Download or read book Routes to N heterocycle Functionalized Poly arylene Ether Sulfone s written by Jesse L. Picker and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The synthesis of poly(arylene ether sulfone)s, with a pendant aryl iodide, was achieved via nucleophilic aromatic substitution (NAS) polycondensation of 3-iodo-3’,5’-difluoro-diphenylsulfone. The polymer series was subjected to amino acid promoted, copper catalyzed coupling reactions with various N-heterocycles. The resulting polymers became crosslinked and insoluble in any organic solvents. The iodo monomer was then subjected to an amino acid promoted, copper catalyzed coupling reaction with carbazole. The successful synthesis of 3’-(9-carbazole) 3,5-difluorodiphenylsulfone is reported. A series of PAES containing a carbazole substituent were synthesized and characterized. The polymers were characterized by a combination of NMR spectroscopy, SEC, TGA, DSC, UV-Vis spectroscopy. NMR spectroscopy was used to confirm that the carbazole monomer was successfully polymerized. SEC was used to find polymer molecular weights and dispersity. Several polymers in the series showed high thermal stability, and formed tough flexible films when solution cast from N-methyl pyrrolidinone.
Download or read book Design and Application of Facile Routes to N heterocycle Functionalized Poly arylene Ether s written by Abraham K. Kemboi and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A series of 3,5-difluorinated systems, which are activated towards nucleophilic aromatic substitution (NAS) by the strongly electron withdrawing benzoxazole or benzothiazole groups, located meta to the fluorines were prepared and fully characterized. The monomers also carry various N-heterocyclic species on the non-fluorinated ring. The corresponding poly(arylene ether)s, some of which were copolymers with triphenylphosphine oxide-based monomers, were prepared via standard NAS polycondensation reactions. Incorporation of the monomers containing N-heterocycle units was determined by NMR spectroscopy. Characterization of the thermal properties was done using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning (DSC). Most of the polymers displayed good film forming properties when cast from NMP solutions. The thermal properties of the polymers were very impressive with glass transition temperatures above 200°C and 5 % weight loss temperatures of over 470°C under a nitrogen atmosphere.
Download or read book Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Poly arylene Ether Sulfone s Using ClickChemistry written by Kavitha Neithikunta and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Poly(arylene ether sulfone)s with pendent aryl iodide group was successfully synthesized via Nucleophilic aromatic polycondensation of 1-(3,5-difluorophenyl sulfonyl)-4-iodobenzene using 4,4{u2019}-difluorodiphenylsulfone (DFDPS) and Bisphenol A in the ratio 25:75:100. Iodo monomer was prepared by reacting 3,5-difluorodiphenyl sulfone with N-iodo succinimide (NIS). Using GC/MS and NMR spectroscopy, the quantitative analysis was done to this monomer. Modification was done to iodo copolymer using sodium azide and copper sulfate as catalyst to form azide copolymer. Further modification of the azide copolymer to triazole copolymers via Click Chemistry using different alkynes such as 1-octyne, phenyl acetylene, propargyl alcohol and acetylenedicarboxylic acid. Polymers characterization was done using 1H, 13C NMR, IR spectroscopy and SEC. The highest molecular weight (Mw) was found to be 19,033 Da with a PDI 3.0 for iodo copolymer and the least was found to be 6,888 with a PDI 2.5 for acetylenedicarboxylic acid derivative copolymer. Thermal analysis of polymers was done using TGA and DSC. The Td5% values were ranging from 260{u00BA} to 476{u00BA}. The highest Tg was 191{u00BA} for phenyl derivative copolymer and the least was 174{u00BA} for alkyl derivative copolymer. TGA was not ran on azide copolymer as it may contain explosive copper azide traces. IR spectroscopy was used to confirm the structures of azide copolymer, propargyl alcohol derivative and acetylenedicarboxylic acid derivative copolymers.
