Download or read book Rotated Garnets in Metamorphic Rocks written by John L. Rosenfeld and published by Geological Society of America. This book was released on 1970 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Petrochronology written by Matthew J. Kohn and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2019-11-05 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Petrochronology is a rapidly emerging branch of Earth science that links time (ages or rates) with specific rock-forming processes and their physical conditions. It is founded in petrology and geochemistry, which define a petrogenetic context or delimit a specific process, to which chronometric data are then linked. This combination informs Earth’s petrogenetic processes better than petrology or geochronology alone. This volume and the accompanying short courses address three broad categories of inquiry. Conceptual approaches chapters include petrologic modeling of multi-component chemical and mineralogic systems, and development of methods that include diffusive alteration of mineral chemistry. Methods chapters address four main analytical techniques, specifically EPMA, LA-ICP-MS, SIMS and TIMS. Mineral-specific chapters explore applications to a wide range of minerals, including zircon (metamorphic, igneous, and detrital/Hadean), baddeleyite, REE minerals (monazite, allanite, xenotime and apatite), titanite, rutile, garnet, and major igneous minerals (olivine, plagioclase and pyroxenes). These applications mainly focus on metamorphic, igneous, or tectonic processes, but additionally elucidate fundamental transdisciplinary progress in addressing mechanisms of crystal growth, the chemical consequences of mineral growth kinetics, and how chemical transport and deformation affect chemically complex mineral composites. Most chapters further recommend areas of future research.
Download or read book A Crystallochemical Study of Garnets in Precambrian Metamorphic Rocks from the Ruby Range Southwestern Montana written by David E. Harker and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Deciphering the P T t Conditions of Garnet bearing Metamorphic Rocks in the Southern Menderes Massif SW Turkey written by Katelyn Rahşan Ataktürk and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Aegean region contains numerous metamorphic core complexes that reflect post-collision extensional tectonics. The largest of these is the Menderes Massif of western Turkey, which covers an area of ̃40,000 km2. The Selimiye Shear Zone bounds its southern border and is a key location for studying the metamorphic history of the massif. Models of the tectonic evolution of the region requires an understanding of the peak pressure-temperature (P-T) conditions recorded by rocks in the massif, and the time (t) at which they achieved those conditions. However, limited P-T-t data exists in the Southern Menderes Massif. Here, P-T-t data was obtained from garnet-bearing rocks collected perpendicular to strike along seven transects spaced about 35 km across the Selimiye Shear Zone. Garnets in nine samples from four transects were analyzed using high-resolution back-scattered electron (BSE) imagery, X-ray element (Fe, Mg, Mn, Ca and Y) maps, and quantitative compositional analyses. Both zircon and monazite grains were dated in rock thin section using Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) to ascertain the timing of events recorded by the rocks. Some garnet X-ray element maps show zoning consistent with multiple stages of growth, diffusion, and retrogression. Distinct zones in each sample are visible on high contrast BSE images and can be related to Y, Fe, and Mn contents. The conventional garnet + biotite geothermometer and garnet + plagioclase + muscovite + biotite geobarometer were used to estimate peak metamorphic P-T conditions. These range from 556±10°C to 671±27°C, and 15.3±0.2 kbar to 22.4±0.5 kbar. The temperatures are similar to previous estimates, but the pressures appear about ̃10 kbar higher the previous estimates. U-Pb zircon ages range from 2022±30 Ma (13.4% disc.) to 254±5 Ma (13.4% disc.). Based on Th/U contents, the oldest ages are likely related to inherited grains from magmatic sources. The youngest zircon age is the first reported Triassic grain from the Southern Menderes Massif and may relate to the closure event of the Paleo-Tethyan Ocean. A younger history is recorded by U-Pb and Th-Pb monazite ages, which range Cretaceous to Miocene. Monazite geochronology is hindered by the contamination of high amounts of common Pb, but U-Pb and Th-Pb age calculations show Miocene to Jurassic ages. The textures of monazite (i.e. drusy, filling cracks of garnet and in reaction with allanite) imply that ages could record crystallization and/or fluid dissolution/reprecipitation mediated events in the Oligocene. Data reported here support the observation that polymetamorphic events are recorded in the Southern Menderes Massif rocks in close proximity to the Selimiye Shear Zone. Two options are possible environments of continental exhumation of rocks along the zone: (1) a polymetamorphic history that records relict high-pressures from previous metamorphic events or (2) a single-stage exhumation of high-pressure rocks.
