Download or read book Rethinking the Operational Reserve written by Brian M. Howlett and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The various service Reserve Components have been a critical part of the Total Force for several decades. Although great efforts were undertaken to "operationalize" the Reserve Component over the last few years, future requirements will likely not justify a fully manned, trained, and equipped operational reserve. The Department of Defense will not likely be able to simultaneously afford both a robust active component and an operational reserve; expected shortfalls require a change in how the reserves are structured and utilized. With the expected reduction of American presence abroad, and likely economic austerity for the military, the United States must rethink the missions, requirements, and readiness of the reserve components."--Abstract.

Download or read book Supporting Operational National Guard s Dual role written by Early I. Falk and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 2008 final report of the Commission on the National Guard and Reserves (CNGR) provided 95 specific recommendations to the Secretary of Defense (SECDEF) and Congress to formally transform the National Guard (NG) into a 21st Century operational reserve force. The SECDEF supported action or further action on all but 13 of the recommendations. However, no action was directed on the recommendation to reorganize current reserve component (RC) categories. This SRP will analyze this policy recommendation and argue for its validity for establishing a new strategy that will provide a sustainable, ready, and reliable operational NG capable of meeting all of its constitutionally-rooted, dual-role requirements in an era of persistent conflict. It concludes with recommendations to structure the operational NG to facilitate a Continuum of Service (COS) and reduce current dependence on recurring involuntary mobilizations. This restructured NG will be able to maintain its long-term viability as an all-volunteer reserve force while providing strategic depth and increasing readiness in support of national security.

Download or read book Rethinking the Reserves written by Jacob Alex Klerman and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Navy wants to provide its shipbuilders with appropriate incentive to produce militarily effective vessels at minimum cost to the Navy. It can induce a shipbuilder to agree to any contractual arrangement by offering the shipbuilder a high enough price. But it is likely to be preferable, at least ex ante, for the Navy to dissipate risk external to its shipbuilder to pay less for the systems the Navy needs. The Navy uses external labor- and material-cost indexes to attempt to correct for significant cost risks outside its shipbuilders? control. Shipbuilder profits are greater when actual.

Download or read book Sustaining the Army s Reserve Components as an Operational Force written by Christopher M. Schnaubelt and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report identifies emerging policy lessons regarding the use of, and reforms to, the U.S. Army's Reserve Components (RCs) as an operational reserve derived from analyses of their contributions to Operations Enduring Freedom, Iraqi Freedom, New Dawn, and other recent contingency operations. These lessons can be applied to sustain the readiness of the U.S. Army Reserve and Army National Guard in future contingencies.

Download or read book Operational Reservations Considerations for a Total Army Force written by John D. Ellis and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2014-07-28 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawdowns in Army funding and in the overall numbers of Soldiers have called attention to the "right sizing" of the "three Armies"-the Active Component, the Army Reserve, and the Army National Guard. As senior leaders of all three components weigh the various options and discuss the merits of an Operational Reserve, it is important that they and civilian policymakers consider the necessary reforms that might have impact on implementing the Army Total Force Policy directed by the Secretary of the Army. The authors examine the tenets of the Army Total Force Policy, the details of what exactly the term "Operational Reserve" means, and the potential obstacles that are currently in place to disrupt successful reform. The monograph includes questions for senior leader policy considerations, examples of potential concerns, and recommendations to help mitigate obstacles in achieving a suitable and workable Total Army end state.