Download or read book Facile Synthesis of Functionalized Poly arylene Ether Sulfone s written by Mehmet Tatli and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The synthesis of poly(arylene ether sulfone)s, with a pendant aryl iodide, was achieved via nucleophilic aromatic substitution (NAS) polycondensation of 3-iodo-3',5'-difluoro-diphenylsulfone (2) with Bisphenol-A. Monomer 2 was prepared by the reaction of 3, 5-difluorodiphenylsulfone with N-iodosuccinimide (NIS). Model reactions indicated that the iodo group was stable to NAS conditions. Both GC/MS analysis and NMR spectroscopy indicated quantitative displacement of the two fluorine atoms while the iodo group remained untouched. Furthermore, the modification of the iodo polymer was achieved via Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction with phenyl, naphthyl, and phenylacetyl boronic acids. The thermal properties of the polymers were evaluated via DSC and TGA. The iodo polymer possessed a glass transition temperature, Tg, of 144 °C while the corresponding phenyl derivative displayed a slight decrease in Tg to 131 °C. The much bulkier naphthyl derivative provided a higher Tg of 150 °C. The more polar acetyl derivative showed a much higher Tg of 165 °C. All the polymers exhibited high Td-5% values between 400 °C and 500 °C. Moreover, conversion of the iodo moiety to an azide group was achieved by using sodium azide in a straightforward manner with the structure being confirmed by IR and NMR spectroscopies. In addition, the iodo group was replaced with a phenyl group, at the monomer stage, in order to prove that the system not only could be functionalized via "post" but also "pre" modification processes.
Download or read book Synthesis and Characterization of Hyperbranched Poly arylene Ether Sulfone s Via AB2 and ABB Monomer Routes written by Patrick Himmelberg and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Functionalized Sulfone and Sulfonamide Based Poly arylene Ether s written by Marina Andrejevic and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A series of fluorinated poly(arylene ether)s, PAE, bearing sulfonated pendent sulfonyl groups, was prepared. A range of Ion Exchange Capacity (IEC) values were achieved by varying the ratios of sulfonated and non sulfonated monomers. Incorporation of both of the monomers was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy and characterization of the thermal properties was done using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning (DSC). Polymers with these IEC values were synthesized in order to explore their use as a potential alternatives to the widely studied proton exchange membrane, Nafion, with an IEC of 0.91 meq/g. Using N-phenyl-3,5-difluorobenzene sulfonamide as the starting material a series of N-alkyl derivatives, with chain lengths of 3 to 12 carbon atoms, was prepared and characterized followed by conversion to the corresponding PAE. The polymer structure was confirmed by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Molecular weight data were obtained by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and thermal data were acquired using TGA and DSC. The effect of alkyl chain length on the thermal stability and glass transition temperatures, Tg, values was determined. Increasing the alkyl chain length led to a decrease in the Tg values, which ranged from 111 down to 46 oC.
Download or read book High Performance Polymers written by Johannes Karl Fink and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2014-07-04 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Approaching the material from a chemistry and engineering perspective, High Performance Polymers presents the most reliable and current data available about state-of-the-art polymerization, fabrication, and application methods of high performance industrial polymers. Chapters are arranged according to the chemical constitution of the individual classes, beginning with main chain carbon-carbon polymers and leading to ether-containing, sulfur-containing, and so on. Each chapter follows an easily readable template, provides a brief overview and history of the polymer, and continues on to such sub-topics as monomers; polymerization and fabrication; properties; fabrication methods; special additives; applications; suppliers and commercial grades; safety; and environmental impact and recycling. High Performance Polymers brings a wealth of up-to-date, high performance polymer data to you library, in a format that allows for either a fast fact-check or more detailed study. In this new edition the data has been fully updated to reflect all developments since 2008, particularly in the topics of monomers, synthesis of polymers, special polymer types, and fields of application. Presents the state-of-the-art polymerization, fabrication and application methods of high performance industrial polymers Provides fundamental information for practicing engineers working in industries that develop advanced applications (including electronics, automotive and medical) Discusses environmental impact and recycling of polymers
Download or read book Comprehensive Organic Functional Group Transformations II written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2004-12-16 with total page 9196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive Organic Functional Group Transformations II (COFGT-II) will provide the first point of entry to the literature for all scientists interested in chemical transformations. Presenting the vast subject of organic synthesis in terms of the introduction and interconversion of all known functional groups, COFGT-II provides a unique information source documenting all methods of efficiently performing a particular transformation. Organised by the functional group formed, COFGT-II consists of 144 specialist reviews, written by leading scientists who evaluate and summarise the methods available for each functional group transformation. Also available online via ScienceDirect – featuring extensive browsing, searching, and internal cross-referencing between articles in the work, plus dynamic linking to journal articles and abstract databases, making navigation flexible and easy. For more information, pricing options and availability visit www.info.sciencedirect.com. By systematically treating each functional group in turn the work also identifies what is not known, thus pointing the way to new research areas Follows the systematic layout of the successful 1995 COFGT reference work, based on the arrangement and bonding of hetero-atoms around a central carbon atom The work will save researchers valuable time in their research as each chapter is written by experts who have critically read and reviewed the literature and presented the best methods of forming every known functional group
Download or read book High Performance Polymers and Engineering Plastics written by Vikas Mittal and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-09-09 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes advances in synthesis, processing, and technology of environmentally friendly polymers generated from renewable resources. With contents based on a wide range of functional monomers and contributions from eminent researchers, this volume demonstrates the design, synthesis, properties and applications of plant oil based polymers, presenting an elaborate review of acid mediated polymerization techniques for the generation of green polymers. Chemical engineers are provided with state-of-the-art information that acts to further progress research in this direction.
