Download or read book Roman Battle Tactics 390 110 BC written by Nic Fields and published by Osprey Publishing. This book was released on 2010-02-23 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By 390 BC, the organization of the Roman army was in need of change. Fighting in the Greek-style with a heavy infantry was proving increasingly outdated and inflexible, resulting in the Roman's defeat at the hands of the Gauls at the battle of Allia. Following on from this catastrophe and in the next fifty years of warfare against Gallic and Italian tribes, a military revolution was born: the legion. This was a new unit of organization made up of three flexible lines of maniples consisting of troops of both heavy and light infantry. However, at the end of the 3rd century BC, Rome's prestige was shattered once more by the genius of Hannibal of Carthage, causing Roman battle tactics to be revised again. The legendary general Scipio Africanus achieved this, finally destroying the Carthaginian army at the climactic victory of Zama. A wholly new kind of soldier had been invented, and the whole Mediterranean world was now at Rome's feet. This book reveals these two defining moments in Roman military history and the revolution in battle tactics that was the result, examining how the Roman army eventually became all-conquering and all-powerful.

Download or read book Roman Battle Tactics 109BC AD313 written by Ross Cowan and published by Osprey Publishing. This book was released on 2007-07-24 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book clearly explains and illustrates the mechanics of how Roman commanders - at every level - drew up and committed their different types of troops for open-field battles. It includes the alternative formations used to handle different tactical problems and different types of terrain; the possibilities of ordering and controlling different deployments once battle was joined; and how all this was based on the particular strengths of the Roman soldier. Covering the period of "classic" legionary warfare from the late Republic to the late Western Empire, Ross Cowan uses case studies of particular battles to provide a manual on how and why the Romans almost always won, against enemies with basic equality in weapon types - giving practical reasons why the Roman Army was the Western World's outstanding military machine for 400 years.

Download or read book Early Roman Warrior 753 321 BC written by Nic Fields and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2011-07-20 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The prototypical 'Roman Legionnaire' often seen on television and in movies is actually the product of nearly a millennium of military development. Far back in the Bronze Age, before the city of Rome existed, a loose collection of independent hamlets eventually formed into a village. From this base, the earliest Roman warriors launched cattle raids and ambushes against their enemies. At some point during this time, the Romans began a period of expansion, conquering land and absorbing peoples. Soon, they had adopted classical Greek fighting methods with militia forming in phalanxes. This book covers the evolution of the earliest Roman warriors and their development into an army that would eventually conquer the known world.

Download or read book Roman Warfare written by Adrian Goldsworthy and published by Basic Books. This book was released on 2019-05-07 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From an award-winning historian of ancient Rome, a concise and comprehensive history of the fighting forces that created the Roman Empire Roman warfare was relentless in its pursuit of victory. A ruthless approach to combat played a major part in Rome's history, creating an empire that eventually included much of Europe, the Near East and North Africa. What distinguished the Roman army from its opponents was the uncompromising and total destruction of its enemies. Yet this ferocity was combined with a genius for absorbing conquered peoples, creating one of the most enduring empires ever known. In Roman Warfare, celebrated historian Adrian Goldsworthy traces the history of Roman warfare from 753 BC, the traditional date of the founding of Rome by Romulus, to the eventual decline and fall of Roman Empire and attempts to recover Rome and Italy from the "barbarians" in the sixth century AD. It is the indispensable history of the most professional fighting force in ancient history, an army that created an Empire and changed the world.

Download or read book Caesar s Army written by Harry Pratt Judson and published by . This book was released on 2011-06 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Caesar's Army in peace and war Students of military history have long been fascinated by the history, armies and great commanders of ancient Rome; for within its organisation, strategy, tactics, weapons, campaigns and wars are to be found the origins of each of the military disciplines, demonstrated by often sophisticated methods and practices, developed millennia in the past and yet still able to provide valuable lessons to strategists and tacticians in the modern world. Rome had a long history and in keeping with all empires marched a Hard road to its zenith before commencing an equally long decline. We often look towards the period of Gaius Julius Caesar and his legions to appreciate the Roman military machine in some of its finest hours. This book is an invaluable guide for those interested in the Roman Army during Caesars time. It details army organisation, weapons and equipment. It examines the Legions and the cavalry in detail both on and off the field of battle. Tactics, fortifications and siege engines are fully described, as are methods of fighting afloat. Finally, the enemies of the Roman Empire, from the Gauls to the ancient Britons, are considered and their battle tactics and fortifications examined. In this Leonaur edition the illustrations from the original edition have been enlarged to assist the reader and maps of notable campaigns, battles, sieges and marches are also included. Leonaur editions are newly typeset and are not facsimiles; each title is available in softcover and hardback with dustjacket.

