Download or read book Role of Selective Attention in Visual Short term Memory a Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study written by 郭柏呈 and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Turning the Mind s Eye Inward The Interplay between Selective Attention and Working Memory written by Elger Abrahamse and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-01-21 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historically, cognitive sciences have considered selective attention and working memory as largely separated cognitive functions. That is, selective attention as a concept is typically reserved for the processes that allow for the prioritization of specific sensory input, while working memory entails more central structures for maintaining (and operating on) temporary mental representations. However, over the last decades various observations have been reported that question such sharp distinction. Most importantly, information stored in working memory has been shown to modulate selective attention processing – and vice versa. At the theoretical level, these observations are paralleled by an increasingly dominant focus on working memory as (involving) the attended part of long-term memory, with some positions considering that working memory is equivalent to selective attention turned to long-term memory representations – or internal selective attention. This questions the existence of working memory as a dedicated cognitive function and raises the need for integrative accounts of working memory and attention. The next step will be to explore the precise implications of attentional accounts of WM for the understanding of specific aspects and characteristics of WM, such as serial order processing, its modality-specificity, its capacity limitations, its relation with executive functions, as well as the nature of attentional mechanisms involved. This research topic in Frontiers in Human Neuroscience aims at bringing together the latest insights and findings about the interplay between working memory and selective attention.
Download or read book The Role of Selective Attention in Short term Memory and Goal directed Behavior written by Maria Elisabeth Vissers and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Selective attention enables the prioritization of goal-relevant aspects of our sensory environment in order to guide our actions, or to store goal-relevant information in short-term memory. Yet, it remains largely unclear how attention prioritizes goal-relevant information. The research presented in this dissertation examined the neurophysiological mechanisms through which selective attention supports visual short-term memory and action selection using electroencephalography, focusing on the role of brain oscillations and modulations of sensory activity. A first question concerned if selective attention predominantly modulates sensory processing during perception, or may also support maintenance of stored representations to optimize behavior. A second question concerned whether attentional modulation of anticipated and unanticipated irrelevant information rely on similar neurophysiological mechanisms. Thirdly, we addressed whether these mechanisms generalize across different sensory dimensions during action selection. Results provided supporting evidence for an important role of selective attention in action selection, and during both short-term memory encoding and maintenance. However, they also revealed that attentional selection is often imperfect, especially when irrelevant information cannot be anticipated. Whereas interregional modulation of alpha oscillations was associated with filtering of anticipated irrelevant information, filtering of unanticipated distraction relied, at least partly, on representation-specific sensory modulations. Furthermore, individuals differed markedly in the degree to which they exhibited attentional modulation of irrelevant information for different sources of interference, demonstrating the importance of an individual differences approach to increase our understanding of the neural mechanisms that enable selective processing of goal-relevant information."--Samenvatting auteur.
Download or read book Imaging Selective Attention in the Human Brain written by Jon Driver and published by Elsevier Science Health Science Division. This book was released on 2001 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presenting an overview of recent advances in the study of human selective attention with neurobiological measures, a review of the field highlighting new data from fMRI, PET, MEG and ERP methods. Selective attention was a central topic at the dawn of cognitive psychology, and it has proved equally central in the development of cognitive neuroscience. The recent advent of functional imaging, using PET, fMRI and more recently event-related fMRI, has transformed the study of selective attention. Other neurobiological measures, such as MEG and ERP recordings, have also played a critical role in human research, as has single-cell recording in related animal work. Together, these various neurobiological measures have shed new light on how selective attention operates. They have demonstrated striking modulations of sensory processing, and provided new information on the control processes that may be responsible for such modulation. Given all this recent progress across a number of different neurobiological approaches the time has come to assess just how far the field has advanced; to identify the emerging consensus; and to outline the outstanding issues for future research.
Download or read book The Cognitive Neuroscience of Working Memory written by Naoyuki Osaka and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is only relatively recently that it has been possible to study the neural processes that might underlie working memory, leading to a proliferation of research in this domain. This volume brings together leading researchers from around the world to summarise current knowledge of this field.
Download or read book Visual Memory written by Timothy F. Brady and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2022-03-29 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Featuring contributions from world-leading researchers, this book explores the relationship between visual perception and memory. It bridges the traditionally separate fields of vision science and recognition memory and deals with an interdisciplinary set of perspectives combining research in psychology, neuroscience, and artificial intelligence. The book makes new connections between the wealth of research from each respective field, developing the idea that visuospatial memory is our best memory system. This volume traverses topics grounded in both empirical study and real-world applications, including working (short-term) memory, long-term memory, the neuroscience of memory, development of memory over the lifespan, autobiographical memories, false memories, and eyewitness testimony. It argues that an increased knowledge of how visuospatial memory works can lead to an improved understanding of the basic features of memory, as well as providing strategies for memory improvement. The book features cutting edge visual memory research, where converging methods in psychophysics, cognitive neuroscience, and computational modeling have been propelling the field forward. Visual Memory is an essential read for all students and researchers of memory and visual perception. It will also be useful for researchers and students in related fields including human-computer interaction, data visualization, cognitive science, and cognitive enhancement.
