Download or read book Reward Processing in Motivational and Affective Disorders written by Frank Ryan and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-10-11 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Preferential reward processing is the hallmark of addiction, where salient cues become overvalued and trigger compulsion. In depression, rewards appear to lose their incentive properties or become devalued. In the context of schizophrenia, aberrations in neural reward signalling are thought to contribute to the overvaluation of irrelevant stimuli on the one hand and the onset of negative symptoms on the other. Accordingly, reward processing has emerged as a key variable in contemporary, evidence based, diagnostic frameworks, such as the Research Domain Criteria launched by the United States National Institute of Mental Health. Delineation of the underlying mechanisms of aberrant or blunted reward processing can be of trans-diagnostic importance across several neuropsychiatric disorders. Reward processing can become automatic thus raising the question of cognitive control, a core theme of this Topic, which aims at justifying the necessity of reward processing as a potential therapeutic target in clinical settings. Empirical and theoretical contributions on the following themes were expected to: *Explore new avenues of research by investigating the processing of rewards at the cognitive, behavioral, motivational, neural systems and individual difference levels. A developmental focus is promising in this regard, probing the core processes that shape reward processing and thus subsequent liability to motivational and affective disorders. *Develop and refine conceptual models of reward processing from computational neuroscience. *Promote greater understanding and development of emergent therapeutic approaches such as cognitive bias modification and behavioural approach or avoidance training. A key question is the feasibility of reversing or modifying maladaptive patterns of reward processing to therapeutic ends. *Refine and augment the evidential database for tried and tested therapies such as Contingency Management and Behavioral Activation by focusing on core cognitive processes mediating rewards. *Provide a potential dimensional approach for reward processing deficits that can be of trans-diagnostic importance in clinically relevant disorders, including depression and addiction * Investigate the subjective experience of pleasure- the hedonic aspect of reward seeking and consumption – and how this can be distinguished from the motivational, sometimes compulsive, component of reward pursuit. This promises more nuanced and effective interventions. Depression, for instance, could be seen as the restricted pursuit of pleasure rather than blunted pleasure experience; addiction can be viewed as accentuated drug seeking despite diminished consummatory pleasure. This aims to place motivation centre stage in both scenarios, emphasising the transdiagnostic theme of the Topic. *Temporal discounting of future rewards, whereby smaller, more immediate rewards are chosen even when significantly more valuable deferred rewards are available, is another trans-diagnostic phenomenon of interest in the in the present context. Factors that influence this, such as discounting of future reward are thought to reflect compulsion in the addictive context and hopelessness on the part of people experiencing depression. The executive cognitive processes that regulate this decision making are of both scientific and clinical significance. Empirical findings, theoretical contributions or commentaries bearing on cognitive or executive control were therefore welcome.
Download or read book Reward Processing in Motivational and Affective Disorders written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Preferential reward processing is the hallmark of addiction, where salient cues become overvalued and trigger compulsion. In depression, rewards appear to lose their incentive properties or become devalued. In the context of schizophrenia, aberrations in neural reward signalling are thought to contribute to the overvaluation of irrelevant stimuli on the one hand and the onset of negative symptoms on the other. Accordingly, reward processing has emerged as a key variable in contemporary, evidence based, diagnostic frameworks, such as the Research Domain Criteria launched by the United States National Institute of Mental Health. Delineation of the underlying mechanisms of aberrant or blunted reward processing can be of trans-diagnostic importance across several neuropsychiatric disorders. Reward processing can become automatic thus raising the question of cognitive control, a core theme of this Topic, which aims at justifying the necessity of reward processing as a potential therapeutic target in clinical settings. Empirical and theoretical contributions on the following themes were expected to: *Explore new avenues of research by investigating the processing of rewards at the cognitive, behavioral, motivational, neural systems and individual difference levels. A developmental focus is promising in this regard, probing the core processes that shape reward processing and thus subsequent liability to motivational and affective disorders. *Develop and refine conceptual models of reward processing from computational neuroscience. *Promote greater understanding and development of emergent therapeutic approaches such as cognitive bias modification and behavioural approach or avoidance training. A key question is the feasibility of reversing or modifying maladaptive patterns of reward processing to therapeutic ends. *Refine and augment the evidential database for tried and tested therapies such as Contingency Management and Behavioral Activation by focusing on core cognitive processes mediating rewards. *Provide a potential dimensional approach for reward processing deficits that can be of trans-diagnostic importance in clinically relevant disorders, including depression and addiction * Investigate the subjective experience of pleasure- the hedonic aspect of reward seeking and consumption - and how this can be distinguished from the motivational, sometimes compulsive, component of reward pursuit. This promises more nuanced and effective interventions. Depression, for instance, could be seen as the restricted pursuit of pleasure rather than blunted pleasure experience; addiction can be viewed as accentuated drug seeking despite diminished consummatory pleasure. This aims to place motivation centre stage in both scenarios, emphasising the transdiagnostic theme of the Topic. *Temporal discounting of future rewards, whereby smaller, more immediate rewards are chosen even when significantly more valuable deferred rewards are available, is another trans-diagnostic phenomenon of interest in the in the present context. Factors that influence this, such as discounting of future reward are thought to reflect compulsion in the addictive context and hopelessness on the part of people experiencing depression. The executive cognitive processes that regulate this decision making are of both scientific and clinical significance. Empirical findings, theoretical contributions or commentaries bearing on cognitive or executive control were therefore welcome.