Download or read book Functional Polymers by Post Polymerization Modification written by Patrick Theato and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-02-12 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In modern polymer science a variety of polymerization methods for the direct synthesis of polymers bearing functional groups are known. However, there is still a large number of functional groups that may either completely prevent polymerization or lead to side reactions. Post-polymerization modification, also known as polymer-analogous modification, is an alternative approach to overcome these limitations. It is based on the polymerization of monomers with functional groups that are inert towards the polymerization conditions but allow a quantitative conversion in a subsequent reaction step yielding a broad range of other functional groups. Thus, diverse libraries of functional polymers with identical average degrees of polymerization but variable side chain functionality may easily be generated. Filling the gap for a book dealing with synthetic strategies and recent developments, this volume provides a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the field of post-polymerization modification. As such, the international team of expert authors covers a wide range of topics, including new synthetic techniques utilizing different reactive groups for post-polymerization modifications with examples ranging from modification of biomimetic and biological polymers to modification of surfaces. With its guidelines this is an indispensable and interdisciplinary reference for scientists working in both academic and industrial polymer research.
Download or read book Solvents Ionic Liquids and Solvent Effects written by Daniel Glossman-Mitnik and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-01-15 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solvents and ionic liquids are ubiquitous within our whole life since ancient times and their effects are actually being studied through basic sciences like Chemistry, Physics and Biology as well as being researched by a large number of scientific disciplines.This book represents an attempt to present examples on the utility of old and new solvents and the effects they exercise on several fields of academic and industrial interest. The first section, Solvents, presents information on bio-solvents and their synthesis, industrial production and applications, about per and trichloroethylene air monitoring in dry cleaners in the city of Sfax (Tunsia) and on the synthesis of polyimides using molten benzoic acid as the solvent. The second section, Ionic Liquids, shows information about the synthesis, physicochemical characterization and exploration of antimicrobial activities of imidazolium ionic liquid-supported Schiff base and its transition metal complexes, the technology of heterogenization of transition metal catalysts towards the synthetic applications in an ionic liquid matrix, the progress in ionic liquids as reaction media, monomers, and additives in high-performance polymers, a pre-screening of ionic liquids as gas hydrate inhibitor via application of COSMO-RS for methane hydrate, the extraction of aromatic compounds from their mixtures with alkanes from ternary to quaternary (or higher) systems and a review on ionic liquids as environmental benign solvent for cellulose chemistry. The final section, Solvent Effects, displays interesting information on solvent effects on dye sensitizers derived from anthocyanidins for applications in photocatalysis, about the solvent effect on a model of SNAr reaction in conventional and non-conventional solvents, and on solvent effects in supramolecular systems.
Download or read book Iptycenes Chemistry written by Chuan-Feng Chen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Iptycenes Chemistry: From Synthesis to Applications provides a comprehensive overview of the development of iptycene chemistry in the past seventy years. This book covers: (1) the basic nomenclature and general properties of iptycenes and their derivatives; (2) the synthesis and functionalization reactions of triptycenes, pentiptycenes, higher iptycenes, heterotriptycenes, and homotriptycenes; (3) the methods for the preparation of iptycene-based polymers with different types; and (4) the applications of iptycenes and their derivatives in molecular machines, materials science, host-guest chemistry, self-assembly, coordination chemistry, physical organic chemistry, medicinal chemistry, and so on. Consequently, such a book is not only helpful to researchers working in iptycene chemistry, but can also facilitate future research in wide areas.
