Download or read book RF Pulsed Heating written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: RF pulsed heating is a process by which a metal is heated from magnetic fields on its surface due to high-power pulsed RF. When the thermal stresses induced are larger than the elastic limit, microcracks and surface roughening will occur due to cyclic fatigue. Pulsed heating limits the maximum magnetic field on the surface and through it the maximum achievable accelerating gradient in a normal conducting accelerator structure. An experiment using circularly cylindrical cavities operating in the TE[sub 011] mode at a resonant frequency of 11.424 GHz is designed to study pulsed heating on OFE copper, a material commonly used in normal conducting accelerator structures. The high-power pulsed RF is supplied by an X-band klystron capable of outputting 50 MW, 1.5[micro]s pulses. The test pieces of the cavity are designed to be removable to allow testing of different materials with different surface preparations. A diagnostic tool is developed to measure the temperature rise in the cavity utilizing the dynamic Q change of the resonant mode due to heating. The diagnostic consists of simultaneously exciting a TE[sub 012] mode to steady-state in the cavity at 18 GHz and measuring the change in reflected power as the cavity is heated from high-power pulsed RF. Two experimental runs were completed. One run was executed at a calculated temperature rise of 120 K for 56 x 10[sup 6] pulses. The second run was executed at a calculated temperature rise of 82 K for 86 x 10[sup 6] pulses. Scanning electron microscope pictures show extensive damage occurring in the region of maximum temperature rise on the surface of the test pieces.
Download or read book RF Pulsed Heating written by David Peace Pritzkau and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Experimental Design to Study RF Pulsed Heating written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An experiment to study the effects of RF pulsed heating on copper has been developed at SLAC. The experiment consists of two circularly cylindrical cavities operating in the TE[sub 011] mode at a resonant frequency of 11.424 GHz. These cavities are connected by a magic tee and driven by a 50 MW X-band klystron. Each cavity receives an input pulse of 20 MW with a pulse length of 1.5[micro]s. This input corresponds to a maximum temperature rise of 350 K on the copper surface. The details of the experimental setup will be described.
Download or read book Possible High Power Limitations From RF Pulsed Heating written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the possible limitations to achieving high power in RF structures is damage to metal surfaces due to RF pulsed heating. Such damage may lead to degradation of RF performance. An experiment to study RF pulsed heating on copper has been developed at SLAC. The experiment consists of operating two pillbox cavities in the TE011 mode using a 50 MW X-Band klystron. The estimated temperature rise of the surface of copper is 350 C for a power input of 20 MW to each cavity with a pulse length of 1.5 microseconds. Preliminary results from an experiment performed earlier are presented. A revised design for continued experiments is also presented along with relevant theory and calculations.
Download or read book Experimental Study of RF Pulsed Heating written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cyclic thermal stresses produced by rf pulsed heating can be the limiting factor on the attainable reliable gradients for room temperature linear accelerators. This is especially true for structures that have complicated features for wakefield damping. These limits could be pushed higher by using special types of copper, copper alloys, or other conducting metals in constructing partial or complete accelerator structures. Here we present an experimental study aimed at determining the potential of these materials for tolerating cyclic thermal fatigue due to rf magnetic fields. A special cavity that has no electric field on the surface was employed in these studies. The cavity shape concentrates the magnetic field on one flat surface where the test material is placed. The materials tested in this study have included oxygen free electronic grade copper, copper zirconium, copper chromium, hot isostatically pressed copper, single crystal copper, electroplated copper, Glidcop(reg. sign), copper silver, and silver plated copper. The samples were exposed to different machining and heat treatment processes prior to rf processing. Each sample was tested to a peak pulsed heating temperature of approximately 110 C and remained at this temperature for approximately 10 x 106 rf pulses. In general, the results showed the possibility of pushing the gradient limits due to pulsed heating fatigue by the use of copper zirconium and copper chromium alloys.