Download or read book Ready Reliable and Relevant written by U. S. Military and published by . This book was released on 2017-03-03 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Army Reserve Component (RC) has a major role in America's Global War on Terror (GWOT). Over the past decade and a half, the Army National Guard (ARNG) and the United States Army Reserve (USAR) have mobilized hundreds of thousands of Soldiers in support of contingency operations in Iraq and Afghanistan, as well as to numerous other missions worldwide and throughout the Continental United States (CONUS). They have proven their capabilities and exceeded operational expectations, successfully transitioning from the strategic reserve force of the Cold War era to a well-trained and experienced operational reserve force of the GWOT era. The problem facing the Department of Defense (DOD), is determining the future utilization of RC forces, specifically their operational role, their implementation, and the development of a suitable mobilization authority that will support a broad spectrum of future operational requirements. This monograph presents two primary arguments. First, the Army RC should continue its role as an operational reserve in support of future operational requirements. Second, continuing the use of the Army RC as an operational reserve requires the implementation of a new mobilization authority, one that will be more lasting, functional, and suitable for the current operating environment. This monograph presents two key proposals including the sustainment of the RC as an operational reserve, and a comprehensive plan for the implementation of a new mobilization authority. The action plan for these proposals includes a recommended framework and guidelines for a new mobilization authority that will achieve the goals of maintaining the use of RC forces as an operational reserve while modernizing the mobilization process to meet the demands of the current operating environment. A new and improved mobilization authority will allow Army RC forces to remain ready, reliable and relevant, capable of supporting future operational requirements of the 21st century. This monograph presents two primary arguments. First, the Army RC should continue its role as an operational reserve in support of future operational requirements. Second, continuing the use of the Army RC as an operational reserve requires the implementation of a new mobilization authority, one that will be more lasting, functional, and suitable for the current operating environment. There are five principal factors supporting the continued use of the Army RC as an operational reserve. First, over three quarters of a million Army RC Soldiers representing a large scale of ARNG and USAR units have mobilized since September 11, 2001 (9/11) in support of OEF, OIF, OND, and ONE, demonstrating the proven capabilities and very significant operational role of the Army RC in America's GWOT. 2 Second, as the Regular Army (RA) decreases its end strength, projected to fall to as low as 440,000 to 450,000 Soldiers by 2019, the RC can expect ongoing mobilizations and a substantial operational role. Third, current force structure allocations include a large volume of the Army's critical support units in the RC, including sustainment units and those historically categorized as combat support (i.e., chemical, engineer, military police, and signal units), as well as civil affairs and medical units. Maintaining such a large volume of the Army's support force structure in the RC increases the likelihood of their operational use for future operational requirements.

Download or read book Is the Army Reserve an Operational Force a Strategic Reserve Or a Mix of Both written by Howard M. Keebler and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States Army Reserves (USAR) role has changed multiple times throughout its history. It was founded as a medical reserve corps. In that role, it supplied individual replacements to the Army. The USAR continued to be developed into a Cold War force. It would then change again from a Cold War force to a modular force operating in the 21st century. Since the attacks on the World Trade Center, the Army and its Reserve Components (RC) have faced new challenges. The Army has had to rethink and assess what role the USAR will play in the future. Department of Defense (DOD) Directive 1200.17 dated October 29 2008 defines that role. It describes the role of the RCs as providing operational capabilities and strategic depth to meet all requirements across the full spectrum of conflict. This paper will review the roles described in the DOD directive. The thesis will establish how the United States reserve force was created and then the purpose of having a reserve force. It will then establish the strategic reserve role played by the USAR. This will be accomplished by an in depth historical perspective of the USAR. The historical perspective will include the creation of the USAR through the Gulf War.

Download or read book The Army s Operational Reserve Force written by Joseph Baldwin and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The reserve components of today's United States Army are, by both necessity and design, part of the operational force. Based on the anticipated strategic environment the Army has made a conscious decision to institutionalize the operational reserve force, an operational role which the reserve components will have to execute for the foreseeable future. To complete the "explicit evolution" of the Army's reserve components to an operational force, implications must be examined and addressed within the context of progressive readiness and cyclic deployments. The evolution toward an operational reserve force began in 1973 with the Total Force Policy. However, the implications of this change were not initially recognized. A critical capability gap resulted from a mismatch between decisions that increased operational reliance on the reserve components and the policy and resourcing decisions during the last quarter of the twentieth century. This paper will explain why an operational reserve force is being considered, examine the practical differences between a strategic reserve and an operational reserve, and identify critical implications of transitioning the Army's reserve components into a feasible, sustainable, operational reserve force.

