Download or read book Increasing Returns to Scale written by Tim Walshaw and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2014-05-01 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers you a very good way to invest profitably in good companies in the long term, and furthermore avoid losses by investing in bad ones. Its basic message is that if you invest in a company with increasing returns to scale, economic theory states that the company MUST be profitable; and furthermore, you are (almost) guaranteed an increased profit in the next period. If profits increase, share prices should also increase over the medium to long term. This is also a very simple method, not requiring complex methodology, or reliance on 'tips' or 'stories'. You can do it yourself over a few minutes each week. What is this magic method? It is a simple technique drawn from the theory of Economics, called 'Returns to Scale'. Your aim is to invest in firms with Increasing Returns to Scale, and avoid investing in firms with Decreasing Returns to Scale, or worse still (and there are too many of these) Negative Returns to Scale.
Download or read book Evolutionary Spatial Economics written by Miroslav N. Jovanović and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2020-01-31 with total page 789 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A crucial question in contemporary economics concerns where economic activities will locate and relocate themselves in the future. This comprehensive, innovative book applies an evolutionary framework to spatial economics, arguing against the prevailing neoclassical equilibrium model, providing important concrete and theoretical insights, and illuminating areas of future enquiry.
Download or read book Returns To Scale written by Fouad Sabry and published by One Billion Knowledgeable. This book was released on 2024-02-04 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is Returns To Scale In the field of economics, the concept of returns to scale is a concept that emerges within the setting of the production function of a company. It provides an explanation for the long-term relationship between increases in output (production) and accompanying increases in inputs. How you will benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Returns to scale Chapter 2: Economies of scale Chapter 3: Growth accounting Chapter 4: Elasticity (economics) Chapter 5: Marginal cost Chapter 6: Cobb-Douglas production function Chapter 7: Production-possibility frontier Chapter 8: Production function Chapter 9: Average cost Chapter 10: Marginal product Chapter 11: Diminishing returns Chapter 12: Isoquant Chapter 13: Output elasticity Chapter 14: Cost curve Chapter 15: Production set Chapter 16: Constant elasticity of substitution Chapter 17: Supply (economics) Chapter 18: Production (economics) Chapter 19: Marginal product of capital Chapter 20: Risk premium Chapter 21: Marginal product of labor (II) Answering the public top questions about returns to scale. (III) Real world examples for the usage of returns to scale in many fields. Who this book is for Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of Returns To Scale.
Download or read book Increasing Returns and Path Dependence in the Economy written by W. Brian Arthur and published by University of Michigan Press. This book was released on 1994 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pioneering work on an important new approach to economics.
Download or read book Advances in DEA Theory and Applications written by Kaoru Tone and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-04-12 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A key resource and framework for assessing the performance of competing entities, including forecasting models Advances in DEA Theory and Applications provides a much-needed framework for assessing the performance of competing entities with special emphasis on forecasting models. It helps readers to determine the most appropriate methodology in order to make the most accurate decisions for implementation. Written by a noted expert in the field, this text provides a review of the latest advances in DEA theory and applications to the field of forecasting. Designed for use by anyone involved in research in the field of forecasting or in another application area where forecasting drives decision making, this text can be applied to a wide range of contexts, including education, health care, banking, armed forces, auditing, market research, retail outlets, organizational effectiveness, transportation, public housing, and manufacturing. This vital resource: Explores the latest developments in DEA frameworks for the performance evaluation of entities such as public or private organizational branches or departments, economic sectors, technologies, and stocks Presents a novel area of application for DEA; namely, the performance evaluation of forecasting models Promotes the use of DEA to assess the performance of forecasting models in a wide area of applications Provides rich, detailed examples and case studies Advances in DEA Theory and Applications includes information on a balanced benchmarking tool that is designed to help organizations examine their assumptions about their productivity and performance.
Download or read book The Return to Increasing Returns written by James M. Buchanan and published by University of Michigan Press. This book was released on 1994 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Makes available important articles on increasing returns as related to the size of the economy
Download or read book Handbook of Production Economics written by Subhash C. Ray and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-06-02 with total page 1797 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This three-volume handbook includes state-of-the-art surveys in different areas of neoclassical production economics. Volumes 1 and 2 cover theoretical and methodological issues only. Volume 3 includes surveys of empirical applications in different areas like manufacturing, agriculture, banking, energy and environment, and so forth.
Download or read book Profitability Mechanization and Economies of Scale written by Dudley Jackson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-10-03 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1998, this book introduces a new concept of profitability, called the 'efficiency rate of profit', which is defined as the ratio between the unit net margin and the unit capital requirement and shows how the efficiency rate of profit may be used in the assessment of mechanization and economies of scale. The book also shows how the efficiency rate of profit relates to the financial opportunity cost of investment, thus resolving the long-standing controversy over 'interest as a cost'. Using real-world plant-level data, the book explains fully the process of mechanization, how increasing returns to scale works at the plant level through power rule relating plant or equipment cost to capacity and how and why it is more cost effective to combine mechanization with expanding the scale of production in one combined 'package' of efficiency improvement.