Download or read book Behavioral Neuroscience of Motivation written by Eleanor H. Simpson and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-11 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume covers the current status of research in the neurobiology of motivated behaviors in humans and other animals in healthy condition. This includes consideration of the psychological processes that drive motivated behavior and the anatomical, electrophysiological and neurochemical mechanisms which drive these processes and regulate behavioural output. The volume also includes chapters on pathological disturbances in motivation including apathy, or motivational deficit as well as addictions, the pathological misdirection of motivated behavior. As with the chapters on healthy motivational processes, the chapters on disease provide a comprehensive up to date review of the neurobiological abnormalities that underlie motivation, as determined by studies of patient populations as well as animal models of disease. The book closes with a section on recent developments in treatments for motivational disorders.
Download or read book Temporal Dynamics of Reward Processing in Humans From Anticipation to Consummation written by Ya Zheng and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-10-12 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Download or read book Dimensional Psychopathology written by Massimo Biondi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-05-30 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents an innovative approach to clinical assessment in psychiatry based on a number of psychopathological dimensions with a presumed underlying pathophysiology, that are related to fundamental phenomenological aspects and lie on a continuum from normality to pathology. It is described how the evaluation of these dimensions with a specific, validated rapid assessment instrument could easily integrate and enrich the classical diagnostic DSM-5 or ICD-10 assessment. The supplemental use of this dimensional approach can better capture the complexity underlying current categories of mental illness. The findings from a large patient sample suggest how this assessment could give a first glance at how variable and multifaceted the psychopathological components within a single diagnostic category can be, and thereby optimise diagnosis and treatment choices. Being short and easy to complete, this dimensional assessment can be done in a busy clinical setting, during an ordinary psychiatric visit, and in an acute clinical context, with limited effort by a minimally trained clinician. Therefore, it provides interesting and useful information without additional costs, and allows research work to be performed even in difficult settings.
Download or read book Mindfulness oriented Recovery Enhancement for Addiction Stress and Pain written by Eric L. Garland and published by NASW Press. This book was released on 2013 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Human existence can be beset by a variety of negative mental states such that life seems devoid of meaning, but it can also be liberated--a meaningful life reclaimed and savored through cultivation of a higher kind of mind. This quality, mindfulness, refers to both a set of contemplative practices and certain distinct psychological states and traits, and it can be cultivated through intentional effort and training. In Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement for Addiction, Stress, and Pain, Eric L. Garland presents an innovative program of intervention that can be put into practice by therapists working with people struggling with addiction and the conditions that underlie it. Unlike other substance abuse treatment modalities, which focus largely on relapse prevention, Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement (MORE) concentrates on helping people to recover a sense of meaning and fulfillment in everyday life, embracing its pleasures and pain without avoiding challenges by turning to substance use. Along with chapters on the bipsychosocial model underlying MORE and the current state of research on mindfulness, this book includes a complete treatment manual laying out for clinicians, step by step, how to run MORE groups--including adaptations to address chronic pain and prescription opioid misuse-- and enhance the holistic recovery process for people striving to overcome addiction. With addiction a widespread and growing problem in our society, Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement could not be more timely or needed. It integrates the latest research on addiction, cognitive neuroscience, positive psychology, and mindfulness into a practice that has garnered empirical support and holds the promise of release and fulfillment for those who suffer from addiction."--Publisher's website.
