Download or read book Risk Terrain Modeling Manual written by Joel M. Caplan, Ph.d. and published by Createspace Independent Pub. This book was released on 2010 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: RISK TERRAIN MODELING (RTM) is an approach to risk assessment that standardizes risk factors to common geographic units over a continuous surface. Separate map layers representing the presence, absence, or intensity of each risk factor at every place throughout a terrain is created in a Geographic Information System (GIS), and then all risk map layers are combined to produce a composite "risk terrain" map with attribute values that account for all risk factors at every location throughout the geography. RTM aids in strategic decision-making and tactical action by showing where conditions are ripe for events to occur in the future. This manual is offered as a primer on risk in the criminal event and demonstrates effective ways to apply RTM to crime analysis and policing operations. It begins with a review of the RTM approach to spatial risk assessment and presents a short overview of the theoretical underpinnings of criminological theory that have addressed the social and environmental factors that contribute to crime patterns, hotspots, and risk terrains. The second part details the technical steps for analysts to take in using ArcGIS software to develop risk terrain maps. The third and final part presents ideas of how RTM works in strategic and tactical decision-making, particularly within the context of the ACTION model for risk-based intelligence-led policing. With this manual, analysts can produce risk terrain maps that give actionable meaning to the relationships that exist between place-based indicators and crime outcomes. Planners can use this approach to develop strategic models to forecast where crime problems are likely to emerge and to engage in steps that might reduce risks of crime occurring in the future.

Download or read book Risk Terrain Modeling Compendium written by Joel M. Caplan and published by Createspace Independent Pub. This book was released on 2011-07-27 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Risk Terrain Modeling (RTM) is an approach to risk assessment in which separate map layers representing the spatial influence and intensity of a crime risk factor is created in a geographic information system (GIS). Then all map layers are combined to produce a composite risk terrain map with values that account for all risk factors at every place throughout the landscape. RTM builds upon principles of hotspot mapping, environmental criminology, and problem-oriented policing to produce maps that show where conditions are ideal or conducive for crimes to occur given the environmental contexts. RTM is a statistically valid way to articulate and communicate crime-prone areas at the micro-level according to the spatial influence of criminogenic features. The “Risk Terrain Modeling Manual” (2010) presented the theoretical framework and complete steps of RTM. The “Risk Terrain Modeling Compendium” presents applications and concepts of RTM that were not already discussed at length in the RTM Manual. Part 1 presents an overview of risk terrain modeling, explains the history of its development, and discusses techniques for operationalizing spatial influence. Part 2 is a series of literature reviews with risk factors that are known to be related to a variety of crime types. Part 3 demonstrates how RTM may be applied to different crime types and settings, and how it can be used for a variety of practical endeavors, such as forecasting crime or evaluating place-based interventions. Part 4 concludes the book with thought pieces about RTM's potential applications to research, technologies, and activities related to public safety and security.

Download or read book Risk Terrain Modeling Diagnostics Rtmdx Utility User Manual written by Joel M. Caplan and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2013-12 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Risk Terrain Modeling Diagnostics (RTMDx) is a software application for Risk Terrain Modeling (RTM) and for diagnosing spatial crime vulnerabilities. For more information about RTM, visit www.rutgerscps.org. The RTMDx Utility helps to identify and communicate environmental attractors of crime incidents at the micro level. Information products can be used to anticipate places that will be most suitable for illegal behavior, identify where new crime incidents will emerge and/or cluster, develop place-based interventions, strategically and tactically allocate resources, and prioritize efforts to mitigate crime risks.

