Download or read book Rocky Reef Fish Connectivity written by Geoffrey Scott Cook and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The extent to which marine populations are connected by dispersing larvae and the ramifications of this connectivity for population dynamics was investigated for the temperate damselfish, Hypsypops rubicundus, in San Diego County, USA. Surveys identified six source populations for this species: Carlsbad, Cardiff, Torrey Pines, La Jolla, Mission Point, and Zuniga Point. Three of these reefs are within or adjacent to existing marine protected areas. Trace elemental fingerprinting was used to quantify the connectivity of populations in 2008-2009. High-resolution sampling over a protracted spawning season revealed that elemental fingerprints of reefs earlier in the spawning season became indistinguishable from other reefs later in the spawning season, resulting in inaccurate assignment of natal origin of post-dispersal fish. When natal origins of fish were assessed using appropriately binned data, one reef, La Jolla, emerged as the predominant source population, supplying itself and three other reefs with recruits. The northernmost reef, Cardiff was a "pure" sink, in that it unilaterally imported fish. Dispersal trajectories predominantly were in a northerly direction, but sporadic southerly dispersal was documented, corresponding to empirically measured current reversals. On intra-annual time scales this network of reefs resembles a source-sink metapopulation, but over annual time scales it functions as an open metapopulation with a well-mixed larval pool. To assess the demographic significance of observed connectivity patterns, empirically parameterized, stage-based matrix models were coupled with connectivity matrices. Elasticity analyses suggest inter-reef connectivity acts primarily to regulate which vital rates are demographically most significant; at low levels of connectivity adult survivorship has the greatest influence on population growth rate; at high levels of connectivity, juvenile growth is most influential. Quantitative metrics of sources and sinks were developed and node deletion experiments conducted to better characterize reef connectivity within the metapopulation. La Jolla was identified as the most valuable reef within the metapopulation in terms of connectivity; it may regulate how populations of fish at other reefs persist over time, and as such should be a conservation priority. New knowledge of the magnitude, directionality and variability of connectivity, and its roles in regulating local and metapopulation dynamics will aid local marine conservation efforts.
Download or read book Coral Reefs of the Red Sea written by Christian R. Voolstra and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-05-07 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is a complete review and reference work for scientists, engineers, and students concerned with coral reefs in the Red Sea. It provides an up-to-date review on the geology, ecology, and physiology of coral reef ecosystems in the Red Sea, including data from most recent molecular studies. The Red Sea harbours a set of unique ecological characteristics, such as high temperature, high alkalinity, and high salinity, in a quasi-isolated environment. This makes it a perfect laboratory to study and understand adaptation in regard to the impact of climate change on marine ecosystems. This book can be used as a general reference, guide, or textbook.
Download or read book Estimating Connectivity in Coral Reef Fish Populations written by Pablo Saenz-Agudelo and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Reef Fisheries written by Polunin Nicholas V.C. and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-09 with total page 477 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reef ecosystems extend throughout the tropics. Exploited by small-scale fishers, reefs supply food for millions of people, but, worldwide, there are growing worries about the productivity and current state of these ecosystems. Reef fish stocks display many features of fisheries elsewhere. However, habitat spatial complexity, biological diversity within and among species, ecosystem intricacy and variable means of exploitation make it hard to predict sustainable modes and levels of fishing.
Download or read book Rocky Reef Fishes in the Gulf of California written by Michele Leigh Buckhorn and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Coral Reef Habitats and Fish Connectivity written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Seafloor heterogeneity Artificial structures and marine ecosystem dynamics recent advances written by Toyonobu Fujii and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-04-26 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Management of Marine Protected Areas written by Paul D. Goriup and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-01-17 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the health of the world’s oceans threatened as never before, it is becoming increasingly apparent that Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) play a vitally important role in protecting marine and coastal habitats. Management of Marine Protected Areas: A Network Perspective draws on the results of a major EU-sponsored research project related to the establishment of networks of MPAs in the Mediterranean and Black Seas that transpired from February 2011 to January 2016. Featuring contributions by leading university- and national research institute-based scientists, chapters utilize the latest research data and developments in marine conservation policy to explore issues related to ways in which networks of MPAs may amplify the effectiveness and conservation benefits of individual areas within them. Topics addressed include the broader socio-economic impacts of MPAs in the Mediterranean and Black Seas; the use of Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) to resolve conflicts between marine resource use and protection; special protection measures under the EU’s Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD); ecological value assessments in the Black Sea; the Ecosystem Approach (EA) for managing marine ecosystems; MPAs along Turkey’s Black Sea coast; MPAs and offshore wind farms; and managing and monitoring MPA networks within and between the Black and Mediterranean Seas. Timely and important, Management of Marine Protected Areas: A Network Perspective offers invaluable insights into the role of MPAs in preserving the welfare and long-term viability of our world’s oceans.
