tropics; its economic, social, and environmental impacts; and the future outlook to 2050. It is a comprehensive review of the oil crop sector with a major focus on oil palm and soybeans, the two most dynamic crops in world agriculture in recent decades.
Download or read book Southeast Asian Transformations written by Sandra Kurfürst and published by transcript Verlag. This book was released on 2020-07-31 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Southeast Asia is one of the most dynamic regions in the world. This volume offers a timely approach to Southeast Asian Studies, covering recent transitions in the realms of urbanism, rural development, politics, and media. While most of the contributions deal with the era of post-independence, some tackle the colonial period and the resulting developments. The volume also includes insights from Southern India. As a tribute to the interdisciplinary project of Southeast Asian Studies, this book brings together authors from disciplines as diverse as area studies, sociology, history, geography, and journalism.
Download or read book Sustainable Agriculture and the Environment in the Humid Tropics written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1993-02-01 with total page 721 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rainforests are rapidly being cleared in the humid tropics to keep pace with food demands, economic needs, and population growth. Without proper management, these forests and other natural resources will be seriously depleted within the next 50 years. Sustainable Agriculture and the Environment in the Humid Tropics provides critically needed direction for developing strategies that both mitigate land degradation, deforestation, and biological resource losses and help the economic status of tropical countries through promotion of sustainable agricultural practices. The book includes: A practical discussion of 12 major land use options for boosting food production and enhancing local economies while protecting the natural resource base. Recommendations for developing technologies needed for sustainable agriculture. A strategy for changing policies that discourage conserving and managing natural resources and biodiversity. Detailed reports on agriculture and deforestation in seven tropical countries.