Download or read book Neurobiology of Sensation and Reward written by Jay A. Gottfried and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2011-03-28 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Synthesizing coverage of sensation and reward into a comprehensive systems overview, Neurobiology of Sensation and Reward presents a cutting-edge and multidisciplinary approach to the interplay of sensory and reward processing in the brain. While over the past 70 years these areas have drifted apart, this book makes a case for reuniting sensation a
Download or read book Social and Non Social Reward Neural Mechanisms Implicated in Reward Processing Across Domains and Contexts written by Johanna M. Jarcho and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-08-21 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Positive Emotion and Psychopathology written by June Gruber and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-09-05 with total page 992 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Considerable research has been devoted to understanding how positive emotional processes influence our thoughts and behaviors, and the resulting body of work clearly indicates that positive emotion is a vital ingredient in our human quest towards well-being and thriving. Yet the role of positive emotion in psychopathology has been underemphasized, such that comparatively less scientific attention has been devoted to understanding ways in which positive emotions might influence and be influenced by psychological disturbance. Presenting cutting-edge scientific work from an internationally-renowned group of contributors, The Oxford Handbook of Positive Emotion and Psychopathology provides unparalleled insight into the role of positive emotions in mental health and illness. The book begins with a comprehensive overview of key psychological processes that link positive emotional experience and psychopathological outcomes. The following section focuses on specific psychological disorders, including depression, anxiety, trauma, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia, as well as developmental considerations. The third and final section of the Handbook discusses translational implications of this research and how examining populations characterized by positive emotion disturbance enables a better understanding of psychiatric course and risk factors, while simultaneously generating opportunities to bridge gaps between basic science models and psychosocial interventions. With its rich and multi-layered focus, The Oxford Handbook of Positive Emotion and Psychopathology will be of interest to researchers, teachers, and students from a range of disciplines, including social psychology, clinical psychology and psychiatry, biological psychology and health psychology, affective science, and neuroscience.
Download or read book Recent Developments in Neuroimaging in Mood Disorders written by Jigar Jogia and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-03-07 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mood disorders, such as depression and bipolar disorder, are a global public health problem because of their high prevalence, chronicity, and recurrence throughout the lifespan as well as increased risk of mortality. These disorders are often associated with anatomical and functional brain alterations. In the last few decades, brain imaging research has made it possible to investigate these alternations in patients with neuropsychiatric illnesses. In particular, novel neuroimaging methods (e.g., structural/functional magnetic resonance imaging), have allowed researchers to further understand both anatomical and functional deficits in patients with mood disorders.
Download or read book Psychiatric Disorders written by Dieter Schoepf and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2013-05-22 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Affective disorders are a subject of interest to clinicians for more than a century. The awareness of an urgent need for an evidence-based “personalized” approach of treatment is growing in the field of psychiatry. This book brings together leading experts to create a volume of equal interest and usefulness to students, clinicians and researchers alike, which should serve as common knowledge. Specific themes of major depression, bipolar disorder, and schizoaffective disorder are critically reviewed, addressing topics such as neurobiological mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis, treatment resistant depression, translational research and challenging stigma of serious mental illness. Particular emphasis is put on novel developments in Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and on attention to causal mechanisms of behaviour change in the Cognitive Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy.
Download or read book Motivation Effort and the Neural Network Model written by Theodore Wasserman and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-10-27 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our understanding of how the human brain operates and completes its essential tasks continues is fundamentally altered from what it was ten years ago. We have moved from an understanding based on the modularity of key structural components and their specialized functions to an almost diametrically opposed, highly integrated neural network model, based on a vertically organized brain dependent on small world hub principles. This new understanding completely changes how we understand essential psychological constructs such as motivation. Network modeling posits that motivation is a construct that describes a modified aspect of the operation of the human learning system that is specifically designed to cause a person to pursue a goal. Anthropologically and developmentally, these goals were initially basic, including things like food, shelter and reproduction. Over the course of time and development they develop into a complex web of extrinsic and then intrinsic goals, objectives and values. The core for all of this development is the inborn flight or fight reaction has been modified over time by a combination of inborn human temperamental characteristics and life experiences. This process of modification is, in part, based on the operation of a network based error-prediction network working in concert with the reward network to produce a system of ever evolving valuations of goals and objectives. These valuations are never truly fixed. They are constantly evolving, being modified and shaped by experience. The error prediction network and learning related networks work in concert with the limbic system to allow affect laden experiences to inform the process of valuation. These networks, operating in concert, produce a cognitive process we call motivation. Like most networks, the motivation system of networks is recruited when the task demands of the situation require them. Understanding motivation from this perspective has profound implications for many scientific disciplines in general and psychology in specific. Psychologically, this new understanding will alter how we understand client behavior in therapy and when being evaluated. This new understanding will provide direction for new therapeutic intervention for a variety of disorders of mental health. It will also inform testing practices concerning the evaluation of effort and malingering. This book is not a project in reductionism. It is the polar opposite. A neural network understanding of the operation of the human brain allows for the integration of what has come before into a comprehensive and integrated model. It will likely provide the basis for future research for years to come.