Download or read book The Encyclopedia of Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology written by Donald Bowes and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1990-02-28 with total page 635 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Featuring over 250 contributions from more than 100 earth scientists from 18 countries, The Encyclopedia of Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology deals with the nature and genesis of igneous rocks that have crystallized from molten magma, and of metamorphic rocks that are the products of re-crystallization associated with increases in temperature and pressure, mainly at considerable depths in the Earth's crust. Entries range from alkaline rocks to zeolite facies - providing information on the mineralogical, chemical and textural characters of rock types, the development of concepts and the present state of knowledge across the spectrum of igneous and metamorphic petrology, together with extensive lists of both commonly used and little used terms and bibliographies.
Download or read book For the Rock Record written by Jill S. Schneiderman Ph.D and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2009-04-06 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: According to the idea of intelligent design, nature's complexity is the result of deliberate planning by a supernatural creative force. To date, most scientific arguments against this form of creationism have been made by evolutionary biologists. In this volume, a team of earth scientists reveals that the flaws of intelligent design are not limited to the biological sciences. Indeed, the geological sciences offer some of the best refutations of intelligent design arguements. For the Rock Record is dedicated to the proposition that the idea of intelligent design should be of serious concern to everyone. Editors Jill S. Schneiderman and Warren D. Allmon have gathered leading figures from the geological community with a wide range of viewpoints that go to the heart of the debate over what is and is not science. The purveyors of intelligent design theories and its kindred philosophies threaten the scientific literacy that our society needs by confusing faith and the practice of science. This collection offers a much-needed response.
Download or read book Petrogenesis of Metamorphic Rocks written by Kurt Bucher and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metamorphic rocks are one of the three classes of rocks. Seen on a global scale they constitute the dominant material of the Earth. The understanding of the petrogenesis and significance of metamorphic of geological education. rocks is, therefore, a fundamental topic There are, of course, many different possible ways to lecture on this theme. This book addresses rock metamorphism from a relatively pragmatic view point. It has been written for the senior undergrad uate or graduate student who needs practical knowledge of how to interpret various groups of minerals found in metamorphic rocks. The book is also of interest for the non-specialist and non-petrolo gist professional who is interested in learning more about the geolo gical messages that metamorphic mineral assemblages are sending, as well as pressure and temperature conditions of formation. The book is organized into two parts. The first part introduces the different types of metamorphism, defines some names, terms and graphs used to describe metamorphic rocks, and discusses principal aspects of metamorphic processes. Part I introduces the causes of metamorphism on various scales in time and space, and some principles of chemical reactions in rocks that accompany metamorphism, but without treating these principles in detail, and presenting the thermodynamic basis for quantitative analysis of reactions and their equilibria in metamorphism. Part I also presents concepts of metamorphic grade or intensity of metamorphism, such as the metamorphic-facies concept.
Download or read book Characterization of Metamorphism through Mineral Equilibria written by John M. Ferry and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2018-12-17 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 10 of Reviews in Mineralogy reviews the use of a powerful probe into metamorphic process: mineral assemblages and the composition of minerals. Put very simply, this volume attempts to answer the question: "What can we learn about metamorphism through the study of minerals in metamorphic rocks?" It is not an encyclopedic summary of metamorphic mineral assemblages; instead it attempts to present basic research strategies and examples of their application. Moreover, in order to limit and unify the subject matter, it concentrates on the chemical aspects of metamorphism and regrettably ignores other important kinds of studies of metamorphic rocks and minerals conducted by structural geologists, structural petrologists, and geophysicists.
Download or read book Progress in Metamorphic and Magmatic Petrology written by L. L. Perchuk and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1991 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A collection of review articles by eminent petrologists, summarizing recent scientific achievements in this field. The papers address the physico-chemical conditions of the origin of crystalline rocks as well as characteristics of their mineral assemblages. The book is divided into three main sections: Section 1 covers general thermodynamics and mineral equilibria; Section 2 covers metamorphic and metasomatic processes; and the final section discusses the mantle and magmatic processes.
Download or read book The Web of Geological Sciences written by Marion E. Bickford and published by Geological Society of America. This book was released on 2017-09-29 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The web of geological sciences, Special papers 500 and 523, written in celebration of the 125th anniversary of the Geological Society of America.