Download or read book Theory of Cost and Production Functions written by Ronald William Shephard and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2015-03-08 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A sequel to his frequently cited Cost and Production Functions (1953), this book offers a unified, comprehensive treatment of these functions which underlie the economic theory of production. The approach is axiomatic for a definition of technology, by mappings of input vectors into subsets of output vectors that represent the unconstrained technical possibilities of production. To provide a completely general means of characterizing a technology, an alternative to the production function, called the Distance Function, is introduced. The duality between cost function and production function is developed by introducing a cost correspondence, showing that these two functions are given in terms of each other by dual minimum problems. The special class of production structures called Homothetic is given more general definition and extended to technologies with multiple outputs. Originally published in 1971. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Download or read book Returns to scale when production is a probability Working Paper 665 written by Kerk L. Phillips and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Unscaled written by Hemant Taneja and published by PublicAffairs. This book was released on 2018-03-27 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unscaled identifies the forces that are reshaping the global economy and turning one of the fundamental laws of business and society--the economies of scale--on its head. An innovative trend combining technology with economics is unraveling behemoth industries--including corporations, banks, farms, media conglomerates, energy systems, governments, and schools-that have long dominated business and society. Size and scale have become a liability. A new generation of upstarts is using artificial intelligence to automate tasks that once required expensive investment, and "renting" technology platforms to build businesses for hyper-focused markets, enabling them to grow big without the bloat of giant organizations. In Unscaled, venture capitalist Hemant Taneja explains how the unscaled phenomenon allowed Warby Parker to cheaply and easily start a small company, build a better product, and become a global competitor in no time, upending entrenched eyewear giant Luxottica. It similarly enabled Stripe to take on established payment processors throughout the world, and Livongo to help diabetics control their disease while simultaneously cutting the cost of treatment. The unscaled economy is remaking massive, deeply rooted industries and opening up fantastic possibilities for entrepreneurs, imaginative companies, and resourceful individuals. It can be the model for solving some of the world's greatest problems, including climate change and soaring health-care costs, but will also unleash new challenges that today's leaders must address.
Download or read book Returns to capital in microenterprises evidence from a field experiment written by Christopher Woodruff, David McKenzie, Suresh de Mel and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2007 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Small and informal firms account for a large share of employment in developing countries. The rapid expansion of microfinance services is based on the belief that these firms have productive investment opportunities and can enjoy high returns to capital if given the opportunity. However, measuring the return to capital is complicated by unobserved factors such as entrepreneurial ability and demand shocks, which are likely to be correlated with capital stock. The authors use a randomized experiment to overcome this problem and to measure the return to capital for the average microenterprise in their sample, regardless of whether they apply for credit. They accomplish this by providing cash and equipment grants to small firms in Sri Lanka, and measuring the increase in profits arising from this exogenous (positive) shock to capital stock. After controlling for possible spillover effects, the authors find the average real return to capital to be 5.7 percent a month, substantially higher than the market interest rate. They then examine the heterogeneity of treatment effects to explore whether missing credit markets or missing insurance markets are the most likely cause of the high returns. Returns are found to vary with entrepreneurial ability and with measures of other sources of cash within the household, but not to vary with risk aversion or uncertainty.
Download or read book Returns to Scale when Production is a Probability written by Kerk Layne Phillips and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Evaluation of Neutral Trade Policy Incentives Under Increasing Returns to Scale written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Economies of Scale Transport Costs and Location written by George Norman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1979-10-31 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The presence of nonconvexities does severe damage to conventional theories of the firm and of the individual. The essential contribution of location theory, however, is in a world in which there are such nonconvexities. If resources are distributed evenly and the usual convexity assumptions made, then economic activity would be distributed evenly; there would be no concentration of pro duction. Thus the statement that is usually made, that the standard results carry over to a world in which there is spatial choice, is too weak and fails to capture the essence oflocation theory. Nevertheless, we must also concede that, while the introduction of the spatial dimension is interesting and fruitful when (perhaps only when) there are non convexities, space should not be thought of as a panacea whereby problems those associated with economies of scale, for example -can be made to disap pear. There is no guarantee, for example, that production units will be operated in convex regions of their total cost curves, even if they are constrained to oper ate in a 'space economy'. These considerations led to the conclusion that the role of spatial choice and the determinants of such choice would be best analysed by case study. This book is one such study. It is based on my doctoral dissertation at the University of Cambridge, fmanced by a grant from the Social Science Research Council.
Download or read book The Microeconomics of Complex Economies written by Wolfram Elsner and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-04-15 with total page 599 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Microeconomics of Complex Economies uses game theory, modeling approaches, formal techniques, and computer simulations to teach useful, accessible approaches to real modern economies. It covers topics of information and innovation, including national and regional systems of innovation; clustered and networked firms; and open-source/open-innovation production and use. Its final chapter on policy perspectives and decisions confirms the value of the toolset. Written so chapters can be used independently, the book includes an introduction to computer simulation and pedagogical supplements. Its formal, accessible treatment of complexity goes beyond the scopes of neoclassical and mainstream economics. The highly interdependent economy of the 21st century demands a reconsideration of economic theories. Describes the usefulness of complex heterodox economics Emphasizes divergences and convergences with neoclassical economic theories and perspectives Fits easily into courses on intermediate microeconomics, industrial organization, and games through self-contained chapters
Download or read book The Nature of Technology written by W. Brian Arthur and published by Penguin UK. This book was released on 2010 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Nature of Technology will change the way you think about this fundamental subject forever. W. Brian Arthur's many years of thinking and writing about technology have culminated in a unique understanding of his subject. Here he examines the nature of technology itself: what is it and how does it evolve? Giving rare insights into the evolution of specific technologies and a new framework for thinking about others, every sentence points to some further truth and fascination. At a time when we are ever more reliant on technological solutions for the world's problems, it is extraordinary how little we actually understand the processes that lead to innovation and invention. Until now. This will be a landmark book that will define its subject, and inspire people to think about technology in depth for the very first time.
