Download or read book RF Magnetron Triode Sputtering of CdTe and ZnTe Films and Solar Cells written by Adam Lee Sanford and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The n-CdS/p-CdTe solar cell has been researched for many years now. Research groups use a variety of processes to fabricate thin-film CdS/CdTe cells, including physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition, and RIF diode sputtering. One of the central areas of investigation concerning CdS/CdTe cells is the problem of a Schottky barrier at the back contact. Even cells fabricated with ohmic back contacts degrade into Schottky barriers as the devices are used. This severely degrades power generation. One possible solution is to use p-ZnTe as an interlayer between CdTe and the back contact. ZnTe is easily doped with Cu to be p-type. However, even contacts with this ZnTe interlayer degrade over time, because Cu is highly mobile and diffuses away from the contact towards the CdS/CdTe junction. Another possibility is to dope ZnTe with N. It has been demonstrated using molecular beam epitaxy and RF diode sputtering. In this study, CdTe films are fabricated using a variation of RF diode sputtering called triode sputtering. This technique allows for control of ion bombardment to the substrate during deposition. Also, a higher plasma density near the target is achieved allowing depositions at lower pressures. These films are characterized structurally to show the effects of the various deposition parameters. N-doped ZnTe films are also fabricated using this technique. These films are characterized electrically to show the effects of the various deposition parameters. Also, the effects of post-deposition annealing are observed. It is found that annealing at the right temperature can increase the conductivity of the films by a factor of 3 or more. However, annealing at higher temperatures decreases the conductivity to as low as 12% of the initial conductivity. Finally, RF triode sputtered N-doped ZnTe films are used as an interlayer at the back contact of a CdS/CdTe solar cell. The effects of annealing the device before and after contact deposition are observed. Annealing before depositing contacts results in an increase in V[Subscript oc] of 20mV. Annealing after contact deposition results in a degradation of fill factor over time.
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Commencement written by Iowa State University and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Photovoltaic and Photoactive Materials written by Joseph M. Marshall and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary objective of this NATO Advanced Study Institute (ASI) was to present an up-to-date overview of various current areas of interest in the field of photovoltaic and related photoactive materials. This is a wide-ranging subject area, of significant commercial and environmental interest, and involves major contributions from the disciplines of physics, chemistry, materials, electrical and instrumentation engineering, commercial realisation etc. Therefore, we sought to adopt an inter disciplinary approach, bringing together recognised experts in the various fields while retaining a level of treatment accessible to those active in specific individual areas of research and development. The lecture programme commenced with overviews of the present relevance and historical development of the subject area, plus an introduction to various underlying physical principles of importance to the materials and devices to be addressed in later lectures. Building upon this, the ASI then progressed to more detailed aspects of the subject area. We were also fortunately able to obtain a contribution from Thierry Langlois d'Estaintot of the European Commission Directorate, describing present and future EC support for activities in this field. In addition, poster sessions were held throughout the meeting, to allow participants to present and discuss their current activities. These were supported by what proved to be very effective feedback sessions (special thanks to Martin Stutzmann), prior to which groups of participants enthusiastically met (often in the bar) to identify and agree topics of common interest.
Download or read book Index to IEEE Publications written by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 1476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Physics Briefs written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 1208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Clean Electricity From Photovoltaics written by Mary D Archer and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2001-06-04 with total page 870 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photovoltaic cells provide clean, reversible electrical power from the sun. Made from semiconductors, they are durable, silent in operation and free of polluting emissions. In this book, experts from all sectors of the PV community — materials scientists, physicists, production engineers, economists and environmentalists — give their critical appraisals of where the technology is now and what its prospects are./a
Download or read book The Materials Science of Thin Films written by Milton Ohring and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1992 with total page 744 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prepared as a textbook complete with problems after each chapter, specifically intended for classroom use in universities.
Download or read book Specimen Handling Preparation and Treatments in Surface Characterization written by Alvin W. Czanderna and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1998 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is intended for professionals, researchers, technicians and students who are newcomers to the field as well as those with experience. It will be an important resource in the following fields: surface science, electronic materials and processes, thin film deposition, surface compositional analysis and related topical areas such as corrosion, oxidation, reduction, adsorption, desorption, adhesion, epitaxial growth and contamination. The presentation uses a tutorial and pedagogical approach.
Download or read book Nanotechnology Principles and Practices written by Sulabha K. Kulkarni and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-03 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Given the rapid advances in the field, this book offers an up-to-date introduction to nanomaterials and nanotechnology. Though condensed into a relatively small volume, it spans the whole range of multidisciplinary topics related to nanotechnology. Starting with the basic concepts of quantum mechanics and solid state physics, it presents both physical and chemical synthetic methods, as well as analytical techniques for studying nanostructures. The size-specific properties of nanomaterials, such as their thermal, mechanical, optical and magnetic characteristics, are discussed in detail. The book goes on to illustrate the various applications of nanomaterials in electronics, optoelectronics, cosmetics, energy, textiles and the medical field and discusses the environmental impact of these technologies. Many new areas, materials and effects are then introduced, including spintronics, soft lithography, metamaterials, the lotus effect, the Gecko effect and graphene. The book also explains the functional principles of essential techniques, such as scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning near field optical microscopy (SNOM), Raman spectroscopy and photoelectron microscopy. In closing, Chapter 14, ‘Practicals’, provides a helpful guide to setting up and conducting inexpensive nanotechnology experiments in teaching laboratories.
