Download or read book Roles of Financial Institutions and Credit Guarantees in Regional Revitalization in Japan written by Nobuyoshi Yamori and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-08-10 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is about the roles that financial institutions are expected to play for revitalizing regional economies in Japan, which face several serious problems such as a rapidly aging population as well as a sharp decline in population. The Japanese government expects regional financial institutions to contribute to that revitalization. Actually, Japanese regional financial institutions have made various efforts to support small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to increase their profitability and sustainability. However, the efforts have not yet produced adequate outcomes. To help clarify the reasons for the failures and to offer policy recommendations, the authors used four questionnaires to conduct surveys. They sent the questionnaires to the headquarters of regional financial institutions for Chapter 1 and to the staffs of regional financial institutions for Chapter 2. The government revised the Credit Guarantee System Reform Act in 2017 to promote financial institutions and credit guarantee corporations in order to proactively support SMEs, so in Chapter 3 the aims of the revised act are explained. Chapter 4 is based on a survey of startups that used the public credit guarantee. Finally, Chapter 5 is based on another, different questionnaire that was sent to SMEs to find out why they failed to improve their risk management and how financial institutions can help them to prepare for disasters. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, these questionnaire studies on regional revitalization have not been carried out elsewhere, making this book unique.
Download or read book Japan written by International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2017-09-18 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Technical Note analyzes and quantifies the effect of aging in Japan—both at the national and regional levels—on the nature of financial intermediation. Mounting demographic headwinds constitute a major challenge for regional financial institutions in Japan. According to prefectural population projections and econometric estimates, the impact from demographic headwinds is likely to intensify significantly over the next two decades. Financial sector policies should aim to address the constraints to financial access by further promoting risk-based lending and asset-based lending. Banks should continue to be encouraged to build capacity for risk assessment to do more risk-based lending.
Download or read book Japan written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2012-09-07 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper is an analysis of Japan’s credit channel. The economic condition has no hindrance, but credit demand showed an inert performance. The state’s policies have helped the flow of finance and prevent bankruptcy, but several other aspects act as an impediment to credit control. The Executive Board expects restructuring of financial policies in government-affiliated institutions, promotion of electronic registrations, risk-based financing, and reinforcing bank administrations. The Board takes up this paper as a study of Japan’s thoughts in an efficient route to credit boom.
Download or read book What Role Can Financial Policies Play in Revitalizing SMEs in Japan written by Mr.Waikei W. Lam and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2012-12-11 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paper discusses the role the financial sector can play in supporting growth in Japan. While overall credit conditions have been accommodative, credit growth has remained weak, especially for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Firm-level SME data and sectoral corporate balance sheets show that many SMEs have faced structural challenges of high leverage and low profitability. Moreover, the global financial crisis has weakened the financial position across SMEs, particularly for those with low credit worthiness. These challenges are closely related to low availability of riskcapital and the pervasiveness of credit support measures. This paper argues that to encourage the supply of risk-based capital, costly government support measures should be phased out and SME restructuring be accelerated. Efforts are also needed to deepen capital markets to enhance risk capital availability and address regulatory barriers to starting businesses. In that regard, addressing SMEweaknesses would improve private investment, enhance firm productivity, and lift growth.
Download or read book Japan Post Bank written by Akira Uno and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-09 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive view on how regional financial institutions should be operated in order to restore Japan’s fiscal health. It points out that, even though the Japan Post Bank has been partially privatized, the old mandatory deposit system still virtually exists between the bank and the government. This makes the bank’s asset portfolio heavily weighted toward Japanese government bonds and creates a bottleneck to restoring fiscal health. The book also demonstrates how this system and the low interest rate policy keep the bank’s return on assets (ROA) low and expose the bank to an interest rate risk and credit risk. While shedding light on the true nature of these problems, this work looks into the best ways regional financial institutions can be operated for the sake of regional economic revitalization. The process would involve integrating the three privatized public financial institutions (i.e., the Japan Post Bank, the Shoko Chukin Bank, and the Development Bank of Japan) and splitting their operations into different businesses and regional companies as well as reorganizing more than 100 regional banks. The author analyzes total assets and ROA of different types of financial institutions (public and private financial services) in Japan to obtain an overall view. Then, using ROA as an assessment indicator, he looks into ways to optimize their portfolios to make the most of individual financial assets, especially deposits, from a welfare economics point of view and formulates a theory for optimization. Financial institutions can optimize their ROA by using individual deposits and savings for total optimization to maximize their return on investment. If the share of total assets by type of financial institution is optimized through mergers or vertical integration between different types of financial institutions, and if ROA is optimized overall as a result, the structure of financial institutions by type in Japan can be optimized.
