Download or read book Road Infrastructure Concession Practice in Europe written by Franck Bousquet and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2001 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Europe has a wealth of experience with motorway concessions and the issues associated with concession contracts and other infrastructure funding systems, toll charges and other parts to remuneration, and risk sharing between concession authorities and concession companies.
Download or read book Road Infrastructure Concession Practice in Europe written by Frank Bousquet and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Road Infrastructure Concession Practice in Europe written by Franck Bousquet and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: September 2001 Europe has a wealth of experience with motorway concessions and the issues associated with concession contracts and other infrastructure funding systems, toll charges and other paths to remuneration, and risk sharing between concession authorities and concession companies. In a road infrastructure concession, a public authority grants specific rights to a private or semi-public company to construct, overhaul, maintain, and operate infrastructure for a given period. By contract, the public authority charges that company with making the investments needed to create the service at its own cost and to operate it at its own risk. The price paid to the company comes from the service's users, the public authority, or both. In 1999, out of roughly 51,000 kilometers of European motorways, about 17,000 kilometers (33 percent) were concessioned--16,400 kilometers by toll and 670 kilometers by shadow toll (design, build, finance, and operate arrangements). Of these, 73 percent are managed by the public sector and 27 percent by private companies. State-owned companies have been important in European motorway concessions. Systems vary among countries, for example, in how they share risks between the concession authority and the concession company. As the motorway network has grown denser, attributing commercial risk has become more difficult. Increasingly, public authorities must play a greater regulatory role. Already, bad experiences have made the private sector reluctant to bear the commercial risk. And the commercial risk is sometimes too great to be carried by the concession company alone. Commercial risk should be controlled by mechanisms incorporated in the contract, but control of the commercial risk must not eliminate incentives. In addition to safeguarding the community's interests, the public concession authority must increase citizen awareness about concession decisions, to ensure their social acceptability. Formulas for determining toll charges differ through Europe. So do criteria for selecting concession companies. In 1999, the main criteria used were these: * The amount of public subsidy required. * The credibility of the financial arrangements. * The project's technical quality. * The operating strategy and price policy. * The reputation of the concession company (whether it has a construction company among its shareholders, for example). The increasingly frequent use of private funding must be taken into account when defining the training required by personnel responsible for monitoring the concessions. This paper--a product of the Governance, Regulation, and Finance Division, World Bank Institute--is part of a larger effort in the institute to promote best practice in the regulation of privatized infrastructure. The authors may be contacted at [email protected] or [email protected].
Download or read book Procurement and Financing of Motorways in Europe written by Giorgio Ragazzi and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-12-02 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume raises many challenging and controversial issues surrounding motorway procurement and finance in Europe. A somewhat surprising outcome is that a general appraisal bias can be identified in the following sense: Experts from countries which have introduced concession schemes for managing and financing of their motorways are very critical of these schemes, stressing their shortcomings and caveats. Some even conclude that public management under a regime of welfare maximisation would be desirable as a sustainable option. Experts from countries which have been sticking to public procurement and tax finance of motorways strongly attack the inefficiency of public planning regimes and the general tendency to allocate the revenues from special transport related taxes to the public budget, eventually spending them on other purposes rather than transport. A typical feature of the latter regime seems to be the chronic lack of funds for infrastructure investment. Although a single ideal country concept for motorway procurement and finance obviously cannot be identified, every paper gives some insights into possible future improvements. Therefore, beyond the rich documentation of national solutions it is the perspective on workable future concepts which makes the book a valuable guide through the jungle of manifold options for public/private partnerships. This book is a selection of papers presented to the international conference "Highways: Costs and Regulation in Europe", held in Bergamo on the 26th - 27th of November 2004. The Conference was organised by the University of Bergamo, and sponsored by the European Investment Bank.
Download or read book Helping People Help Themselves written by Congress of Industrial Organizations (U.S.). Dept. of Education and Research and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1963 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book International Cartel Enforcement written by Simon J. Evenett and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2001 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Enforcement against international cartels surged in the late 1990s. Despite this enforcement activity, there are good reasons to doubt that national laws sufficiently deter cartel formation.
Download or read book Introduction to Property Theory written by David P. Ellerman and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper inaugurates the mathematical treatment of property theory, proving the two fundamental theorems for the property system that correspond to the two fundamental theorems for the competitive price system.