Download or read book High Efficient Low Cost Photovoltaics written by Vesselinka Petrova-Koch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A bird's-eye view of the developmental trends and problems of recent photovoltaics is presented. The worldwide effort to develop high-efficiency low-cost PV modules, making use of most efficient solar cells and clever low-cost solar concentrators is described.
Download or read book Thin Film Silicon Solar Cells written by Arvind Victor Shah and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-08-19 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photovoltaic technology has now developed to the extent that it is close to fulfilling the vision of a "solar-energy world," as devices based on this technology are becoming efficient, low-cost and durable. This book provides a comprehensive treatment of thin-film silicon, a prevalent PV material, in terms of its semiconductor nature, startin
Download or read book Oxide Semiconductors Volume 1633 written by Steve Durbin and published by Materials Research Society. This book was released on 2014-07-14 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Symposium R, "Oxide Semiconductors" was held December 1-6 at the 2013 MRS Fall Meeting in Boston, Massachusetts. Oxide semiconductors are poised to take a more active role in modern electronics, particularly in the field of thin film transistors. While many advances have been made in terms of our understanding of fundamental optical and electronic characteristics, there remain many questions in terms of defects, doping, and optimal growth/synthesis conditions. This symposium proceedings volume represents recent advances in growth and characterization of a number of different oxide semiconductors, as well as device fabrication.
Download or read book Phosphorene Physical Properties Synthesis and Fabrication written by Yongqing Cai and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-09-16 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first attempt to systematically present the knowledge and research progress of phosphorene, another elemental 2D material that can be exfoliated by mechanical or liquid methods as the intensively studied graphene. The book provides a comprehensive overview of the synthesis, growth, characterization, and applications of phosphorene. It also compiles cutting-edge research in the related field with respect to thermal conduction, transistors, and electrochemical applications and encompasses the intrinsic properties (structural, electronic, defective, and phononic) of phosphorene. This book provides detailed mechanisms of phenomena observed for phosphorene. It will benefit graduate students of physics, chemistry, electrical and electronics engineering, and materials science and engineering; researchers in nanoscience working on phosphorene and similar 2D materials; and engineers and anyone involved in nanotechnology, nanoelectronics, materials preparation, and device fabrication based on layered materials.
Download or read book Ferroelectricity in Doped Hafnium Oxide written by Uwe Schroeder and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2019-03-27 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ferroelectricity in Doped Hafnium Oxide: Materials, Properties and Devices covers all aspects relating to the structural and electrical properties of HfO2 and its implementation into semiconductor devices, including a comparison to standard ferroelectric materials. The ferroelectric and field-induced ferroelectric properties of HfO2-based films are considered promising for various applications, including non-volatile memories, negative capacitance field-effect-transistors, energy storage, harvesting, and solid-state cooling. Fundamentals of ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties, HfO2 processes, and the impact of dopants on ferroelectric properties are also extensively discussed in the book, along with phase transition, switching kinetics, epitaxial growth, thickness scaling, and more. Additional chapters consider the modeling of ferroelectric phase transformation, structural characterization, and the differences and similarities between HFO2 and standard ferroelectric materials. Finally, HfO2 based devices are summarized. - Explores all aspects of the structural and electrical properties of HfO2, including processes, modelling and implementation into semiconductor devices - Considers potential applications including FeCaps, FeFETs, NCFETs, FTJs and more - Provides comparison of an emerging ferroelectric material to conventional ferroelectric materials with insights to the problems of downscaling that conventional ferroelectrics face
Download or read book Semiconductor Devices Physics and Technology written by S. M. Sze and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Thermionic Phenomena written by C. Guy Suits and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thermionic Phenomena is the third volume of the series entitled The Collected Works of Irving Langmuir. This volume compiles articles written during the 1920's and early 1930's, the period when the science of thermionics is beginning to be of importance. This text is divided into two parts. The first part discusses vacuum pumps, specifically examining the effect of space charge and residual gases on thermionic currents in high vacuum. This part also explains fundamental phenomena in electron tubes having tungsten cathodes and the use of high-power vacuum tubes. The second part of this text looks into the electron emission and adsorbed films, specifically studying the relation between contact potentials and electrochemical action and other related topics on electron emission. This publication will be invaluable to those interested in the works of Langmuir, particularly on thermionic phenomena.