Download or read book Rome s Third Samnite War 298 290 BC written by Mike Roberts and published by Pen and Sword Military. This book was released on 2020-03-30 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A compelling account of alliances, animosities, and ancient warfare in central Italy. The Third Samnite War was a crucial episode in the early history of Rome. Upon its outcome rested mastery of central Italy, and the independent survival of both Rome and the Samnites. Determined to resist aggressive Roman expansion, the Samnites forged a powerful alliance with the Senones (a tribe of Italian Gauls), Etruscans, and Umbrians. The result was eight years of hard campaigning, brutal sieges, and bitter battles that stretched Rome to the limit. The desperate nature of the struggle is illustrated by the ritual self-sacrifice (devotio) by the Roman consul Publius Decimus Mus at the Battle of Sentinum (295 BC), which restored the resolve of the wavering Roman troops, and by the Samnite Linen Legion at the Battle of Aquilonia (393 BC), each man of which was bound by a sacred oath to conquer or die on the battlefield. Mike Roberts, who has travelled the Italian landscape upon which these events played out, mines the sources—which are more reliable, he argues, than for Rome’s previous wars—to produce a compelling narrative of this momentous conflict.

Download or read book Pike and Shot Tactics 1590 1660 written by Keith Roberts and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2012-05-20 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Throughout the 17th century large parts of Europe were depopulated during the wide-ranging and savage wars of religion and dynasty, involving all of the major powers. This was therefore a key period in the development of 'modern' infantry tactics, such as the use of pole-arms and muskets together hence the popular expression 'pike and shot'. These infantry tactics involved different national schools on thought and practice, and were tested bloodily in great battles. This title covers the Dutch-Spanish wars of independence, The Thirty Years' War and the English Civil Wars.

Download or read book Clash of Eagles written by Alan Smale and published by Del Rey. This book was released on 2015-03-17 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Perfect for fans of action-adventure and historical fiction—including novels by such authors as Bernard Cornwell, Steve Berry, Naomi Novik, and Harry Turtledove—this stunning work of alternate history imagines a world in which the Roman Empire has not fallen and the North American continent has just been discovered. In the year 1218 AD, transported by Norse longboats, a Roman legion crosses the great ocean, enters an endless wilderness, and faces a cataclysmic clash of worlds, cultures, and warriors. Ever hungry for land and gold, the Emperor has sent Praetor Gaius Marcellinus and the 33rd Roman Legion into the newly discovered lands of North America. Marcellinus and his men expect easy victory over the native inhabitants, but on the shores of a vast river the Legion clashes with a unique civilization armed with weapons and strategies no Roman has ever imagined. Forced to watch his vaunted force massacred by a surprisingly tenacious enemy, Marcellinus is spared by his captors and kept alive for his military knowledge. As he recovers and learns more about these proud people, he can’t help but be drawn into their society, forming an uneasy friendship with the denizens of the city-state of Cahokia. But threats—both Roman and Native—promise to assail his newfound kin, and Marcellinus will struggle to keep the peace while the rest of the continent surges toward certain conflict. Praise for Clash of Eagles “That rarest and best of alternative histories: the one you believe, the one that makes sense. Alan Smale has a storyteller’s flair for character, and presents an ensemble cast with a depth of detail of which George R. R. Martin would approve. It works as a novel, as historical speculation, and as cultural extrapolation. But its real value is singular: It’s a ripping good yarn, and one that will keep you reading long past your bedtime.”—Myke Cole, award-winning author of the Shadow Ops series “Just when it seems there is nothing new in [alternate] history comes this debut.”—Library Journal (starred review) “An intriguingly original alternate history.”—Kirkus Reviews “[Smale] breathes life into the New World civilizations and offers up a compelling view of what might have happened had these two continents collided. . . . I found the New World of 1218 AD fascinating.”—Historical Novels Review “Authoritatively researched, compellingly told, and with pleasing echoes of L. Sprague de Camp, Clash of Eagles is a modern masterpiece of what-if speculation.”—Stephen Baxter, Philip K. Dick Award–winning author of The Time Ships “Smale has done remarkable work with the worldbuilding in Clash of Eagles, dropping the sole Roman survivor of a massacre into the complex civilization of the Cahokian Native Americans in the thirteenth century.”—Harry Turtledove, New York Times bestselling author of How Few Remain “My favorite kind of alternate history: epic, bloody, and hugely imaginative.”—John Birmingham, author of Without Warning “Epic in its sweep, exciting in its narrative, and eyeball-kick sharp in its details.”—Nancy Kress, Nebula and Hugo Award–winning author of Beggars in Spain “The first book of Alan Smale’s trilogy introduces the series with a lightning bolt. Bracketed between two breathtaking and meticulously strategized battles is a sensitive evocation of a lost culture, an act of literary archeology like no other I’ve read.”—James Patrick Kelly, Nebula Award–winning author of Burn