Download or read book Experimental Study of RF Pulsed Heating on Oxygen Free Electronic Copper written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When the thermal stresses induced by RF pulsed heating are larger than the elastic limit, microcracks and surface roughening will occur due to cyclic fatigue. Therefore, pulsed heating limits the maximum surface magnetic field and through it the maximum achievable accelerating gradient. An experiment using circularly cylindrical cavities operating in the TE[sub 011] mode at a resonant frequency of 11.424 GHz was designed to study pulsed heating on Oxygen Free Electronic (OFE) copper. An X-band klystron delivered up to 10 MW to the cavities in 1.5[micro]s pulses at 60 Hz repetition rate. One run was executed at a temperature rise of 120 K for 56 x 10[sup 6] pulses. Cracks at grain boundaries, slip bands and cracks associated with these slip bands were observed. The second run consisted of 86 x 10[sup 6] pulses with a temperature rise of 82 K, and cracks at grain boundaries and slip bands were seen. Additional information can be derived from the power-coupling iris, and we conclude that a pulsed temperature rise of 250 K for several million pulses leads to destruction of copper. These results can be applied to any mode of any OFE copper cavity.
Download or read book High Energy Density and High Power RF written by David K. Abe and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-01-04 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the seventh in a series of international workshops on high-power and high-energy density microwave devices for accelerator, plasma physics, and defense applications. The scope of this workshop included accelerators for high energy physics, plasma heating and current drive in controlled thermonuclear fusion research, radar and directed energy/high power microwave systems, THz sources and technologies, and advanced 2D/3D computational tool development.
Download or read book Laser Pulse Heating written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recently, interest has developed in pulsed heating effects on a copper surface [1]. Pulsed heating is one of the limits on the gradient of a structure based linac. The heat generated by an intense rf pulse on the metal surface can result in hundreds of degrees of temperature rise at 1 GeV/m. After a certain number of cycles, the metal may crack due to thermal fatigue and the surface properties may deteriorate. In this article, we describe an experiment to use a high power laser to study the pulsed temperature rise on a metal surface.
Download or read book Electromagnetic Technologies in Food Science written by Vicente M. Gómez-López and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-12-13 with total page 469 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive source of in-depth information provided on existing and emerging food technologies based on the electromagnetic spectrum Electromagnetic Technologies in Food Science examines various methods employed in food applications that are based on the entire electromagnetic (EM) spectrum. Focusing on recent advances and challenges in food science and technology, this is an up-to-date volume that features vital contributions coming from an international panel of experts who have shared both fundamental and advanced knowledge of information on the dosimetry methods, and on potential applications of gamma irradiation, electron beams, X-rays, radio and microwaves, ultraviolet, visible, pulsed light, and more. Organized into four parts, the text begins with an accessible overview of the physics of the electromagnetic spectrum, followed by discussion on the application of the EM spectrum to non-thermal food processing. The physics of infrared radiation, microwaves, and other advanced heating methods are then deliberated in detail—supported by case studies and examples that illustrate a range of both current and potential applications of EM-based methods. The concluding section of the book describes analytical techniques adopted for quality control, such as hyperspectral imaging, infrared and Raman spectroscopy. This authoritative book resource: Covers advanced theoretical knowledge and practical applications on the use of EM spectrum as novel methods in food processing technology Discusses the latest progress in developing quality control methods, thus enabling the control of continuous fast-speed processes Explores future challenges and benefits of employing electromagnetic spectrum in food technology applications Addresses emerging processing technologies related to improving safety, preservation, and overall quality of various food commodities Electromagnetic Technologies in Food Science is an essential reading material for undergraduate and graduate students, researchers, academics, and agri-food professionals working in the area of food preservation, novel food processing techniques and sustainable food production.
Download or read book A One megawatt Pulsed RF Generator for Plasma Heating written by Homer M. Hill and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Laser induced Graphene written by Ruquan Ye and published by . This book was released on 2020-11-30 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: LIG is a revolutionary technique that uses a common CO2 infrared laser scriber, like the one used in any machine shop, for the direct conversion of polymers into porous graphene under ambient conditions. This technique combines the preparation and patterning of 3D graphene in a single step, without the use of wet chemicals. The ease in the structural engineering and excellent mechanical properties of the 3D graphene obtained have made LIG a versatile technique for applications across many fields. This book compiles cutting-edge research on LIG by different research groups all over the world. It discusses the strategies that have been developed to synthesize and engineer graphene, including controlling its properties such as porosity, composition, and surface characteristics. The authors are pioneers in the discovery and development of LIG and the book will appeal to anyone involved in nanotechnology, chemistry, environmental sciences, and device development, especially those with an interest in the synthesis and applications of graphene-based materials.