Download or read book Reef Fish Connectivity in the Hawaiian Archipelago written by Johanna L. K. Wren and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite decades of research, factors that drive population patterns and connectivity in the ocean are hotly debated and largely unknown. With a changing climate and an ever increasing anthropogenic strain, protecting our oceans for future generations is vital. Coral reefs are some of the most productive ecosystems on earth, and in order to protect them we need to gain a deeper understanding of the biological and physical dynamics that govern species distributions and survival. This dissertation aims to explore larval dispersal and population connectivity in the Hawaiian Archipelago. To effectively manage coral reef ecosystems, it is imperative to understand where the new generation comes from. To gain insight into the drivers behind observed larval distribution patterns I ground-truthed a biophysical model with in situ larval distributions obtained during midwater trawling off the coast of West Hawai'i Island. I was able to show that a connectivity model explained observed larval abundances and distributions of the yellow tang, Zebrasoma flavescens, to a significant degree. The dispersal model also showed that successful larvae most likely inhabit the deeper waters around 100 m for optimum settlement success and that larvae can travel from one end of the Main Hawaiian Islands to the other in 45 days. The groundtruthed model allowed me to explore modeled potential connectivity in the Hawaiian Archipelago and generate a comprehensive estimate of connectivity of passive particles for the region. Genetic population connectivity has been studied extensively in the Hawaiian Archipelago, but to date no study has looked at large scale modeled larval connectivity patterns. By comparing genetic population connectivity patterns with modeled larval connectivity patterns driven by the physical environment we can begin to understand drivers of population connectivity. I found that modeled self-recruitment was high throughout the archipelago. This is important because being able to provide your own young makes a population less reliant on outside sources of genes and larvae. Results from the biophysical model indicate that connectivity in the NWHI is predominantly driven by physical factors e.g. ocean currents. Connectivity patterns in the Main Hawaiian Islands are not explained by the physical oceanographic environment, rather, biological and anthropogenic factors are likely important for dispersal. The biophysical model identified distinct breaks in the archipelago where larval exchange is limited, and I was able to describe the directionality and relative size of dispersal between the MHI and the NWHI. Understanding larval exchange between the MHI and NWHI is important because the MHI are heavily fished while the NWHI are protected as part of one of the largest marine protected areas in the world, Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument. In the final part of this work I investigate how El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) change connectivity patterns in the Hawaiian Archipelago. Having a deeper understanding of changes in connectivity during relatively extreme events such as ENSO allows us to better plan for management in a changing climate. The study showed that unique connectivity pathways open up between the Hawaiian Archipelago and Johnston Atoll during El Niño events providing a pathway for larval exchange between the Hawaiian Archipelago and other islands in the Pacific Ocean. During La Niña years Johnston Atoll acts as an outpost, with modeled connectivity pathways opening up from Hawai'i towards Johnston Atoll. El Niño years had longer mean dispersal distances, and more larvae that traveled further, compared with normal and La Niña years. These periodic long distance dispersal events may contribute to the exchange of genes between distant populations, and allowing greater genetic diversity and potentially building resilience towards changing environments.
Download or read book Aquatic Habitat Ecology Conservation Continental and Marine Ecosystems Connectivity written by Mario Barletta and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-10-23 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ‘Aquatic Habitat Conservation in South America’ Symposium occurred during the XXI Brazilian Society of Ichthyology Meeting. The proceedings were published as a special issue in the Journal of Fish Biology (vol. 89, Number 1, June 2016). In this special issue, authors provided an analytical overview of problems faced by the conservation of fishes and aquatic habitats of South America. Habitat loss emerged as the greatest concern for all South American aquatic ecosystems, with a long list of causes related to unsustainable development models. Based on this finding, we would like to extend this topic to other continents, different climates, fauna and flora around the world. Our goal is to provide a comprehensive and multidisciplinary overview of variables that influence flora and fauna distributions and shape their ecological interactions within aquatic ecosystems
Download or read book Ecological Connectivity among Tropical Coastal Ecosystems written by Ivan Nagelkerken and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-09-23 with total page 617 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mangrove forests, seagrass beds, and coral reefs are circumtropical ecosystems that are highly productive, and provide many important biological functions and economic services. These ecosystems cover large surface areas in the shallow tropical coastal seascape but have suffered from serious human degradation, especially in the last few decades. Part of their diversity, productivity, and functioning seems to be based on their juxtaposition. Especially in the last decade significant advances have been made on new insights into their ecological connectivity. This authoritative book provides a first-time comprehensive review of the major ecological interactions across tropical marine ecosystems that result from the mutual exchange of nutrients, organic matter, fish, and crustaceans. A group of leading authors from around the world reviews the patterns and underlying mechanisms of important biogeochemical and biological linkages among tropical coastal ecosystems in 15 chapters. Included are chapters that review cutting-edge tools to study and quantify these linkages, the importance of such linkages for fisheries, and how tropical ecosystems should be conserved and managed for sustainable use by future generations. The book uses examples from all over the world and provides an up-to-date review of the latest published literature. This book is a ‘must read’ for professionals working on the conservation, management, and ecology of mangrove, seagrass and coral reef ecosystems.