Download or read book A Practical Guide to Rock Microstructure written by Ron H. Vernon and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-12-06 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A clear understanding of the processes responsible for observed rock microstructures is essential for making reliable petrogenetic interpretations, including inferences made from chemical and isotopic analyses of minerals. This volume presents a comprehensive survey of rock microstructures, emphasising basic concepts and the latest methods, while highlighting potential pitfalls in the interpretation of the origin of rock microstructure. Richly illustrated with over 250 colour photographs, including more than 10 percent new photomicrographs and several mesoscopic images, it demonstrates the basic processes responsible for the wide variety of microstructures in igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks. This second edition includes extensive updates to the coverage of igneous rocks as well as recent ideas on physical processes in migmatites and partial melting of sedimentary rocks. This practical guide will continue to be an invaluable resource to advanced students and early-career researchers of mineralogy, petrology and structural geology, as well as professional geologists and material scientists.
Download or read book Garnets written by Amy Hayes and published by Gareth Stevens Publishing LLLP. This book was released on 2015-07-15 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A garnet’s deep red color can easily be mistaken for a ruby by the untrained eye. However, garnets’ color ranges from colorless to black to red and even green! They’ve been precious gems for many thousands of years, commonly found in metamorphic rocks. This volume introduces readers to the creation, structure, and properties of garnets. Dazzling photographs highlight the valuable gem as important geology topics are explained in an age-appropriate, understandable way. Fun fact boxes offer readers surprising bits of knowledge, such as garnets’ use in sandpaper, and a graphic organizer allows readers to process this information in another way.
Download or read book Structural Geology of Rocks and Regions written by George H. Davis and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-12-06 with total page 866 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Relates the physical and geometric elegance of geologic structures within the Earth's crust and the ways in which these structures reflect the nature and origin of crystal deformation through time. The main thrust is on applications in regional tectonics, exploration geology, active tectonics and geohydrology. Techniques, experiments, and calculations are described in detail, with the purpose of offering active participation and discovery through laboratory and field work.
Download or read book Minerals written by John P. Rafferty Associate Editor, Earth Sciences and published by The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. This book was released on 2011-08-15 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discusses minerals and the study of mineral structure, and includes information on the different mineral classifications, their native elements, their physical and chemical characteristics, and where they are located on Earth.
Download or read book Metamorphic Reactions written by A.B. Thompson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fourth volume in this series consists of eleven chapters. The first five deal with more theoretical aspects of the kinetics and mechanisms of meta morphic reactions, and the next six consider the interdependence of defor mation and metamorphism. All papers deal with natural processes that inter act on various time scales and with different degrees of mass and heat transfer. Consequently, many fundamental axioms of metamorphic petrol ogy and structural geology are questioned both for their accuracy and their usefulness. In raising such questions, most contributors have pointed to ways in which the answers could be forthcoming from appropriate experi mental studies or observations on natural materials. In their discussion of how order/disorder can influence mineral assem blages, Carpenter and Putnis emphasize that metastable crystal growth is common in metamorphic systems and state' 'there may be some reluctance (among many earth scientists) to accept that significant departures from equilibrium could occur." On the basis of presented evidence, they question whether reactions ever occur close to an equilibrium boundary. The neces sity for pressure or temperature overstepping is also required by nucleation rate theory. In any case, the degree of order is severely influenced by these kinetic effects in igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic environments.
Download or read book Garnet Growth in Some Metamorphic Rocks from Graubunden East Switzerland written by P. M. G. Nolan and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Metamorphic Textures written by Alan Spry and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metamorphic Textures provides definitions, descriptions and illustrations of metamorphic textures, as well as the fundamental processes involved in textural development. This book is composed of 11 chapters and begins with a presentation of the metamorphic processes and the production of metamorphic minerals. The subsequent chapters describe the structural classification of grain boundaries, the metamorphic reactions, mineral transformations, and the crystallization and recrystallization of metamorphic rocks. These topics are followed by the texture examination of thermal metamorphic rocks and minerals and the preferred orientations of these rocks, particularly the dimensional and lattice preferred orientation. Other chapters survey the textures of rocks under dynamic and shock metamorphism. The final chapters describe the textures of regional and polymetamorphism. This book will be of great use to petrologists, physicists, and graduate and undergraduate petrology students.