Download or read book An Alternative Unifying Measure of Welfare Gains from Risk sharing written by Philippe Auffret and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2001 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Following Lucas's (1987) standard approach, welfare gains from international risk-sharing have been measured as the percentage increase in consumption levels that leaves individuals indifferent between, autarky and risk-sharing. The author proposes to measure welfare gains as the increase in consumption growth, instead of consumption levels. When the consumption process is non-stationary, the author's proposed measure has several attractive features: it does not depend on the horizon, and it is robust to alternative specifications of the consumption stochastic processes (from geometric Brownian processes, to Orstein-Ulhenbeck mean-reverting processes), and preferences (from constant relative risk aversion preferences to Kreps-Porteus preferences). The author then uses this measure to estimate potential welfare gains from international risk-sharing for a representative U.S. consumer. The author finds that if international risk-sharing leads only to a complete elimination of aggregate consumption volatility (with no impact on consumption growth), it represents gains to a U.S. consumer of only $ 12 a year on average. But if international risk-sharing also permits an increase in consumption growth, it may have a sizable impact on welfare. Each 0.5 percentage point increase in consumption growth, represents gains to a U.S. consumer of about $ 160 a year on average.
Download or read book Ringing in th 20th Century written by Scott J. Wallsten and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2001 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For many countries, recent reforms in telecommunications represent a restoration of the private provision and competition that prevailed in the early part of the 20th century. At that time, just as today, telephone service in countries with competing private providers was superior to service in countries with a state-owned monopoly.
Download or read book Geographic Patters of Land Use and Lande Intensity in the Brazilian Amazon written by Kenneth M. Chomitz and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2001 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nearly 90 percent of agricultural land in the Brazilian Amazon is used for pasture, or has been cleared and left unused. Pasture on average is used with very low productivity. Analysis based on census tract data shows that agricultural conversion of forested areas in the wetter western Amazon would be even less productive, using current technologies.
Download or read book Global Trade and Food Safety written by John Sullivan Wilson and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2001 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How food safety is addressed in the world trade system is critical for developing countries that continue to rely on agricultural exports. An analysis shows that adopting a worldwide standard of a toxin affecting nuts and grains could increase trade in these commodities by $38 billion compaired with levels under today's widely divergent national standards.
Download or read book Deposit Insurance and Financial Development written by Robert J. Cull and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2001 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Do deposit insurance programs contribute to financial developmen? Yes, but only if the regulatory environment is sound.
Download or read book Deposit Insurance Around the Globe written by Asl? Demirgüç-Kunt and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2001 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explicit deposit insurance has been spreading rapidly in recent years, even to countries with low levels of financial and institutional development. Economic theory indicates that deposit-insurance design features interact--for good or ill--with country-specific elements of the financial and governmental contracting environment. This paper documents the extent of cross-country differences in deposit-insurance design and reviews empirical evidence on how particular design features affect private market discipline, banking stability, financial development, and the effectiveness of crisis resolution. This evidence challenges the wisdom of encouraging countries to adopt explicit deposit insurance without first stopping to assess and remedy weaknesses in their informational and supervisory environments.
Download or read book Monetary Policy Strategies for Latin America written by Frederic S. Mishkin and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2000 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Instead of focusing the debate about the conduct of monetary policy on whether the nominal exchange rate should be fixed or flexible, the focus should be on whether the monetary policy regime appropriately constrains discretion in monetary policymaking. Three frameworks deserve serious discussion as possible long-run strategies for monetary policy in Latin America. A hard exchange-rate peg, monetary targeting, and inflation targeting.
Download or read book Financial Policies and the Prevention of Financial Crises in Emerging Market Economics written by Frederic S. Mishkin and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2001 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years we have seen a growing number of banking and financial crises in emerging market countries, with great costs to their economies. But we now have a much better understanding of why these crises occur and a better idea how they can be prevented.
Download or read book Financing European Transport Infrastructure written by S. Farrell and published by Springer. This book was released on 1999-02-08 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Financing European Transport Infrastructure examines organisational arrangements for planning and financing transport infrastructure in Western Europe. It covers all modes of transport - road, rail, sea, air, urban, and inland waterways - and asks why their financing arrangements are so different. It looks at the division of responsibilities between central and local government, and the growing role of autonomous public bodies, the European Commission and private finance. It examines the consequences of investment failing to keep up with demand - in congestion, environmental damage and slower growth - and the impact of new approaches, including public-private partnerships.
Download or read book Transport Infrastructure Investment Options for Efficiency written by International Transport Forum and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2008-02-14 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines key principles that should be considered by governments in deciding how to provide and pay for surface transport infrastructure, with a view to best serving societies’ needs and employing public resources.