Download or read book Investigations on rf breakdown phenomenon in high gradient accelerating structures written by Jiahang Shao and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-01-19 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book mainly focuses on the experimental research of rf breakdown and field emission with novel methods, including triggering rf breakdown with high intensity laser and pin-shaped cathodes as well as locating field emitters with a high resolution in-situ imaging system. With these methods, this book has analyzed the power flow between cells during rf breakdown, observed the evolution of field emission during rf conditioning and the dependence of field emission on stored energy, and studied the field emitter distribution and origination. The research findings greatly expand the understanding of rf breakdown and field emission, which will in turn benefit future study into electron sources, particle accelerators, and high gradient rf devices in general.
Download or read book Radio Frequency Heating in Food Processing written by George B. Awuah and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-12-04 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Radio-Frequency Heating in Food Processing: Principles and Applications covers the fundamentals of radio-frequency (RF) heating and the use of RF-heating technologies in modern food processing, preservation, and related industries. Focusing on industrial and lab-scale applications where RF heating has been employed successfully or reported to have
Download or read book Low Frequency RF Heating of Plasmas in a Toroidal Stellarator written by Stephen Noah Golovato and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 620 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Pulse Foods written by Brijesh K. Tiwari and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-11-18 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pulse Foods: Processing, Quality and Nutraceutical Applications, Second Edition, provides up-to-date information on emerging technologies for the processing of whole pulses, techniques for fractionating pulses into ingredients, their functional and nutritional properties, as well as their potential applications, so that the food industry can incorporate pulses into new food products. Since the first edition, significant developments have occurred in various aspects of pulse, pulse chemistry, processing and applications. This second edition provides thorough and authoritative coverage of pulse quality, technology and nutraceutical applications. Pulse Foods: Processing, Quality and Nutraceutical Applications, Second Edition, will continue to be an important resource for academics, students, researchers and industry professionals in providing essential details on various aspects of pulse foods. - Fully revised and updated with new chapters on nutritional and health properties, storage and pre-processing, extraction technologies and sustainability topics - Addresses processing challenges relevant to legume and pulse grain processors - Delivers insights into the current state-of-art and emerging processing technologies - In depth coverage of developments in nutraceutical applications of pulse protein and carbohydrate based foods
Download or read book Principles and Technologies for Electromagnetic Energy Based Therapies written by Punit Prakash and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-12-09 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Principles and Technologies for Electromagnetic Energy Based Therapies covers the theoretical foundations of electromagnetic-energy based therapies, principles for design of practical devices and systems, techniques for in vitro and in vivo testing of devices, and clinical application examples of contemporary therapies employing non-ionizing electromagnetic energy. The book provides in-depth coverage of: pulsed electric fields, radiofrequency heating systems, tumor treating fields, and microwave heating technology. Devices and systems for electrical stimulation of neural and cardiac issue are covered as well. Lastly, the book describes and discusses issues that are relevant to engineers who develop and translate these technologies to clinical applications. Readers can access information on incorporation of preclinical testing, clinical studies and IP protection in this book, along with in-depth technical background for engineers on electromagnetic phenomena within the human body and selected therapies. It covers both engineering and biological/medical materials and gives a full perspective on electromagnetics therapies. Unique features include content on tumor treating fields and the development and translation of biomedical devices. Provides in-depth technical background on electromagnetic energy-based therapies, along with real world examples on how to design devices and systems for delivering electromagnetic energy-based therapies Includes guidance on issues that are relevant for translating the technology to the market, such as intellectual property, regulatory issues, and preclinical testing Companion site includes COMSOL models, MATLAB code, and lab protocols
