Download or read book Revenue Population and Competitive Balance in Major League Baseball written by E. Gustafson and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This article examines the impact of hometown market size on competitive balance in Major League Baseball. We use a four-equation simultaneous model of win percent, team payroll, team total revenue, and team local revenue in order to avoid simultaneity bias in the estimates. Using two-stage least squares, our results show that consolidated metropolitan statistical area population does have a statistically significant positive impact on local revenue. This leads to increased payroll, which has a significantly positive, but small, impact on win percent. Specifically, the estimated impact of an additional one million in population ranges from 0.233 to 1.126 additional wins per season.
Download or read book Free Agency and Competitive Balance in Baseball written by Ronald W. Cox and published by McFarland. This book was released on 2005-11-29 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As early as the 1880s, baseball owners and sportswriters were decrying the greediness of players as the leading threat to the national pastime. Nearly a century later in 1976, the Player's Association was able to finally tear down baseball's permanent reserve clause--the contract language that essentially bound a player to a single team until he was released or traded--and owners and sportswriters again insisted that the competitive balance of the game was threatened by player greed. The rhetoric from the baseball establishment did not match the on-field reality. From 1981 to 1993, the first significant era of free agency in the sport's history, all 12 of the National League's teams finished first at least once, as did 11 American League teams. From 1994 through 2001, however, there was a pronounced separation in strength between the haves and have-nots, as the local revenue streams of major markets such as New York and Boston overwhelmed the capabilities of small market franchises in such cities as Tampa, Montreal, and Milwaukee. This work examines how the sport has prospered and suffered during the free agency era, based in large part on how the game's various revenue streams are allocated. It further examines the revenue sharing plan in baseball's current collective bargaining agreement, identifying flaws that may well undermine its long-term effectiveness. It also explores how the baseball expertise of some organizations has allowed them to flourish despite the lack of revenue.
Download or read book Revenue Sharing Competitive Balance and Incentives in Major League Baseball written by William Ryan Colby and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Striving for Competitive Balance in Major League Baseball written by Blair Hillen and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sports Economics written by Roger D. Blair and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-12-12 with total page 555 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sports Economics, the most comprehensive textbook in the field by celebrated economist Roger D. Blair, focuses primarily on the business and economics aspects of major professional sports and the NCAA. It employs the basic principles of economics to address issues such as the organization of leagues, pricing, advertising and broadcasting as well as the labor market in sports. Among its novel features is the candid coverage of the image and integrity of players, teams, managers and the leagues themselves, including cases of gambling, cheating, misconduct and steroids. Blair explains how economic decisions are made under conditions of uncertainty using the well-known expected utility model and makes extensive use of present value concepts to analyze investment decisions. Numerous examples are drawn from the daily press. The text offers ample boxes to illustrate sports themes, as well as extensive use of diagrams, tables, problem sets and research questions.
Download or read book Handbook of Sports Economics Research written by John Fizel and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-05 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The wealth of data available on sports makes the industry a singular laboratory for observing economic and business behavior and theory. This unique reference on sports economics research provides a detailed perspective on the current state of the discipline. Covering both team and individual sports that include tennis, golf, and motor racing, the handbook explores what we know, what we do not know, what is stable, what is changing, what is certain, and what is controversial in sports economics. The expert contributors address issues in particular sports or comparisons among sports along major topics such as revenue and costs, labor markets, market structure, market outcomes, and public policy.
Download or read book Baseball s Revenue Gap written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Antitrust, Business Rights, and Competition and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Payroll Disparity Among Major League Baseball Teams written by Sarah Holtschneider and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There has been an inequality in payroll among Major League Baseball teams for many years that became increasingly evident in the late 1990s. Revenue disparities among teams cause a competitive imbalance for the league and make it harder for small-market teams to compete with large-market teams with much higher payrolls. MLB has attempted to alleviate this disparity, but the implementation of revenue sharing and the competitive balance tax alone is not enough for small-market clubs to build a competitive team. There are a number of ways that small-market clubs can build a competitive team despite limited resources, including employing the moneyball hypothesis, quantifying market inefficiencies, utilizing the team’s farm system, taking advantage of trade opportunities, and making intelligent contract decisions.
Download or read book Relocating Teams and Expanding Leagues in Professional Sports written by Frank P. Jozsa and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 1999-08-30 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the business of professional league sports, market conditions are the key determinate of the financial success or failure of a team. In the last few years, major league sports has experienced both growth into new markets and relocations of existing teams. Owners and the leagues use demographics, economic data, and governmental support to decide on where and when to expand and relocate. This book examines the sports business from 1950 through 2000. Historical demographic, economic, and team-related data provide the context. The authors apply metropolitan area statistics such as population growth and income, game attendance, and estimated market values to examine the business decisions made by individual teams in professional baseball, football, and basketball. The book looks at specific teams in terms of their long-term viability as a franchise and ranks their performances in economic and business terms. It also examines the related issues of taxpayer subsidies for new venues and the economic impact of professional sports on cities and regions. The book is a fascinating and comprehensive look at the business of sports and its place in American society, business, and economics.
