Download or read book RMS Lg Studies of Underground Nuclear Explosions in the U S S R and the U S written by P. G. Richards and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Stability of RMS Lg Measurements and Their Potential for Accurate Estimation of the Yields of Soviet Underground Nuclear Explosions written by Roger A. Hansen and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Data on underground nuclear explosions have recently become available from modern digital seismic stations installed within the Soviet Union and China. Observations of root mean square Lg-wave signals for Soviet underground nuclear explosions at the Shagan River test site in East Kazakhstan show that the relative amplitudes of the RMS signals at stations in Norway, the U.S.S.R. and China, are very similar for different explosions, the standard deviation of only 0.03 in magnitude. This is consistent with earlier observations comparing NORSAR and the Graefenberg array data, and the observed scatter is significantly lower than that reported from Nevada Test Site. In view of the excellent correspondence for Lg versus yield at Nevada, RMS has a potential for yield estimation with very high accuracy at Shagan River. The study shows: a) selected stations in the U.S.S.R. and China, at regional distances, provide a much improved signal to noise ratio of the Lg phase for events at Shagan River, compared to NORSAR array data; b) the scaling of RMS Lg amplitudes between different sized events recorded at the same single station site appears to be consistent with that of NORSAR, indicating a remarkable degree of precision in single station measurements of Lg signal; c) RMS Lg amplitude measurements for the best of these stations may be made at 1.5 to 2.0 magnitude units lower than at NORSAR Graefenberg, allowing a much lower threshold for Lg based yield determination; and d) P wave detection capabilities of these single stations do not match those of the NORESS and ARCESS arrays, thus teleseismic signals continue to be important for detection of small nuclear explosions.

Download or read book Statistical Study of Soviet Nuclear Explosions Data Results and Software Tools written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This final report summarizes our efforts in analyzing Soviet underground nuclear tests, with emphases on our updated results and the statistical software developed. 28,875 carefully measured station magnitudes were fed into a maximum-likelihood inversion scheme which simultaneously determines the event size and the station correction, as well as the specific path correction for each source-station pair. The simultaneously-inferred path and station corrections are related to known geological/geophysical features. Applying these path and station corrections to the raw station magnitudes of any individual explosion yields a systematic reduction in the fluctuational variation of station magnitudes across the whole network with a reduction factor ranging from 1.2 to 3 for all Soviet events in our data set. The Mb(Pmax)-Mb(Lg) NORSAR bias between the southwest and northeast subregions of the Soviet's Balapan test site is assessed as 0.07 magnitude unit, which is significantly smaller than that of previous studies. First motion of the initial short-period P waves appears to be a very favorable source measure for explosions fired in hard rock sites underlain by a stable mantle such as Semipalatinsk. The mb(Pa)- based yield estimate for the JVE event of Sep 14, 1988, is 112kt. Between 100 and 150 kt, the mb bias between Eastern Kazakh and NTS using our Mb(Pmax) values is 0.35. Mb, Mb(Lg), Yield estimation, Mb Bias, General linear model, Iterative method, Maximum-likelihood inversion.

Download or read book U S Arms Control and Disarmament Agency Annual Report written by United States. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Yields of Underground Nuclear Explosions at Azgir and Shagan River USSR and Implications for Identifying Decoupled Nuclear Testing in Salt written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bodywave magnitudes, mb, are recomputed using station corrections for all known Soviet underground nuclear explosions at Shagan River and Azgir. The mb values for explosions of announced yield, Y, in various parts of the world in either hard rock or below the water table were normalized to the SW part of the Shagan River testing area using previously published values of t* and mb bias. The resulting relationship, mb = 4.48 + 0.79 logY, which includes yields published by Bocharov et al. (1989) for Shagan River, differs very little from a regression that does not include those data. Using magnitudes determined from Lg at NORSAR as a standard, the Shagan River site is divided into three subareas. Yields calculated from these revised mb values and from m(Lg) are much more consistent for the same explosion; each agrees closely with the yields published by Bocharov et al. for large explosions in 1971 and 1972 in the NE and SW parts of the testing area. Yields calculated by averaging determinations from Lg and body waves for 66 explosions have a high precision at 95% confidence (mean value 1. 14) for Y> 10 kt. The explosion of 23 July 1973 of Y = 193 kt is clearly the largest underground explosion at Shagan River. The newly calculated values provide strong evidence of clustering in the distribution of yields of Soviet tests. In a special study yields of Soviet nuclear explosions, nuclear tests in salt, decoupling, evasion.

Download or read book Monitoring Underground Nuclear Explosions written by Ola Dahlman and published by Elsevier Science & Technology. This book was released on 1977 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book U S Arms Control and Disarmament Agency 1990 and 1991 Annual Reports written by United States. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book RMS Lg as a Yield Estimator in Eurasia written by Hans Israelsson and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Monitoring the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty written by Frode Ringdal and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001-04 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In September 1996, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), prohibiting nuclear explosions worldwide, in all environments. The treaty calls for a global verification system, including a network of 321 monitoring stations distributed around the globe, a data communications network, an international data centre (IDC), and on-site inspections, to verify compliance. This volume contains research papers focusing on seismic ecent location in the CTBT context. The on-site inspection protocol of the treaty specifies a search area not to exceed 1000 square km. Much of the current research effort is therefore directed towards refining the accuracy of event location by including allowances for three-dimensional structure within the Earth. The aim is that the true location of each event will lie within the specified source zone regarding postulated location. The papers in this volume cover many aspects of seismic event location, including the development of algorithms suitable for use with three-dimensional models, allowances for regional structure, use of calibration events and source-specific station corrections. They provide a broad overview of the current international effort to improve seismic event location accuracy, and the editors hope that it will stimulate increased interest and further advances in this important field.