Download or read book Roman Plate Armour written by M.C. Bishop and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2022-11-24 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fully illustrated, this book investigates the articulated plate armour worn by Roman legionaries. First named by Renaissance historians studying the reliefs on Trajan's Column, lorica segmentata evaded successful attempts to reconstruct it until a series of important archaeological finds in the 20th century revealed how it worked and the truth of its extended chronology. The earliest finds date from the late 1st century BC, and its discovery at Kalkriese in Germany shows how rapidly it was adopted. At the same time, discoveries in Spain and Britain showed that, despite its apparent fragility, it continued in use into the 4th century AD. The spectacular find of six halves of cuirasses in a chest at Corbridge in 1964 has now been matched by the rare discovery of a complete set of this armour at Kalkriese. The Corbridge find provided the context to interpret and reconstruct earlier finds. There is now years of experience gleaned from reenactors over the practical strengths and weaknesses of this form of armour. At the same time, scientific analysis has provided insights into the technology behind this revolutionary form of armour so characteristic of the Roman Army. Featuring specially commissioned artwork and drawing upon the latest findings, this study lifts the veil on the formidable plate armour used by the legionaries of Imperial Rome.

Download or read book The Army of the Roman Republic written by Michael F. Pavkovic and published by . This book was released on 2006-09 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contents: Introdution. PART I: THE EARLIEST ROMAN ARMY: The military indebtedness of early Rome to the Etruscans, E. McCartney; The legion and the centuriate assembly, G.V. Sumner; The introduction of Hoplite tactics at Rome, M.P. Nilsson. PART II: THE ARMY AND THE GROWTH OF EMPIRE: Literary sources for the pre-Marian Roman army, Elizabeth Rawson; The principes and the so-called Camillan reforms, M.C.J. Miller; Roman military forces in 223 B.C. (Polybius 2.23-4), D.W. Baronowski; The battle of Pydna, N.G.L. Hammond; The Roman general's authority over Booty, Israel Schatzman. PART III: THE ARMY AND THE END OF THE REPUBLIC: Pilum, gladius, and pugio in the late Republic, P. Connolly; Studies on Caesar's use of cavalry, Pierre F. Cagniart; The army and the land in the Roman revolution, Peter A. Brunt; The supposed manpower shortage of the later second century B.C., John Rich; The Jugurthine war: was Marius or Metellus the real victor?, M. Holroyd; Caesar and the mutiny of 47 B.C., Stefan Chrissanthos. PART IV: STRATEGY AND TACTICS: Polybius, Livy, and the 'Fabian strategy,' Paul Erdcamp; Strategy and politics in Caesar's Spanish campaign, 49 B.C.: variation on a theme by Clausewitz, Pierre F. Cagniart; Roman republican heavy infantrymen in battle (IV-II centuries BC), Alexander Zhmodikov; The Roman cohort tactics-problem of development, I. Kertisz; Tactical reform in the Roman republican army, M.J.V. Bell. PART V: EQUIPMENT, TRAINING, AND THE EXPERIENCE OF BATTLE: The five standards of the pre-Marian legion. A note on the early plebeian militaria, Dusanic Slobodan and Zarko Petkovic; Roman republican training equipment: form, function and the mock battle, I.P. Stephenson; The homogenisation of military equipment under the Roman republic, Michael T. Burns; The face of Roman battle, Philip Sabin; The reality of Cannae, M. Samuels; Single combat in the Roman republic, Stephen P. Oakley; Two Caesarian battle-descriptions: a study in contrast, Robert D. Brown; Caesar's battle-descriptions and the defeat of Ariovistus, C. Pelling.