Download or read book Diamonds Are Forever written by Paul Sommers and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2010-12-01 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As every American knows, our nation's favorite pastime is also big business. The last fifteen years have been exceptionally good to the business of baseball-with the growth in fan attendance, the spread of cable television, the burgeoning interest in cards and other baseball memorabilia, the historical appreciation of franchise values, the emergence of a powerful players' union, and average salaries that are almost twenty times their pre-1976 levels. Yet at this time of prosperity, major economic issues trouble the sport: the threat of franchise relocation, the continual flash points in collective bargaining, the growing commercialization of the game, the club owners' collusive response to free agency, lingering concerns of race discrimination, and the arguably tenuous link between player pay and performance. This fascinating book examines these and other major issues and assesses their probable impact on the business of baseball. Contributors begin by examining the effect of the reserve clause on competitive league balance. They then investigate whether prior experience with the salary arbitration process affects player demands in subsequent settlements and compare salary differences between ineligible and arbitration-eligible players. They consider the role of the baseball fan as contributor to team winning, as season ticket purchase, and as card-collecting hobbyist. Diamonds Are Forever also looks at the link between player pay and performance. The authors question whether such high salaries are actually earned by players or are instead awarded by owners eager to have "the winning team." They also discuss the growth in unequal distribution of salaries among players. In the last section, the authors look at racial discrimination in baseball and the influence of a team's racial composition on salaries. From Babe Ruth to Nolan Ryan, Doubleday to Skydome, baseball cards to Homer Hankies, the nation has been enthralled for decades with the business of baseball. Although the authors look to the future and consider changes that might occur in this profitable pastime, they assure that diamonds are forever.
Download or read book Major League Losers written by Mark S. Rosentraub and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The word "losers" on the dust jacket cover has the dollar sign in place of the letter "s."
Download or read book Checks and Imbalances written by Scott Barzilla and published by McFarland. This book was released on 2002-01-01 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Major League Baseball, like so many other professional sports, is not free of the unequal distribution of wealth, talent and other factors that allow for a continued David and Goliath scenario between the teams. The competitive balance between teams is a major factor in determining which teams will make it to the World Series and which will not. This problem of balance has grown ever larger as Major League Baseball has grown. As more money for teams, higher salaries for players, longer seasons with many more games played, free agency, farm league training, and other aspects of the game developed, the issue of competitive balance has become more pronounced. It deserves attention when discussing past and future World Series champions and the current reigning teams of Major League Baseball. This history covers competitive balance in Major League Baseball from 1900 through 1999. It is organized into four parts: statistics, dynasties, anti-dynasties, and factors of imbalance. The last part pays special attention to three primary factors: Cinderella status, player development, and economics. Several possible solutions to these problematic factors are analyzed and critiqued.
Download or read book Baseball s Revenue Gap written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Antitrust, Business Rights, and Competition and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Many Dimensions of Competitive Balance and the Attendance of Major League Baseball written by Xinrong Lei and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research proposed a set of measures of Competitive Balance which aims to address three dimensions of Competitive Balance: Closeness, Dominance and Consistency. Longitudinal MLB data is used for empirical evaluation purpose. The matched pair of teams is used as the basic research object in this study, and the growth model is applied to analyze the relationship between game attendances and the proposed measures of Competitive Balance. Research confirmed that Competitive Balance is multidimensional, and not every dimension of Competitive Balance is correlated with game attendance. Fans prefer changes, and they are not attracted by consecutive wins or losses. Rather fans are more like to go to games that can potentially affect teams0́9 standings in their divisions or league. Fans show no specific preferences to upset games.
Download or read book The Economics of Sport written by Robert Sandy and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2017-03-14 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text, by three distinguished authors, applies the theories and techniques of economic analysis to sport and topics related to the business of sport. It builds on a basis of introductory microeconomics and continues the discussion, generally at an intermediate standard. The text has an international perspective, primarily the US, Canada, Europe and Australia, and contains relevant and entertaining case studies. The text suits both undergradute and postgraduate students in that while it provides a clear progression of topics throughout, it also incorporates optional sections in each chapters of a higher and more challenging level.
Download or read book Structural Change in MLB Competitive Balance written by Young Hoon Lee and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: No detectable break points in within-season competitive balance (1901-99) occur after 1937 in the National League or after 1962 in the American League, despite expansion, free agency, and the growth of local TV revenue disparity since then. Instead, a continual improvement in competitive balance has occurred since those years. Associated with break points prior to these years, (1) the AL emerged from the depression much more unbalanced than the NL, (2) team movement and league expansion alter balance in well-known ways, and (3) discriminatory preferences were stronger in larger-revenue markets than in smaller-revenue markets in both leagues. (JEL C32, L83).
Download or read book The Business of Sports written by Scott Rosner and published by Jones & Bartlett Publishers. This book was released on 2011 with total page 792 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Business of Sports, Second Edition is a comprehensive collection of readings that focus on the multibillion-dollar sports industry and the dilemmas faced by todays sports business leaders. It contains a dynamic set of readings to provide a complete overview of major sports business issues. The Second Edition covers professional, Olympic, and collegiate sports, and highlights the major issues that impact each of these broad categories. The Second Edition continue to provide insight from a variety of stakeholders in the industry and cover the major business disciplines of management, marketing, finance, information technology, accounting, ethics and law. In addition, it features concise introductions, targeted discussion questions, and graphs and tables to convey relevant financial data and other statistics discussed. This book is designed for current and future sports business leaders as well as those interested in the inner-workings of the industry.