Download or read book Positive Affect Treatment for Depression and Anxiety written by Michelle G. Craske and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2022 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book culminates a career-long search for justice. I felt it important to understand what it is and where it came from as a feature of human society, of human life. I wound up in a department of education, perhaps quite fortuitously, for education enabled me to examine how experiences of justice or injustice in various educational settings shape children and young people's values, behaviors, and chances for living a decent future life"--
Download or read book Oxford Textbook of Sleep Disorders written by Sudhansu Chokroverty and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 561 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There has been a rapid global increase in the number of individuals making sleep medicine their career, resulting in an explosive growth in the number of sleep centres and programmes, as well as an increasing number of sleep societies and journals. Part of the Oxford Textbooks in Clinical Neurology series, the Oxford Textbook of Sleep Disorders covers the rapid advances in scientific, technical, clinical, and therapeutic aspects of sleep medicine which have captivated sleep scientists and clinicians. This text aims to introduce sleep disorders within the context of classical neurological diseases, giving an in-depth coverage of the topic in a logical and orderly way, while emphasizing the practical aspects in a succinct and lucid manner. Divided into 12 sections, this book begins by discussing the basic science (Section 1), before moving onto the laboratory evaluation (Section 2) and the clinical science (Section 3). The remainder of the book focuses on specific sleep disorders (Sections 4-12), from insomnias and parasomnias to sleep neurology and sleep and psychiatric disorders. Chapters are supplemented by tables, case reports, and illustrations intended to succinctly provide relevant information in a practical manner for diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders, while always emphasizing clinical-behavioural-laboratory correlations.
Download or read book Clinical Handbook for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pediatric Mood Disorders written by Manpreet Kaur Singh, M.D., M.S. and published by American Psychiatric Pub. This book was released on 2019-05-17 with total page 606 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an authoritative and contemporary guide to the assessment and management of childhood-onset mood disorder.
Download or read book Child Psychopathology written by Eric J. Mash and published by Guilford Publications. This book was released on 2014-07-15 with total page 1026 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This highly respected reference and text on developmental psychopathology brings together leading authorities on the psychological, biological, and social-contextual determinants of child and adolescent problems. The comprehensive introductory chapter provides a state-of-the-art developmental--systems framework for understanding behavioral and emotional disturbances. Subsequent chapters synthesize the developmental bases of specific disorders. The characteristics, epidemiology, developmental course and outcomes, and etiological pathways of each disorder are described, as are risk and protective factors and issues in conceptualization and diagnosis. Important unanswered questions are identified and implications for treatment and prevention considered. New to This Edition *Includes DSM-5 criteria and discussion of changes. *Incorporates over a decade's worth of research advances in genetics, neurobiology, and other areas. *Chapters on bipolar disorder, suicide/self-injury, obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.
Download or read book Child Psychopathology Third Edition written by Eric J. Mash and published by Guilford Publications. This book was released on 2014-07-01 with total page 1026 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This highly respected reference and text on developmental psychopathology brings together leading authorities on the psychological, biological, and social-contextual determinants of child and adolescent problems. The comprehensive introductory chapter provides a state-of-the-art developmental-systems framework for understanding behavioral and emotional disturbances. Subsequent chapters synthesize the developmental bases of specific disorders. Coverage includes the characteristics, epidemiology, developmental course and outcomes, and etiological pathways of each disorder; risk and protective factors; and issues in conceptualization and diagnosis. Important unanswered questions are identified and implications for treatment and prevention considered. New to This Edition *Includes DSM-5 criteria and discussion of changes. *Incorporates over a decade's worth of research advances in genetics, neurobiology, and other areas. *Chapters on bipolar disorder, suicide/self-injury, obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders, and personality disorders.