Download or read book Caudine Forks 321 BC written by Nic Fields and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2021-03-18 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In its long history, the Roman Republic suffered many defeats, but none as humiliating as the Caudine Forks in the summer of 321 BC. Rome had been at war with the Samnites – one of early Rome's most formidable foes – since 326 BC in what would turn out to be a long and bitter conflict now known as the Second Samnite War. The rising, rival Italic powers vied for supremacy in central and southern Italy, and their leaders were contemplating the conquest of the entire Italian peninsula. Driven by the ambitions of Titus Veturius Calvinus and Spurius Postumius Albinus, Roman forces were determined to inflict a crippling blow on the Samnites, but their combined armies were instead surprised, surrounded, and forced to surrender by the Samnites led by Gavius Pontius. The Roman soldiers, citizens of Rome to a man, were required to quit the field by passing under the yoke of spears in a humiliating ritual worse than death itself. This new study, using specially commissioned artwork and maps, analyses why the Romans were so comprehensively defeated at the Caudine Forks, and explains why the protracted aftermath of their dismal defeat was so humiliating and how it spurred them on to their eventual triumph over the Samnites. With this in mind, this study will widen its focus to take account of other major events in the Second Samnite War.

Download or read book Military Units and Formations of Ancient Rome written by Source Wikipedia and published by University-Press.org. This book was released on 2013-09 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Pages: 43. Chapters: Roman infantry tactics, Structural history of the Roman military, List of Roman legions, Laeti, Triarii, Hastati, List of Roman army unit types, Principes, Velites, Leves, Accensi, Immunes, Discens. Excerpt: Roman infantry tactics refers to the theoretical and historical deployment, formation and maneuvers of the Roman infantry from the start of the Roman Republic to the fall of the Western Roman Empire. The article first presents a short overview of Roman training. Roman performance against different types of enemies is then analyzed. Finally a summation of what made the Roman tactics and strategy militarily effective through their long history is given below, as is a discussion of how and why this effectiveness eventually disappeared. The focus below is primarily on Roman tactics - the "how" of their approach to battle, and how it stacked up against a variety of opponents over time. It does not attempt detailed coverage of things like army structure or equipment. Various battles are summarized to illustrate Roman methods with links to detailed articles on individual encounters. For in depth background on the historical structure of the infantry relevant to this article, see Structure of the Roman military. For a history of Rome's military campaigns see Campaign history of the Roman military. For detail on equipment, daily life and specific Legions see Roman Legion and Roman military personal equipment. Roman military tactics and strategy evolved from that typical of a small tribal host seeking local hegemony, to massive operations encompassing a world empire. This advance was affected by changing trends in Roman political, social and economic life, and that of the larger Mediterranean world, but it was also undergirded by a distinctive "Roman way" of war. This approach included a tendency towards standardization...

Download or read book The Roman Army at War written by Adrian Keith Goldsworthy and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This detailed examination of the way in which the Roman army operated during a war and how it fought a battle breaks away from existing studies, which mostly concentrate on the army in peacetime, and attempts to understand the army as an institution whose ultimate purpose was to wage war. Adrian Goldsworthy explores the influence of the Roman army's organization on its behaviour during a campaign, emphasizing its great flexibility in comparison to most of its opponents. He considers the factors determining the result of a conflict and proposes, contrary to orthodox opinion, that the Roman army was able to adapt successfully to any type of warfare. Following the technique pioneered by John Keegan in The Face of Battle (1976), Dr Goldsworthy builds up a precise picture of what happened during battle: tactics employed, weaponry, leadership, behaviour of individuals as well as groups of soldiers, and, of utmost importance, morale.