Download or read book The Japanese Banking Crisis of the 1990 s written by Mr.Akihiro Kanaya and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2000-01-01 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For a large part of the past decade, Japan has witnessed a steady deterioration in the health of its banking system. This paper examines what went wrong and why it has taken so long for the system to recover. While the paper traces the roots of the crisis to accelerated deregulation and deepening of capital markets without an appropriate adjustment in the regulatory framework, it identifies weak corporate governance and regulatory forbearance as the two factors behind what might have been an unnecessary prolongation of the distress of the financial system.
Download or read book Policy based Finance Financial Regulation and Financial Sector Development in Japan written by Dimitri Vittas and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1995 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Financial Crises in Japan and Latin America written by Edgardo C. Demaestri and published by IDB. This book was released on 2003 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Japanese Banking Crisis written by Ryozo Himino and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-01-07 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book provides a readable narrative of the bubbles and the banking crisis Japan experienced during the two decades between the late 1980s and the early 2000s. Japan, which was a leading competitor in the world’s manufacturing sector, tried to transform itself into an economy with domestic demand-led mature growth, but the ensuing bubbles and crisis instead made the country suffer from chronicle deflation and stagnation. The book analyses why the Japanese authorities could not avoid making choices that led to this outcome. The chapters are based on the lectures to regulators from emerging economies delivered at the Global Financial Partnership Center of the Financial Services Agency of Japan.
Download or read book Productivity Drag from Small and Medium Sized Enterprises in Japan written by Mariana Colacelli and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-07-01 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Productivity growth in Japan, as in most advanced economies, has moderated. This paper finds supportive evidence for the important role of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in explaining Japan’s modest productivity growth. Results show a substantial dispersion in firm-level productivity growth across sectors and even across firms within the same sector. SMEs, on average, exhibit lower productivity growth than non-SMEs in Japan, with smaller and older SMEs showing particularly low productivity growth. Estimates suggest that boosting productivity growth in all of the worst-performing SMEs could improve overall productivity growth by up to 1.8 percentage points. The SME credit guarantee system, SME financing constraints, demographic factors, and lack of intangible capital investment are discussed as contributors to the slow productivity growth of Japan’s small and old SMEs.
Download or read book The Federal Reserve System Purposes and Functions written by Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides an in-depth overview of the Federal Reserve System, including information about monetary policy and the economy, the Federal Reserve in the international sphere, supervision and regulation, consumer and community affairs and services offered by Reserve Banks. Contains several appendixes, including a brief explanation of Federal Reserve regulations, a glossary of terms, and a list of additional publications.
Download or read book Innovative Finance for Technological Progress written by Farhad Taghizadeh-Hesary and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-12-28 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Innovative businesses and startups contribute to job creation, economic growth, and technological advancement in most countries. Finance helps nurture innovative firms like startups. Unfortunately, most startups and innovative projects cannot secure finance through the usual and conventional methods. This book goes beyond traditional financing to explore innovative ways to help finance startups and novel businesses. The book covers institutional innovation, innovation in products and processes, and the recent progress in financial innovations in various countries through empirical and case studies. It gives an in-depth look at regulatory, policy frameworks, and risk assessments for financial innovations. It also assesses the role of various innovations, including Fintech, machine learning, big data, scoring models, credit databases, digital platforms, credit guarantees in funding startups, and novel technologies. This book offers valuable insights into how policymakers can nurture a more conducive ecosystem for startups and technologies through innovative finance.