Download or read book The Functional Role of Spatial Selective Attention in Spatial Working Memory written by Amishi Parag Jha and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Cognitive Neuroscience of Visual Working Memory written by Natasha Sigala and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2017-06-02 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Visual working memory allows us to temporarily maintain and manipulate visual information in order to solve a task. The study of the brain mechanisms underlying this function began more than a half century ago, with Scoville and Milner’s (1957) seminal discoveries with amnesic patients. This timely collection of papers brings together diverse perspectives on the cognitive neuroscience of visual working memory from multiple fields that have traditionally been fairly disjointed: human neuroimaging, electrophysiological, behavioural and animal lesion studies, investigating both the developing and the adult brain.
Download or read book Functional MRI and Behavioral Investigations of Capacity Limits in Human Visual Attention written by Katherine Bettencourt and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Mounting evidence suggests that visual attention may be simultaneously deployed to multiple distinct object locations, but the constraints upon this multi-object attentional system are still debated. Three sets of experiments examined the validity of the fixed slot and flexible resource models of attentional capacity, the role of posterior parietal cortex (PPC) in attentional capacity limitations, and the relationship between capacity limits observed in visual attention and visual short-term memory (VSTM). Results from multiple object tracking (MOT) experiments have been interpreted as revealing a fixed attentional capacity limit of 4 objects; however, other evidence has suggested that capacity may be more fluid. Here, behavioral MOT experiments demonstrate that the demands placed on attentional resources by distractor suppression and the updating of target locations strongly modulate attentional capacity, even above the fixed 4 item limit, revealing that capacity is limited by both central and local processes. Prior studies suggest that activity within the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) of human PPC reflects attentional capacity. Here, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies find activation related to attentional capacity and distractor suppression in PPC. Our observations support the flexible capacity theory and are inconsistent with the fixed slot theory. We propose a 'dual indexing' model which supports target enhancement and active suppression of distractors. This model accurately predicts our observations that IPS activation reflects the number of indexed targets and indexed distractors. Similar capacity limits of approximately 4 objects have also been observed in visual short-term memory (VSTM) tasks. It is unclear whether this reflects shared usage of a single common buffer, shared usage of core processes, or is merely a coincidence. Analysis of within-subject differences in attentional and VSTM capacity revealed that capacity limits are related only when the tasks require the same underlying processes. These results indicate that attentional capacity is governed by the demands placed on shared processing resources by distractor suppression and target selection/encoding. As these processes become more overloaded, more resources must be devoted to them, causing fewer objects to be maintained. Thus, capacity limits emerge from the demands of various underlying processes common in both VSTM and attentional tasks.
Download or read book The Merging of the Senses written by Barry E. Stein and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1993-01-22 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bringing together neural, perceptual, and behavioral studies, The Merging of the Senses provides the first detailed review of how the brain assembles information from different sensory systems in order to produce a coherent view of the external world. Stein and Meredith marshall evidence from a broad array of species to show that interactions among senses are the most ancient scheme of sensory organization, an integrative system reflecting a general plan that supersedes structure and species. Most importantly, they explore what is known about the neural processes by which interactions among the senses take place at the level of the single cell.The authors draw on their own experiments to illustrate how sensory inputs converge (from visual, auditory, and somatosensory modalities, for instance) on individual neurons in different areas of the brain, how these neurons integrate their inputs, the principles by which this integration occurs, and what this may mean for perception and behavior. Neurons in the superior colliculus and cortex are emphasized as models of multiple sensory integrators.
Download or read book Music Health and Wellbeing written by Raymond MacDonald and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2012-02-09 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Music has a universal and timeless potential to influence how we feel, yet, only recently, have researchers begun to explore and understand the positive effects that music can have on our wellbeing.This book brings together research from a number of disciplines to explore the relationship between music, health and wellbeing.
Download or read book Attention and Memory written by Nelson Cowan and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1998-01-15 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Attention and Memory brings together and assesses past and present research on information processing, to formulate a model of this entire system.