Download or read book Risk Terrain Modeling written by Joel M. Caplan and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2016-06-28 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Imagine using an evidence-based risk management model that enables researchers and practitioners alike to analyze the spatial dynamics of crime, allocate resources, and implement custom crime and risk reduction strategies that are transparent, measurable, and effective. Risk Terrain Modeling (RTM) diagnoses the spatial attractors of criminal behavior and makes accurate forecasts of where crime will occur at the microlevel. RTM informs decisions about how the combined factors that contribute to criminal behavior can be targeted, connections to crime can be monitored, spatial vulnerabilities can be assessed, and actions can be taken to reduce worst effects. As a diagnostic method, RTM offers a statistically valid way to identify vulnerable places. To learn more, visit http://www.riskterrainmodeling.com and begin using RTM with the many free tutorials and resources.

Download or read book Data Protection and Privacy Under Pressure written by Gert Vermeulen and published by Maklu. This book was released on 2017-12-04 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the Snowden revelations, the adoption in May 2016 of the General Data Protection Regulation and several ground-breaking judgments of the Court of Justice of the European Union, data protection and privacy are high on the agenda of policymakers, industries and the legal research community. Against this backdrop, Data Protection and Privacy under Pressure sheds light on key developments where individuals’ rights to data protection and privacy are at stake. The book discusses the persistent transatlantic tensions around various EU-US data transfer mechanisms and EU jurisdiction claims over non-EU-based companies, both sparked by milestone court cases. Additionally, it scrutinises the expanding control or surveillance mechanisms and interconnection of databases in the areas of migration control, internal security and law enforcement, and oversight thereon. Finally, it explores current and future legal challenges related to big data and automated decision-making in the contexts of policing, pharmaceutics and advertising.

Download or read book Geographies of Behavioural Health Crime and Disorder written by Kim M. Lersch and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-01 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the intersection of place and overall community health thereby focusing on some of the most critical contemporary social problems, including the opioid crisis, suicide, socioeconomic status and ethnicity, mental illness, crime, homelessness, green criminology, and social and environmental justice. Scholars from a variety of disciplines, including geography, sociology, criminology, mental health, social work, and behavioural sciences discuss the importance of geography in our quality of life. Each chapter introduces the reader to an overview of the topic, presents theoretical frameworks and the most recent empirical evidence, and discusses real world policy implications. As such this book is a key resource for researchers, policy makers, and practitioners working in the field.

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Criminological Theory written by Francis T. Cullen and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2013-03-21 with total page 755 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook presents a series of essays that captures not the past of criminology, but where theoretical explanation is headed. The volume is replete with ideas, discussions of substantive topics with salient theoretical implications, and reviews of literatures that illuminate avenues along which theory and research evolve.

Download or read book Risk Based Policing written by Leslie W. Kennedy and published by . This book was released on 2018-10-30 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Risk-based policing is the latest advancement in the long history of policing innovations, where research and planning have combined to manage crime risks, prevent crime, and enhance public safety. In Risk-Based Policing the authors share case studies from different agencies to demonstrate how focusing police resources at risky places, based on smart uses of data and strong analytical work, can address the worst effects of disorder and crime while improving public safety and community relations. Topics include the role of big data; the evolution of modern policing; dealing with high-risk targets; designing, implementing, and evaluating risk-based policing strategies; and the role of multiple stakeholders in risk-based policing. Case studies explore cities such as Colorado Springs, Glendale, Newark, Kansas City, and others. The book also demonstrates how Risk Terrain Modeling (RTM) can be extended to offer a more comprehensive view of prevention and deterrence"--Provided by publisher.