Download or read book The Military Institutions of the Romans written by Flavius Vegetius Renatus and published by . This book was released on 2023-02-02 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Military Institutions of the Romans is a classic treatise about Roman warfare and military principles. Its author emphasizes things such as training of soldiers as a disciplined force, orderly strategy, maintenance of supply lines and logistics, quality leadership and use of tactics and even deceit to ensure an advantage over the opposition.

Download or read book Campaign History of The Roman Military written by Fouad Sabry and published by One Billion Knowledgeable. This book was released on 2024-06-22 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is Campaign History of The Roman Military From its origin as a city-state on the peninsula of Italy in the 8th century BC, to its rise as an empire covering much of Southern Europe, Western Europe, Near East and North Africa to its fall in the 5th century AD, the political history of Ancient Rome was closely entwined with its military history. The core of the campaign history of the Roman military is an aggregate of different accounts of the Roman military's land battles, from its initial defense against and subsequent conquest of the city's hilltop neighbors on the Italian peninsula, to the ultimate struggle of the Western Roman Empire for its existence against invading Huns, Vandals and Germanic tribes. These accounts were written by various authors throughout and after the history of the Empire. Following the First Punic War, naval battles were less significant than land battles to the military history of Rome due to its encompassment of lands of the periphery and its unchallenged dominance of the Mediterranean Sea. How you will benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Campaign history of the Roman military Chapter 2: Mark Antony Chapter 3: Pompey Chapter 4: Punic Wars Chapter 5: Roman Republic Chapter 6: Second Punic War Chapter 7: 70s BC Chapter 8: Dacia Chapter 9: Outline of ancient Rome Chapter 10: List of Roman civil wars and revolts (II) Answering the public top questions about campaign history of the roman military. Who this book is for Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of Campaign History of The Roman Military.

Download or read book Greek and Roman Warfare written by John Drogo Montagu and published by Greenhill Books. This book was released on 2006 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Greek & Roman Warfare: Battles, Tactics and Trickery is a uniquely detailed work which explores the tactics and battle strategies of the Graeco-Roman period. This incisive study goes beyond the arms and armor of classical warfare to reveal the numerous factors, be they geographical, psychological or circumstantial, that informed the course of ancient battles. The technology of an army is of course an integral factor in its success, but conflicts are ultimately won by tactics and strategy. From the cunning ambush, to oxen with torches masquerading as an escaping army at night, Drogo Montagu explores the intricacies of waging war in antiquity. Using his extensive knowledge of ancient history, he has created a gripping account of classical military thought. He draws on the great historians of the time -- Livy, Plutarch, Xenophon and Josephus among them -- to illustrate the different elements that an army required to defeat its enemy on the battlefield, be it by force or guile. In addition, he offers details on how a commander would maintain the morale and fitness of his troops, as well as conduct their training. Greek and Roman Warfare provides an incredibly thorough view of the tactics and strategy of battle in ancient times from all perspectives, making it one of the most complete studies of classical warfare to date. John Drogo Montagu is a historian of considerable standing and the author of the acclaimed compendium Battles of the Greek and Roman Worlds.

Download or read book Strategemata written by Sextus Julius Frontinus and published by DigiCat. This book was released on 2023-11-23 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Strategemata, also known as Stratagems, is a work by the Roman author Frontinus who lived at the beginning of our era. Strategemata is a collection of examples of military stratagems from Greek and Roman history. This work was created as a manual for the use of generals. It is split in four chapters dealing with the preparation of battle, fighting a pitched battle, siege and general statements of war. He gives tips and tricks which allowed generals of the past win the battles. That includes poisoning water, capturing a flag as a discouragement, or rejecting a group of soldiers back to camp unless they bring a victory. Despite, some of the tactics showcase the cruelty, in general, the principles of the ancient battles possess timeless value and can be of great use for everyone interested in the military tactics.