Download or read book Interactions Between Visual Working Memory and Attention written by Jutta Mayer and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Selective Attention and Its Roles in Enhancing Sensory Information Processing and Perceptual Performance written by Sirawaj Itthipuripat and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a complex visual environment--such as a crowed street in Bangkok--driving would be impossible if drivers do not have an intact attentional system. They have to monitor cars and trucks surrounding their vehicles, and at the same time they have to also attend to traffic lights and street signs and watch out for pedestrians and motorbikes that could cross the street unexpectedly at any given time. In this type of scenarios, drivers need to divide their attention into multiple spotlights and flexibly change the size of their attention field (zoom-in and zoom-out) such that relevant information is most efficiently encoded at the expense of irrelevant information. The first two experiments in my dissertation examined neural mechanisms underlying these two natures of our attentonal system, and the last experiment officially evaluated the relative contributions of alternative neural mechanisms that may account for attention-related improvement in perceptual performance. In the first experiment (Chapter 2), we provided neural evidence showing that attention could be divided into multiple spotlights across non-contiguous locations in the visual scene, even when visual objects were in close proximity (i.e., in a single quadrant). Using a stimulus-frequency-tagging technique where we flashed two visual targets and a distractor at the intermediate location at different frequencies, we were able to monitor changes of steady state visually evoked potentials (SSVEPs) that oscillated at the same frequencies as the target and distractor stimuli. We found the significant divergence of the target-related and distractor-related SSVEPs ~150-350ms before human participants correctly discriminated the orientations of the two targets. In the second experiment (Chapter 3), we examined the neural basis underlying changes of the spatial scope of attention and studied how such changes may alter the way sensory information is encoded in the visual cortex. By manipulating the spatial extent of visual target in a stream of flickering non-target stimuli, we observed changes in the spread of cortical activity in the contralateral visual cortex measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). As attention became more distributed due to the uncertainty of target locations, we observed a larger spread of cortical activity compared to when attention was more focused to a single target location. Importantly, we found that this spread of the spatial attention modulated the magnitude of attentional modulations of sensory signals measured via SSVEPs in the way that was consistent with predictions from computational models based on divisive normalization. Lastly, in the third experiment (Chapter 4), we made a further step to formally examine the quantitative relationship between attentional gain modulations of neural signals and attention-related improvement in behavioral performance, and evaluated the relative contributions of attentional gain mechanisms and other alternative mechanisms, including noise reduction and efficient read-out mechanisms. We found that in a relatively simple attention task, attentional gain modulations of early visually evoked responses measured via electroencephalography (EEG) could sufficiently predict attention-related improvement in perceptual performance, without the need to invoke the other alternative mechanisms. Taken together, the results from these three experiments suggest that selective attention enhances sensory information processing via changes in gain modulations of early sensory signals and these attentional gain modulations play a critical role in supporting attention-related improvement in perceptual performance.
Download or read book Selective Attention in Vision written by and published by Routledge. This book was released on with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book New Research on Short term Memory written by Noah B. Johansen and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2008 with total page 558 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Short-term memory, sometimes referred to as "primary", "working" or "active" memory, is said to hold a small amount of information for about 20 seconds. Estimates of short-term memory capacity vary -- from about 3 or 4 elements (i.e., words, digits, or letters) to about 9 elements: a commonly cited capacity is 7±2 elements. In contrast, long-term memory indefinitely stores a seemingly unlimited amount of information. Short-term memory can be described as the capacity (or capacities) for holding in mind, in an active, highly available state, a small amount of information. The information held in short-term memory may be: recently processed sensory input; items recently retrieved from long-term memory; or the result of recent mental processing, although that is more generally related to the concept of working memory. This book presents the latest research in the field from around the world.
Download or read book Mechanisms of Sensory Working Memory written by Pierre Jolicoeur and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-06-17 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mechanisms of Sensory Working Memory: Attention and Performance XXV provides an update on research surrounding the memory processes that are crucial for many facets of cognitive processing and experience, with new coverage of emerging areas of study, including a new understanding of working memory for features of stimuli devoid of verbal, phonological, or long-term memory content, such as memory for simple visual features (e.g., texture or color), simple auditory features (e.g., pitch), or simple tactile features (e.g., vibration frequency), now called sensory memory to distinguish from verbal memory. This contemporary focus on sensory memory is just beginning, and this collection of original contributions provides a foundational reference for the study mechanisms of sensory memory. Students, scholars, and researchers studying memory mechanisms and processes in cognitive neuroscience, cognitive science, neuroscience, and psychology will find this book of great value to their work. Introduces the study of sensory mechanisms of working memory as distinct from verbal memory Covers visual memory, auditory memory, and tactile memory Includes translational content as the breakdown of working memory is often associated with a disease, disorder, or trauma to the brain