Download or read book Computational Science and Its Applications ICCSA 2022 Workshops written by Osvaldo Gervasi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-07-22 with total page 732 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The eight-volume set LNCS 13375 – 13382 constitutes the proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Science and Its Applications, ICCSA 2022, which was held in Malaga, Spain during July 4 – 7, 2022. The first two volumes contain the proceedings from ICCSA 2022, which are the 57 full and 24 short papers presented in these books were carefully reviewed and selected from 279 submissions. The other six volumes present the workshop proceedings, containing 285 papers out of 815 submissions. These six volumes includes the proceedings of the following workshops: ​ Advances in Artificial Intelligence Learning Technologies: Blended Learning, STEM, Computational Thinking and Coding (AAILT 2022); Workshop on Advancements in Applied Machine-learning and Data Analytics (AAMDA 2022); Advances in information Systems and Technologies for Emergency management, risk assessment and mitigation based on the Resilience (ASTER 2022); Advances in Web Based Learning (AWBL 2022); Blockchain and Distributed Ledgers: Technologies and Applications (BDLTA 2022); Bio and Neuro inspired Computing and Applications (BIONCA 2022); Configurational Analysis For Cities (CA Cities 2022); Computational and Applied Mathematics (CAM 2022), Computational and Applied Statistics (CAS 2022); Computational Mathematics, Statistics and Information Management (CMSIM); Computational Optimization and Applications (COA 2022); Computational Astrochemistry (CompAstro 2022); Computational methods for porous geomaterials (CompPor 2022); Computational Approaches for Smart, Conscious Cities (CASCC 2022); Cities, Technologies and Planning (CTP 2022); Digital Sustainability and Circular Economy (DiSCE 2022); Econometrics and Multidimensional Evaluation in Urban Environment (EMEUE 2022); Ethical AI applications for a human-centered cyber society (EthicAI 2022); Future Computing System Technologies and Applications (FiSTA 2022); Geographical Computing and Remote Sensing for Archaeology (GCRSArcheo 2022); Geodesign in Decision Making: meta planning and collaborative design for sustainable and inclusive development (GDM 2022); Geomatics in Agriculture and Forestry: new advances and perspectives (GeoForAgr 2022); Geographical Analysis, Urban Modeling, Spatial Statistics (Geog-An-Mod 2022); Geomatics for Resource Monitoring and Management (GRMM 2022); International Workshop on Information and Knowledge in the Internet of Things (IKIT 2022); 13th International Symposium on Software Quality (ISSQ 2022); Land Use monitoring for Sustanability (LUMS 2022); Machine Learning for Space and Earth Observation Data (MALSEOD 2022); Building multi-dimensional models for assessing complex environmental systems (MES 2022); MOdels and indicators for assessing and measuring the urban settlement deVElopment in the view of ZERO net land take by 2050 (MOVEto0 2022); Modelling Post-Covid cities (MPCC 2022); Ecosystem Services: nature’s contribution to people in practice. Assessment frameworks, models, mapping, and implications (NC2P 2022); New Mobility Choices For Sustainable and Alternative Scenarios (NEMOB 2022); 2nd Workshop on Privacy in the Cloud/Edge/IoT World (PCEIoT 2022); Psycho-Social Analysis of Sustainable Mobility in The Pre- and Post-Pandemic Phase (PSYCHE 2022); Processes, methods and tools towards RESilient cities and cultural heritage prone to SOD and ROD disasters (RES 2022); Scientific Computing Infrastructure (SCI 2022); Socio-Economic and Environmental Models for Land Use Management (SEMLUM 2022); 14th International Symposium on Software Engineering Processes and Applications (SEPA 2022); Ports of the future - smartness and sustainability (SmartPorts 2022); Smart Tourism (SmartTourism 2022); Sustainability Performance Assessment: models, approaches and applications toward interdisciplinary and integrated solutions (SPA 2022); Specifics of smart cities development in Europe (SPEED 2022); Smart and Sustainable Island Communities (SSIC 2022); Theoretical and Computational Chemistryand its Applications (TCCMA 2022); Transport Infrastructures for Smart Cities (TISC 2022); 14th International Workshop on Tools and Techniques in Software Development Process (TTSDP 2022); International Workshop on Urban Form Studies (UForm 2022); Urban Regeneration: Innovative Tools and Evaluation Model (URITEM 2022); International Workshop on Urban Space and Mobilities (USAM 2022); Virtual and Augmented Reality and Applications (VRA 2022); Advanced and Computational Methods for Earth Science Applications (WACM4ES 2022); Advanced Mathematics and Computing Methods in Complex Computational Systems (WAMCM 2022).