Download or read book Beyond an Operational Reserve written by Ronald W. Burkett (II) and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Commission of the National Guard and Reserve was established by Congress in 2005 under the authority of the Ronald Reagan National Defense Authorization Act. Congress chartered the commission to examine the Reserve component of the United States Military and to make recommendations to ensure the National Guard and other Reserve components were organized, trained, and equipped to meet current and future defense requirements. The commission released its final report in 2006 urging Congress to take immediate steps to operationalize the Reserve, stating the Reserve components could no longer be held back as the nation's strategic reserve. That same year, each of the Service posture statements included verbiage proclaiming the necessity for sustaining an Operational Reserve; a new requirement necessitated by a growing dependence on the Reserve to augment the Active component in the post-Cold War strategic environment. History shows that the National Guard and Reserve has routinely served in an operational capacity to both expand capacity and to relieve stress on the Active force. The notion that the Reserve component was held in strategic reserve is inaccurate. When the draft ended, the Department of Defense embarked on a Total Force concept to integrate the capabilities of the Active and Reserve components and adopted the Total Force Policy in 1973. The Services were required to apply the policy to all aspects of planning to include manning, equipping, and budget programming. The Total Force approach was intended to serve as the foundation for achieving a force balance between Active and Reserve components. Through the integrated capabilities of the Total Force, the United States military would meet both operational and strategic force requirements. Current efforts to sustain an Operational Reserve as part of the Operational Force are designed to insure the Services have properly integrated component capabilities, but not a departure from the historical use of the Reserve. The need to balance the force, to define the mission and roles of the Reserve in an evolving strategic environment, and to maintain the confidence that the Reserve is trained, equipped, and ready to meet these challenges are all reoccurring trends. To address these trends, part of the effort must include defining strategic and operational force requirements; however, consistent application of the Total Force Policy will be required to reverse the trends." -- Abstract

Download or read book Operational Reservations written by John D. Ellis and published by Department of the Army. This book was released on 2014 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the Army Reserve Components -- the Army Reserve and the Army National Guard -- assume an "operational" mission as the force drawdowns in overseas contingency operations occur, the Army senior military and civilian leadership should consider the ramifications and realities of such a mission in what is expected to be a relatively peaceful time. This monograph explores some of these considerations regarding the implementation of the Army Total Force Policy, identifies potential obstacles, and makes recommendations to better engage the "three Armies" in a successful and meaningful reform effort. Throughout, the authors call for significant cultural shifts in thinking about how the Reserve Components are used and integrated into a Total Force.

Download or read book Follow and Assume written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to the current size of the U.S. Army and operational tempo, the Army National Guard and Army Reserve have been moved from a strategic reserve to an operational reserve. This thesis attempts to answer the following question: What is the best use of the operational reserve in Security, Stability, Reconstruction, and Transition (SSRT) and Counterinsurgency (COIN) operations. To arrive at this answer, selected historical case studies are used to gain insight into the best practices for SSRT and COIN. Several themes stand out. These include the primacy establishing and maintaining a secure environment, the historic failure of the Army to sufficiently plan for the transition from combat to SSRT operations, the commonality between SSRT and COIN, and lack of planned capability for SSRT and COIN skill sets in either the Active or Reserve component. This study further looks at how the Operational Reserve can be used to address these shortcomings. In conclusion, several recommendations are made on missions and focus for the Operational Reserve in order to support Army full-spectrum operations.

Download or read book How to Maintain an Operational Reserve written by Wesley Dale Murray and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "As Active Army end strength declines and policy makers favor operationally relevant Army Reserve Components, Army planners and lawmakers must consider employing Army National Guard and Army Reserve units in enduring missions, such as the Sinai or Kosovo, and in overseas partnership exercises. Over the past thirteen years Army Reserve Component units have deployed on numerous occasions and developed leaders and soldiers who are more ready for future mobilizations and deployments than their predecessors of the 19th and 20th centuries. To maintain this level of Reserve Component readiness, the Army must continue employing these units in overseas operations to maintain unit readiness and leader proficiency and relevance. To do this, Congress will need to provide the Army with budget predictability, enabling the Army to fund the additional pay and allowances associated with mobilizing Reserve Component units for overseas missions. This flexibility will allow the Army to meet ongoing mission requirements, while minimizing the risk involved with tying Active Army forces in those ongoing missions instead of having those units available to meet crisis situations in Korea, Eastern Europe, or Africa. If national leaders desire to avoid over-stressing the Active Army and maintain reserve component readiness, they should resource the operational reserve that they profess to desire."--Abstract.

Download or read book Considerations for the Organization and Employment of an Operational Reserve written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study is an analysis of the operational reserve. The size, composition, positioning, and political and geographical factors that affect the employment of an operational reserve are discussed. Historical experiences in World War II and current doctrine are considered in the analysis of the operational commander's reserve force. The study indicates that the current force structure of the U.S. Army and ability to deploy forces to a theater directly affect the employment of an operational-level reserve. Moreover, the operational commander's ability to affect the battle is directly linked to an operational reserve that can maneuver to achieve the desired operational objectives. The size and composition of the operational reserve are less important than the fact an operational reserve is constituted. The study concludes that an operational reserve is critical to insure the success of operations and campaigns in a theater or operation. Suggestions are offered for the organization and employment of the operational reserve force.