Download or read book Monitoring the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Source Location written by Frode Ringdal and published by Birkhäuser. This book was released on 2013-03-07 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In September 1996, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), prohibiting nuclear explosions worldwide, in all environments. The treaty calls for a global verification system, including a network of 321 monitoring stations distributed around the globe, a data communications network, an international data centre (IDC), and on-site inspections, to verify compliance. This volume contains research papers focusing on seismic ecent location in the CTBT context. The on-site inspection protocol of the treaty specifies a search area not to exceed 1000 square km. Much of the current research effort is therefore directed towards refining the accuracy of event location by including allowances for three-dimensional structure within the Earth. The aim is that the true location of each event will lie within the specified source zone regarding postulated location. The papers in this volume cover many aspects of seismic event location, including the development of algorithms suitable for use with three-dimensional models, allowances for regional structure, use of calibration events and source-specific station corrections. They provide a broad overview of the current international effort to improve seismic event location accuracy, and the editors hope that it will stimulate increased interest and further advances in this important field.

Download or read book Government reports annual index written by and published by . This book was released on 199? with total page 1362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Monitoring a Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty written by Eystein S. Husebye and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 843 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An international treaty banning the testing of any nuclear device in any environment - a comprehensive test ban treaty (CTBT) - has been on the political agenda for nearly 40 years. Objections to a CTBT have been political, technical, or a combination of both. However, the possibilities seem better after the end of the Cold War. In the prevailing, cooperative disarmament climate a CTBT appears likely to be approved by most countries in 1996. Hence the great current interest in monitoring technologies and capabilities. Such issues are comprehensively addressed here, a preamble being devoted to the political developments and setbacks over the past 40 years. Since seismic means are considered the dominant monitoring element, they are explored in detail. Contributions cover network deployments, advanced signal processing, wave propagation in heterogeneous media, and seismic source representations, and a variety of techniques for source classification (including neural networks). Complementary monitoring techniques, such as hydroacoustics, radionuclides and infrasound, are also summarised. The IAEA operation for monitoring compliance with the Non-Proliferation Treaty is also presented. The book also includes eyewitness accounts of the Soviet 50 Mt megabomb development and test, as well as the efforts made by the state to monitor the nuclear test programmes of the western powers. Includes some 33 articles written by distinguished scientists active in CTBT monitoring research for decades.

Download or read book Government Reports Announcements Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 982 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Monitoring the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Source Processes and Explosion Yield Estimation written by Goran Ekstrom and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001-12-01 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pure appl. geophys., by 161 nations. Entry of the treaty into force, however, is still uncertain since it requires ratification by all 44 nations that have some nuclear capability and, as of 15 June 2001, only 31 of those nations have done so. Although entry of the CTBT into force is still uncertain, seismologists and scientists in related fields, such as radionuclides, have proceeded with new research on issues relevant to monitoring compliance with it. Results of much of that research may be used by the International Monitoring System, headquartered in Vienna, and by several national centers and individual institutions, to monitor compliance with the CTBT. New issues associated with CTBT monitoring in the 21st century have presented scientists with many new challenges. They must be able to effectively monitor com pliance by several countries that have not previously been nuclear powers. Effective monitoring requires that we be able to detect and locate much smaller nuclear events than ever before and to distinguish them from small earthquakes and other types of explosions. We must have those capabilities in regions that are seismically active and geologically complex, and where seismic waves might not propagate efficiently.

Download or read book Hyperbolic Equations and Frequency Interactions written by Luis A. Caffarelli and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 1999 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The research topic for this IAS/PCMS Summer Session was nonlinear wave phenomena. Mathematicians from the more theoretical areas of PDEs were brought together with those involved in applications. The goal was to share ideas, knowledge, and perspectives. How waves, or "frequencies", interact in nonlinear phenomena has been a central issue in many of the recent developments in pure and applied analysis. It is believed that wavelet theory--with its simultaneous localization in both physical and frequency space and its lacunarity--is and will be a fundamental new tool in the treatment of the phenomena. Included in this volume are write-ups of the "general methods and tools" courses held by Jeff Rauch and Ingrid Daubechies. Rauch's article discusses geometric optics as an asymptotic limit of high-frequency phenomena. He shows how nonlinear effects are reflected in the asymptotic theory. In the article "Harmonic Analysis, Wavelets and Applications" by Daubechies and Gilbert the main structure of the wavelet theory is presented. Also included are articles on the more "specialized" courses that were presented, such as "Nonlinear Schrödinger Equations" by Jean Bourgain and "Waves and Transport" by George Papanicolaou and Leonid Ryzhik. Susan Friedlander provides a written version of her lecture series "Stability and Instability of an Ideal Fluid", given at the Mentoring Program for Women in Mathematics, a preliminary program to the Summer Session. This Summer Session brought together students, fellows, and established mathematicians from all over the globe to share ideas in a vibrant and exciting atmosphere. This book presents the compelling results. Members of the Mathematical Association of America (MAA) and the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) receive a 20% discount from list price.

Download or read book Congressional Record written by United States. Congress and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 1424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Congressional Record is the official record of the proceedings and debates of the United States Congress. It is published daily when Congress is in session. The Congressional Record began publication in 1873. Debates for sessions prior to 1873 are recorded in The Debates and Proceedings in the Congress of the United States (1789-1824), the Register of Debates in Congress (1824-1837), and the Congressional Globe (1833-1873)