Download or read book New Thinking in GIScience written by Bin Li and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-06-30 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a collection of seminal position essays by leading researchers on new development in Geographic Information Sciences (GIScience), covering a wide range of topics and representing a variety of perspectives. The authors propose enrichments and extensions to the conceptual framework of GIScience; discuss a series of transformational methodologies and technologies for analysis and modeling; elaborate on key issues in innovative approaches to data acquisition and integration, across earth sensing to social sensing; and outline frontiers in application domains, spanning from natural science to humanities and social science, e.g., urban science, land use and planning, social governance, transportation, crime, and public health, just name a few. The book provides an overview of the strategic directions on GIScience research and development. It will benefit researchers and practitioners in the field who are seeking a high-level reference regarding those directions.

Download or read book Investigating and Preventing Crime in the Digital Era written by Lorena Bachmaier Winter and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-10-07 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this book is to delve into the impact of the Information and Communications Technologies in the criminal prevention and investigation, by addressing the state of the art of different measures and its implementation in different legal systems vis à vis the protection of human rights. Yet this research not only pursues a diagnostic goal but furthermore aims at providing a reconstruction of this problematic area in light of modern, human rights-oriented notion of criminal justice. This broadens the scope of this investigation, which encompasses both unprecedented safeguards to traditional, or anyway widely recognized individual rights and the emergence of new rights, such as the right to informational self-determination, and the right to information technology privacy. The book addresses the problems and potentials in the areas of criminal prevention and criminal investigation, taking into account that due to electronic surveillance and the progress in the use of big data for identifying risks, the borders between preventive and investigative e-measures is not clear-cut.

Download or read book Fundamentals of Crime Mapping written by Rebecca Paynich and published by Jones & Bartlett Publishers. This book was released on 2013-03-18 with total page 641 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Second Edition of the popular Fundamentals of Crime Mapping: Principles and Practice walks readers through the research, theories, and history of GIS in law enforcement. This accessible text explains the day-to-day practical application of crime analysis for mapping. Factual data from real crime analysis is included to reflect actual crime patterns, trends, series and what an officer or analyst can expect to see when he or she sits down to analyze and apply concepts learned. Special topics discussed include: an up-to-date discussion of the current crime trends in rural and urban areas, the major ecological theories of crime, the notion of geographic profiling, empirical research using crime mapping tools, basic mapping terminology, and more. New to the Second Edition: • All exercises and examples have been updated to reflect ArcGIS 10.0 and Excel 2010. • Includes a workbook with engaging exercises to offer hands-on application of the material. • All exercises and graphics have been updated to account for ArcGIS 10.0 and Excel 2010, though all exercises and examples for Excel 2007 remain. • Contains a NEW chapter discussing the various types of policing, with an emphasis on the Compstat process, intelligence led policing, and problem-oriented policing.

Download or read book Evidence Based Counterterrorism Policy written by Cynthia Lum and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-11-06 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past eight years, there has been a massive increase in government spending on counterterrorism intervention development and implementation. Given this increase, there are two evidence-based policy questions that are important to address: Is there evidence that any of these programs are effective – in other words, can they be shown to be linked to reducing terrorism, terrorist recruiting, or to improving the response and management of terrorist events? Do these interventions have secondary or collateral effects that may be costly, harmful, illegal, beneficial, or otherwise? As Lum and Kennedy discovered in an evaluation research on counterterrorism interventions, only a minuscule number of empirical studies of terrorism exist and there is an almost complete absence of evaluation research on counter-terrorism strategies. This is startling given the enormous increases in the development and use of counter-terrorism programs, as well as spending on counter-terrorism activity. Even more disconcerting was the nature of the evaluations we did find; some programs were shown to either have no discernible effect on terrorism or lead to increases in terrorism. The emphasis of the need for empirical research in evaluating interventions and informing policy cannot be overstated, and is the primary goal of Evidence-Based Counterterrorism Policy.