Download or read book The Role of the Army Force Generation Model in Preparing the National Guard and Reserve for Future Operations written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the 9/11 attacks on the United States, The Army and Reserve Components have to react to entirely new paradigm. The U.S. Army not only had to fight a new kind of war, it has to rethink the entire future of armed conflict and reassess and re-evaluate how to engage the enemies of this nation. In order to meet these new challenges the U.S. Army has been forced to look upon the National Guard and Reserve as part of the operational reserve force. This is a significant shift from the past practice of utilizing the Reserve Component Forces as part of the nation's 'strategic reserve'. As part of the U.S. Army operational reserve, Reserve Component forces will be called upon on a regular basis to actively participate along-side active duty units. In order to accomplish this paradigm shift, the U.S. Army has created a force management model called ARFORGEN, Army Force Generation Model. This model is to create a system that provides units in a predictable and reliable manner to support on going operations. The question of this thesis is whether or not the ARFORGEN model is an appropriate model for the reserve component forces. The model is designed for both active duty and reserve component forces. The findings of this study are that the ARFORGEN model is a good starting point for the transformation of the U.S. Army and Reserve Components. There are long term implications that may or may not need to be addressed in the future, especially with regard to equipping, manning and rebalancing the forces. There are many variables, such as funding, recruiting, soldier retention, training, equipping and future operations that have yet come into effect that may impact the ARFORGEN model and the transformation of the reserve component forces into a truly sustainable operational force.

Download or read book Rethinking the Use of Specialized Civil Affairs written by Richard Unda and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Specialized Civil Affairs (CA) Soldiers are reservists who have contributed greatly to post-war operations throughout history. Recent efforts have shifted away from civil-military operations (CMO), typically led by CA, to more broad and advanced reconstruction and stabilization operations (R/S OPS) led by civilians with civil-sector expertise. The requirement for civilian expertise certainly exists, but the resulting move to more generalized CA operations brings about concern. This project examines several aspects of this situation to include the role of specialized CA in combat and post-conflict environments and adapting and improving specialized CA for interagency operations. The research reveals a gap that occurs during and immediately after combat operations. This acute period requires immediate R/S OPS to address critical services and maintain civil order; however, it may be too dangerous or occur too quickly for civilian entities to arrive and begin operations. While specialized reserve CA Soldiers may be poised to fill this gap, the requirement for improved training and utilization of these Soldiers to conduct sector-specific operations appears significant. Recommendations are provided that address DoD's approach to training and deploying specialized reserve CA Soldiers. Additionally, doctrinal considerations are discussed in terms of redefining stability operations in comparison to more advanced nation building.

Download or read book The Army National Guard and Army Reserve written by Carl L. White and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Army National Guard (ARNG) and the United States Army Reserve (USAR) are an integral element of the total force and employed as an Operational force since Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) and Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF), while resourced as a Strategic reserve. The current level of foreign and domestic operational demands exceed the available supply of Active Component forces and these demands will not decrease in the foreseeable future. In order to sufficiently meet the current and future operational demands, the Department of Defense (DoD) and the Department of the Army (DA) must transform the ARNG and USAR from a Strategic reserve to an Operational Reserve. This transformation requires fundamental reforms in Reserve Components (RC) homeland defense/homeland security roles and missions; personnel management systems, equipping and training policies, family and employer support policies, the organizations and structures used to manage the RC, and funding. The Department of the Army, the ARNG, and the USAR all fundamentally agree on the general definition of an Operational Reserve. However, there is not a consensus on the detailed objectives and metrics necessary to achieve the desired end state. This is one of several issues currently impeding progress in achieving this objective. The Department of the Army, the ARNG, and the USAR collectively must clearly define the specific attributes of an Operational Reserve to include the appropriate employment, support policies and resources. This paper will examine the work that DA has completed thus far. It will identify the strengths and weaknesses of the work as well as outline some detailed measurable attributes of an Operational Reserve. It will conclude with some specific changes DA must implement to the process and process oversight structure to achieve these objectives.

Download or read book The Evolution of Operational Art written by G. S. Isserson and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: