Download or read book Role of Minerogenic Particles in Light Scattering in Lakes and a River in Central New York written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The role of minerogenic particles in light scattering in several lakes and a river (total often sites) in central New York, which represent a robust range of scattering conditions, was evaluated based on an individual particle analysis technique of scanning electron microscopy interfaced with automated x-ray microanalysis and image analysis (SAX), in situ bulk measurements of particle scattering and backscattering coefficients (b sub p and b sub bp), and laboratory analyses of common indicators of scattering. SAX provided characterizations of the elemental x-ray composition, number concentration, particle size distribution (PSD), shape, and projected area concentration of minerogenic particles (PAV sub m) of sizes>0.4 m. Mie theory was applied to calculate the minerogenic components of b(sub p) (b sub m) and b(sub bp), (b sub b) with SAX data. Differences in PAV(sub m), associated primarily with clay minerals and CaCO3, were responsible for most of the measured differences in both b(sub p), and b(sub bp) across the study sites. Contributions of the specified minerogenic particle classes to b(sub bp) were found to correspond approximately to their contributions to PAV(sub m). The estimates of b(sub m) represented substantial fractions of b(sub m), whereas those of b(sub bm) were the dominant component of b(sub bp). The representativeness of the estimates of b(sub m) and b(sub bm) was supported by their consistency with the bulk measurements. Greater uncertainty prevails for the b(sub bm) estimates than those for b(sub m), associated primarily with reported deviations in particle shapes from sphericity. The PSDs were well represented by the "B" component of the two-component model or a three parameter generalized gamma distribution.

Download or read book Fundamental and Applied Limnology written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Light Scattering by Particles in Water written by Miroslaw Jonasz and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-08-29 with total page 715 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Light scattering-based methods are used to characterize small particles suspended in water in a wide range of disciplines ranging from oceanography, through medicine, to industry. The scope and accuracy of these methods steadily increases with the progress in light scattering research. This book focuses on the theoretical and experimental foundations of the study and modeling of light scattering by particles in water and critically evaluates the key constraints of light scattering models. It begins with a brief review of the relevant theoretical fundamentals of the interaction of light with condensed matter, followed by an extended discussion of the basic optical properties of pure water and seawater and the physical principles that explain them. The book continues with a discussion of key optical features of the pure water/seawater and the most common components of natural waters. In order to clarify and put in focus some of the basic physical principles and most important features of the experimental data on light scattering by particles in water, the authors employ simple models. The book concludes with extensive critical reviews of the experimental constraints of light scattering models: results of measurements of light scattering and of the key properties of the particles: size distribution, refractive index (composition), structure, and shape. These reviews guide the reader through literature scattered among more than 210 scientific journals and periodicals which represent a wide range of disciplines. A special emphasis is put on the methods of measuring both light scattering and the relevant properties of the particles, because principles of these methods may affect interpretation and applicability of the results. The book includes extensive guides to literature on light scattering data and instrumentation design, as well as on the data for size distributions, refractive indices, and shapes typical of particles in natural waters. It also features a comprehensive index, numerous cross-references, and a reference list with over 1370 entries. An errata sheet for this work can be found at: http://www.tpdsci.com/Ref/Jonasz_M_2007_LightScatE.php *Extensive reference section provides handy compilations of knowledge on the designs of light scattering meters, sources of experimental data, and more *Worked exercises and examples throughout

Download or read book Light Scattering From Micrometric Mineral Dust and Aggregate Particles written by Llorenç Cremonesi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-24 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Light scattering from particles in the nanometric and micrometric size range is relevant in several research fields, such as aerosol science and nanotechnology. In many applications, the description of the optical properties of non-spherical, inhomogeneous particles is still inadequate or requires demanding numerical calculations. Lorenz–Mie scattering and effective medium approximations represent currently the main theoretical tools to model such particles, but their effectiveness has been recently called into question. This work examines how the morphology of a particle affects its scattering parameters from an experimental standpoint, supporting findings with extensive simulations. The dust content of Antarctic, Greenlandic, and Alpine ice cores is analysed with a particle-by-particle approach. Moreover, a study on colloidal aggregates shows that correlations among the fields radiated by primary particles are responsible for the poor agreement of effective medium approximations with experimental results. On the theoretical side, an interpretation in terms of the structure factor is given, which satisfactorily describes the data. The insights of this thesis are relevant for quantifying the contribution of mineral dust to the radiative energy balance of the Earth.

Download or read book Measurement and Interpretation of Light Scattering by Suspended Particulates in an Oligotrophic Lake written by Stephen Wayne Andrews and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The accurate characterization of fine suspended particles is central to a wide range of limnological research areas, including microbial ecosystem function and dynamics, underwater light propagation, nutrient cycling, and drinking water quality. The goal of this work was to develop methods to measure and characterize suspended particles in the oligotrophic Lake Tahoe, California-Nevada, where light scattering by particulates is the dominant process controlling lake clarity. Suspended particle populations were characterized using an in situ laser diffraction particle size analyzer--the LISST 100X. A set of laboratory tests was first performed to assess the accuracy of the LISST over a wide variety of environmental particle shapes and compositions. Processing techniques based on Mie theory were developed which enabled the LISST to produce accurate size distributions on the majority of the samples tested. Analysis of field data showed the LISST to be highly sensitive to ambient sunlight, causing erroneous spikes in small particle concentrations at high light levels. Techniques were developed to post-process the data and remove light contamination based on independently measured or modeled light intensities. These data processing techniques were employed to examine the composition of particulates in Lake Tahoe. Measured ratios of backscatter by particles to total particle scattering were used to estimate the bulk index of refraction, a proxy for particle composition. Sampling was performed during four periods relevant to the seasonal clarity cycle. Scattering ratios on all sampling days were found to be consistent with dominance by particles of predominantly organic composition. Consequently, the late spring minimum in Lake Tahoe clarity was shown to be likely due to phytoplankton growth stimulated by streamborne nutrients. Phytoplankton communities in the summer period of intense lake stratification were found to exhibit photoacclimation, the process by which algal cells adapt to lower light deeper in the water column by increasing their cellular chlorophyll concentration. These findings suggest a greater role of organic particles in impacting lake transparency than was previously thought, and have implications for lake clarity management.

Download or read book Light Scattering by Nonspherical Particles written by Michael I. Mishchenko and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1999-09-22 with total page 721 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is hardly a field of science or engineering that does not have some interest in light scattering by small particles. For example, this subject is important to climatology because the energy budget for the Earth's atmosphere is strongly affected by scattering of solar radiation by cloud and aerosol particles, and the whole discipline of remote sensing relies largely on analyzing the parameters of radiation scattered by aerosols, clouds, and precipitation. The scattering of light by spherical particles can be easily computed using the conventional Mie theory. However, most small solid particles encountered in natural and laboratory conditions have nonspherical shapes. Examples are soot and mineral aerosols, cirrus cloud particles, snow and frost crystals, ocean hydrosols, interplanetary and cometary dust grains, and microorganisms. It is now well known that scattering properties of nonspherical particles can differ dramatically from those of "equivalent" (e.g., equal-volume or equal-surface-area) spheres. Therefore, the ability to accurately compute or measure light scattering by nonspherical particles in order to clearly understand the effects of particle nonsphericity on light scattering is very important. The rapid improvement of computers and experimental techniques over the past 20 years and the development of efficient numerical approaches have resulted in major advances in this field which have not been systematically summarized. Because of the universal importance of electromagnetic scattering by nonspherical particles, papers on different aspects of this subject are scattered over dozens of diverse research and engineering journals. Often experts in one discipline (e.g., biology) are unaware of potentially useful results obtained in another discipline (e.g., antennas and propagation). This leads to an inefficient use of the accumulated knowledge and unnecessary redundancy in research activities. This book offers the first systematic and unified discussion of light scattering by nonspherical particles and its practical applications and represents the state-of-the-art of this important research field. Individual chapters are written by leading experts in respective areas and cover three major disciplines: theoretical and numerical techniques, laboratory measurements, and practical applications. An overview chapter provides a concise general introduction to the subject of nonspherical scattering and should be especially useful to beginners and those interested in fast practical applications. The audience for this book will include graduate students, scientists, and engineers working on specific aspects of electromagnetic scattering by small particles and its applications in remote sensing, geophysics, astrophysics, biomedical optics, and optical engineering. - The first systematic and comprehensive treatment of electromagnetic scattering by nonspherical particles and its applications - Individual chapters are written by leading experts in respective areas - Includes a survey of all the relevant literature scattered over dozens of basic and applied research journals - Consistent use of unified definitions and notation makes the book a coherent volume - An overview chapter provides a concise general introduction to the subject of light scattering by nonspherical particles - Theoretical chapters describe specific easy-to-use computer codes publicly available on the World Wide Web - Extensively illustrated with over 200 figures, 4 in color

Download or read book Patterns and Implications of Light Scattering in New Croton Reservoir New York written by Nicolas Kent Ohrazda and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Light Scattering by Ice Crystals written by Kuo-Nan Liou and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-10-06 with total page 461 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research volume outlines the scientific foundations that are central to our current understanding of light scattering, absorption and polarization processes involving ice crystals. It also demonstrates how data from satellite remote sensing of cirrus clouds can be combined with radiation parameterizations in climate models to estimate the role of these clouds in temperature and precipitation responses to climate change. Providing a balanced treatment of the fundamentals and applications, this book synthesizes the authors' own work, as well as that of other leading researchers in this area. Numerous illustrations are included, including three-dimensional schematics, to provide a concise discussion of the subject and enable easy visualization of the key concepts. This book is intended for active researchers and advanced graduate students in atmospheric science, climatology, and remote sensing, as well as scholars in related fields such as ice microphysics, electromagnetic wave propagation, geometric optics, radiative transfer and cloud-climate interactions.

Download or read book Light Scattering Reviews 5 written by Alexander A. Kokhanovsky and published by . This book was released on 2011-09-02 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Light Scattering from Micron Sized Particles written by Ulf Nobbmann and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Seasonal Variations in Light Scattering in the New York Region and Their Relation to Sources written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Light scattering data collected during two periods of intensive sampling in New York City (one during summer months and one during winter months) are discussed and analyzed for diurnal patterns, their relationship to pollutant emission sources, meteorological parameters, and the size distribution and chemical composition of the ambient aerosol. The lack of a diurnal pattern for light scattering in summer in combination with a strong positive association with ozone and wind direction dependency suggests that in summer the transport of an aged aerosol in photochemically rich air masses rather than local emissions of primary pollutants is largely responsible for the observed levels of light scattering in New York City. Winter levels of light scattering observed in New York City, while approximately 50% lower than summer levels, were much less dependent on wind direction and closely related to pollutant emissions from local sources. This suggests that locally generated aerosol dominates light scattering in the winter. Particles 0.1.mu.m to 1.3.mu.m in diameter were strongly correlated with light scattering in New York City during both summer and winter periods. However, a given volume of aerosol between 0.1.mu.m and 1.3.mu.m scattered more light in summer than in winter, indicating the fresher nature of the winter aerosol. Variance in dry particulate light scattering was found to principally account for light extinction variance (calculated from airport visibility observations) in summer and winter. Sulfate aerosol was strongly correlated with light scattering during both summer and winter periods.

Download or read book Light Scattering by Particles in the Upper Atmosphere written by Gordon Newkirk and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Light Scattering by Small Particles written by Van de Hulst HC. and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Effect of Particle Nonhomgeneity and Morphology on Inversion of Light Scattering Data written by Pei-Feng Hsu and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Light Scattering in Physics Chemistry and Biology written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Real time Coastal Observing Systems for Marine Ecosystem Dynamics and Harmful Algal Blooms written by Babin, Marcel and published by UNESCO. This book was released on 2008-06-05 with total page 880 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The proliferation of harmful phytoplankton in marine ecosystems can cause massive fish kills, contaminate seafood with toxins, impact local and regional economies and dramatically affect ecological balance. Real-time observations are essential for effective short-term operational forecasting, but observation and modelling systems are still being developed. This volume provides guidance for developing real-time and near real-time sensing systems for observing and predicting plankton dynamics, including harmful algal blooms, in coastal waters. The underlying theory is explained and current trends in research and monitoring are discussed.Topics covered include: coastal ecosystems and dynamics of harmful algal blooms; theory and practical applications of in situ and remotely sensed optical detection of microalgal distributions and composition; theory and practical applications of in situ biological and chemical sensors for targeted species and toxin detection; integrated observing systems and platforms for detection; diagnostic and predictive modelling of ecosystems and harmful algal blooms, including data assimilation techniques; observational needs for the public and government; and future directions for research and operations.

Download or read book Light Absorption in Sea Water written by Bogdian Wozniak and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-11 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a detailed description of light absorption and absorbents in seawaters with respect to provenance, region of the sea, depth of the occurrence and trophicity. The text is based on a substantial body of contemporary research results taken from the subject literature (over 400 references) and the work of the authors over a period of 30 years.