Download or read book Translational Criminology and Counterterrorism written by Leslie W. Kennedy and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-08 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This brief focuses on translational criminology practices as they relate to counter-terrorism and homeland security. The work provides a detailed and practical examination of how global threats (such as, terrorism and cybercrime) are managed through local response. It covers emerging strategies in data collection procedures, inter-agency cooperation, and new analytical techniques including risk-terrain modeling. In addition, it presents a common methodology, including steps in risk assessment, risk management, and decision-making, that can be used to frame and analyze global and local threats. The authors examine these issues using examples of how law enforcement responded to specific security threats including the 2013 Boston Marathon bombings, the 2003 terrorist attack in Istanbul, Turkey, and the 2010 Stuxnet attack on the Natanz nuclear facility in Iran. This work expands on existing literature covering the impact that globalization has on cross national threats, drawing on disciplines related to criminology, such as international relations and political science.

Download or read book Criminal Justice Policy written by Stacy L. Mallicoat and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2013-10-15 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Criminal Justice Policy provides a thematic overview of criminal justice policy and its relationship to the American criminal justice system. Scholars, practitioners, and politicians continually debate the value of these policies in their evaluations of the current system. As the nature of this subject involves a host of issues (including politics, public sentiment, research, and practice), the authors expertly highlight these concerns on criminal justice policy and address the implications for the overall system and society at large. This text is organized into three parts: Foundations of criminal justice policy focuses on the role of politics, best practices, and street level bureaucracy in criminal justice policy. Criminal justice policy in action provides an analysis of fifteen different policy issues in criminal justice, such as immigration, drugs, mental health and capital punishment. Each section begins with a basic summary of the policy, accompanied by a brief synopsis of the framing issues. This brief, but informative summary, draws students’ attention to essential concepts and ideas, provides a roadmap for what they can expect to learn, and ensures continuity throughout the text. The text concludes with a discussion about the future directions of criminal justice policy.

Download or read book Digital Terrain Modeling written by Zhilin Li and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-11-29 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by experts, Digital Terrain Modeling: Principles and Methodology provides comprehensive coverage of recent developments in the field. The topics include terrain analysis, sampling strategy, acquisition methodology, surface modeling principles, triangulation algorithms, interpolation techniques, on-line and off-line quality control in data a

Download or read book Analyzing and Visualizing Worldwide Spatial Data written by Leslie Kennedy and published by . This book was released on 2012-09-04 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the impact of globalization and changes in the forces and relations of production, risks are no longer posed in isolation from each other. The intrinsic character of global threats and their low frequency of occurrence pose certain challenges in the operationalization of risk events. In a similar vein, the basic differences between the global risks themselves require analysts to approach each threat using a strategy that combines common methodology with analysis that is unique to each condition. The main intent of this book is to return to the principle that we can understand global crises not just on the basis of knowing what occurred prior to the incident that we are interested in, but also that we can understand the social, economic, political, and physical contexts in which crises occur. We consider the temporal as well as spatial factors that precede, interact with, and follow the incident's occurrence. This book equips the reader with the skills for responding to conceptual and methodological differences, challenges, and novelties of the data analysis process, and demonstrates effective ways to apply mapping techniques and risk terrain modeling methods to transnational data. We use the outbreaks of governmental internal armed conflict to demonstrate an application of risk terrain modeling (RTM) for spatial risk assessment at both the national and sub-national levels on a global extent. RTM can give actionable meaning to the relationships that exist between place-based indicators and damaging outcomes. Planners can use RTM methods to develop strategic models to forecast where problems are likely to emerge and to engage in steps that might reduce risks in the future and, potentially, avert crises altogether.In the first part of this book, we review the risk terrain modeling approach to spatial risk assessment and present a short overview of the theoretical underpinnings of globalization theory. In the second part we detail the technical steps of RTM for analysts to follow using ArcGIS software. In the third and final part, we present ideas about how RTM can be used for strategic and tactical decision-making.