Download or read book Japan written by International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2017-07-31 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper assesses the stability of the financial system in Japan. Although the financial system has remained stable, the low profitability environment is creating new risks, and pressures are likely to persist. The search for yield among banks has led some to expand their overseas activities, and more generally to a growth in real estate lending and foreign securities investments. Efforts to increase risk-based lending to small-and medium-sized enterprises are welcome, but many banks still need to develop commensurate credit assessment capacities. Stress tests suggest that the banking sector remains broadly sound, although market risks are increasing, and there are some vulnerabilities among regional banks.
Download or read book Japan written by International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2024-05-13 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Japan has made progress in improving its crisis readiness since the 2017 FSAP, and the authorities are committed to make further enhancements that are needed. Notably, the authorities have introduced loss absorbing capacity (LAC) requirements, expanded the recovery and resolution planning (RRP) perimeter to some degree, set up the Recovery and Resolution Planning Office (RRP Office), and revised the RRP guidelines for banks and financial market infrastructures (FMIs). They have also continued with annual reviews and updates of existing RRPs, advanced the work in firm-specific crisis management groups (CMGs), contributed to the workings of international standard-setting bodies, and engaged in bilateral workshops with foreign counterparts. These improvements were built on a relatively comprehensive bank resolution regime, but hands-on experience with managing bank failures and financial crises is fading in Japan, while the financial system is evolving and getting more complex, putting a premium on accelerated and expanded crisis readiness efforts.
Download or read book Japan s Lost Decade written by Naoyuki Yoshino and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-09-20 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses Japan’s long-term economic recession and provides remedies for that recession that are useful for other Asian economies. The book addresses why Japan’s economy has stagnated since the bursting of its economic bubble in the 1990s. Its empirical analysis challenges the beliefs of some economists, such as Paul Krugman, that the Japanese economy is caught in a liquidity trap. This book argues that Japan’s economic stagnation stems from a vertical “investment–saving” (IS) curve rather than a liquidity trap. The impact of fiscal policy has declined drastically, and the Japanese economy faces structural problems rather than a temporary downturn. These structural problems have many causes: an aging demographic (a problem that is frequently overlooked), an over-reliance by local governments on transfers from the central government, and Basel capital requirements that have made Japanese banks reluctant to lend money to start-up businesses and small and medium-sized enterprises. This latter issue has discouraged Japanese innovation and technological progress. All these issues are addressed empirically and theoretically, and several remedies for Japan’s long-lasting recession are provided. This volume will be of interest to researchers and policy makers not only in Japan but also the People’s Republic of China, many countries in the eurozone, and the United States, which may face similar challenges in the future.
Download or read book Unlocking SME Finance in Asia written by Naoyuki Yoshino and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-07-01 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is limited access for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to bank credit. This book proposes new and sustainable models to help ease the access of SMEs to finance and boost economic growth and job creation in Asia. This book looks at the difficulties of SMEs in accessing finance and suggests ways on how to mitigate these challenges. It suggests how we can develop credit information infrastructures for SMEs to remedy the asymmetric information problem and to utilize credit rating techniques for the development of a sustainable credit guarantee scheme. The book provides illustrations of various Asian economies that implemented credit guarantee schemes and credit risk databases and is a useful reference for lessons and policy recommendations.
Download or read book Nonperforming Loans in Asia and Europe Causes Impacts and Resolution Strategies written by Asian Development Bank and published by Asian Development Bank. This book was released on 2021-12-01 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High and persistent levels of nonperforming loans (NPLs) have featured prominently in recent financial crises. This book traces NPL trends during and after crises, examines the economic impact of high NPLs, and compares the effectiveness of NPL resolution strategies across economies in Asia and Europe. The book distills important lessons from the experiences of economies using case studies and empirical investigation of ways to resolve NPLs. These findings can be invaluable in charting a course through the financial and economic fallout of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic to recovery and sustained financial stability in Asia, Europe, and beyond.