Download or read book High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells written by Qingfeng Li and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-15 with total page 561 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a comprehensive review of high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). PEMFCs are the preferred fuel cells for a variety of applications such as automobiles, cogeneration of heat and power units, emergency power and portable electronics. The first 5 chapters of the book describe rationalization and illustration of approaches to high temperature PEM systems. Chapters 6 - 13 are devoted to fabrication, optimization and characterization of phosphoric acid-doped polybenzimidazole membranes, the very first electrolyte system that has demonstrated the concept of and motivated extensive research activity in the field. The last 11 chapters summarize the state-of-the-art of technological development of high temperature-PEMFCs based on acid doped PBI membranes including catalysts, electrodes, MEAs, bipolar plates, modelling, stacking, diagnostics and applications.
Download or read book Palladium Catalyzed Modification of Nucleosides Nucleotides and Oligonucleotides written by Anant R. Kapdi and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-06-04 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Palladium-Catalyzed Modification of Nucleosides, Nucleotides and Oligonucleotides describes the procedures and protocols related to the modification of nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides via Pd-mediated cross-coupling processes. The book highlights the growing area of nucleic acid modification and how Pd-mediated coupling reactions can assist this development. Users will find key synthetic protocols for these reactions in this latest volume in the Latest Trends in Palladium Chemistry series. As most of the research in the field of antiviral agents has centered on the use of modified nucleosides that have exhibited promising activity, this book provides an up-to-date reference for both professionals in industry and other interested parties. Provides synthetic routes for useful nucleoside molecules, information otherwise found only through time-consuming literature searches Covers metal-mediated and metal-catalyzed cross coupling processes of nucleosides and related compounds Includes Suzuki-Miyaura, Stille and Sonogashira reactions, as well as C-H bond functionalization Highlights the growing area of nucleic acid modification and how Pd-mediated coupling reactions can assist
Download or read book 3D Bioprinting for Reconstructive Surgery written by Daniel J. Thomas and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2017-11-14 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 3D Bioprinting for Reconstructive Surgery: Techniques and Applications examines the combined use of materials, procedures and tools necessary for creating structural tissue constructs for reconstructive purposes. Offering a broad analysis of the field, the first set of chapters review the range of biomaterials which can be used to create 3D-printed tissue constructs. Part Two looks at the techniques needed to prepare biomaterials and biological materials for 3D printing, while the final set of chapters examines application-specific examples of tissues formed from 3D printed biomaterials. 3D printing of biomaterials for tissue engineering applications is becoming increasingly popular due to its ability to offer unique, patient-specific parts—on demand—at a relatively low cost. This book is a valuable resource for biomaterials scientists, biomedical engineers, practitioners and students wishing to broaden their knowledge in the allied field. Discusses new possibilities in tissue engineering with 3D printing Presents a comprehensive coverage of the materials, techniques and tools needed for producing bioprinted tissues Reviews emerging technologies in addition to commercial techniques
Download or read book Click Polymerization written by Anjun Qin and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2018-08-28 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Click Polymerization has been edited by world renowned experts and provides an authoritative guide to this reaction type.
Download or read book Supported Catalysts and Their Applications written by David C Sherrington and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2007-10-31 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The need to improve both the efficiency and environmental acceptability of industrial processes is driving the development of heterogeneous catalysts across the chemical industry, including commodity, specialty and fine chemicals and in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. Drawing on international research, Supported Catalysts and their Applications discusses aspects of the design, synthesis and application of solid supported reagents and catalysts, including supported reagents for multi-step organic synthesis; selectivity in oxidation catalysis; mesoporous molecular sieve catalysts; and the use of Zeolite Beta in organic reactions. In addition, the two discrete areas of heterogeneous catalysis (inorganic oxide materials and polymer-based catalysts) that were developing in parallel are now shown to be converging, which will be of great benefit to the whole field. Providing a snapshot of the state-of-the-art in this fast-moving field, this book will be welcomed by industrialists and researchers, particularly in the agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals industries.