Download or read book Metapopulation Dynamics of Coral Reef Fish written by William F. Figueira and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Functional Connectivity of Coral Reef Fishes in a Tropical Seascape Assessed by Compound specific Stable Isotope Analyses written by Kelton Wells McMahon and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ecological integrity of tropical habitats, including mangroves, seagrass beds and coral reefs, is coming under increasing pressure from human activities. Many coral reef fish species are thought to use mangroves and seagrass beds as juvenile nurseries before migrating to coral reefs as adults. Identifying essential habitats and preserving functional linkages among these habitats is likely necessary to promote ecosystem health and sustainable fisheries on coral reefs. This necessitates quantitative assessment of functional connectivity among essential habitats at the seascape level. This thesis presents the development and first application of a method for tracking fish migration using amino acid (AA) 13C analysis in otoliths. In a controlled feeding experiment with fish reared on isotopically distinct diets, we showed that essential AAs exhibited minimal trophic fractionation between consumer and diet, providing a 513C record of the baseline isoscape. We explored the potential for geochemical signatures in otoliths of snapper to act as natural tags of residency in seagrass beds, mangroves and coral reefs in the Red Sea, Caribbean Sea and Eastern Pacific Ocean. The 13C values of otolith essential AAs varied as a function of habitat type and provided a better tracer of residence in juvenile nursery habitats than conventional bulk stable isotope analyses (SIA). Using our otolith AA SIA approach, we quantified the relative contribution of coastal wetlands and reef habitats to Lutjanus ehrenbergii populations on coastal, shelf and oceanic coral reefs in the Red Sea. L. ehrenbergii made significant ontogenetic migrations, traveling more than 30 km from juvenile nurseries to coral reefs and across deep open water. Coastal wetlands were important nurseries for L. ehrenbergii; however, there was significant plasticity in L. ehrenbergii juvenile habitat requirements. Seascape configuration played an important role in determining the functional connectivity of L. ehrenbergii populations in the Red Sea. The compound-specific SIA approach presented in this thesis will be particularly valuable for tracking the movement of species and life-stages not amenable to conventional tagging techniques. This thesis provides quantitative scientific support for establishing realistic population connectivity models that can be used to design effective marine reserve networks.
Download or read book Predictability of the Structure and Dynamics of Coral Reef Fish Communities written by Timothy R. Ault and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ecology of Marine Invertebrate Larvae written by Larry McEdward and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-04-08 with total page 485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book to provide a detailed treatment of the field of larval ecology. The 13 chapters use state-of-the-art reviews and critiques of nearly all of the major topics in this diverse and rapidly growing field. Topics include: patterns of larval diversity, reproductive energetics, spawning ecology, life history theory, larval feeding and nutrition, larval mortality, behavior and locomotion, larval transport, dispersal, population genetics, recruitment dynamics and larval evolution. Written by the leading new scientists in the field, chapters define the current state of larval ecology and outline the important questions for future research.
Download or read book Marine Protected Areas and Ocean Conservation written by Tundi S. Agardy and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1997-03-20 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews the need for marine conservation, summarizes general measures for ocean and coastal conservation, and explains the rationale for establishing marine protected areas. The second half of the book is essentially a guideline for designing and implementing protected areas in order to make them viable and long-lasting in their effectiveness.
Download or read book The Gulf of California written by Richard C. Brusca and published by University of Arizona Press. This book was released on 2010-04-15 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Few places in the world can claim such a diversity of species as the Gulf of California (Sea of Cortez), with its 6,000 recorded animal species estimated to be half the number actually living in its waters. So rich are the Gulf's water that over a half-million tons of seafood are taken from them annuallyÑand this figure does not count the wasted by-catch, which would triple or quadruple that tonnage. This timely book provides a benchmark for understanding the Gulf's extraordinary diversity, how it is threatened, and in what ways it isÑor should beÑprotected. In spite of its dazzling richness, most of the Gulf's coastline now harbors but a pale shadow of the diversity that existed just a half-century ago. Recommendations based on sound, careful science must guide Mexico in moving forward to protect the Gulf of California. This edited volume contains contributions by twenty-four Gulf of California experts, from both sides of the U.S.-Mexico border. From the origins of the Gulf to its physical and chemical characteristics, from urgently needed conservation alternatives for fisheries and the entire Gulf ecosystem to information about its invertebrates, fishes, cetaceans, and sea turtles, this thought-provoking book provides new insights and clear paths to achieve sustainable use solidly based on robust science. The interdisciplinary, international cooperation involved in creating this much-needed collection provides a model for achieving success in answering critically important questions about a precious but rapidly disappearing ecological treasure.
