Download or read book Rethinking Power Sector Reform in the Developing World written by Vivien Foster and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2019-12-05 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the 1990s, a new paradigm for power sector reform was put forward emphasizing the restructuring of utilities, the creation of regulators, the participation of the private sector, and the establishment of competitive power markets. Twenty-five years later, only a handful of developing countries have fully implemented these Washington Consensus policies. Across the developing world, reforms were adopted rather selectively, resulting in a hybrid model, in which elements of market orientation coexist with continued state dominance of the sector. This book aims to revisit and refresh thinking on power sector reform approaches for developing countries. The approach relies heavily on evidence from the past, drawing both on broad global trends and deep case material from 15 developing countries. It is also forward looking, considering the implications of new social and environmental policy goals, as well as the emerging technological disruptions. A nuanced picture emerges. Although regulation has been widely adopted, practice often falls well short of theory, and cost recovery remains an elusive goal. The private sector has financed a substantial expansion of generation capacity; yet, its contribution to power distribution has been much more limited, with efficiency levels that can sometimes be matched by well-governed public utilities. Restructuring and liberalization have been beneficial in a handful of larger middle-income nations but have proved too complex for most countries to implement. Based on these findings, the report points to three major policy implications. First, reform efforts need to be shaped by the political and economic context of the country. The 1990s reform model was most successful in countries that had reached certain minimum conditions of power sector development and offered a supportive political environment. Second, countries found alternative institutional pathways to achieving good power sector outcomes, making a case for greater pluralism. Among the top performers, some pursued the full set of market-oriented reforms, while others retained a more important role for the state. Third, reform efforts should be driven and tailored to desired policy outcomes and less preoccupied with following a predetermined process, particularly since the twenty-first-century century agenda has added decarbonization and universal access to power sector outcomes. The Washington Consensus reforms, while supportive of the twenty-first-century century agenda, will not be able to deliver on them alone and will require complementary policy measures

Download or read book Rethinking Power Sector Reform written by Erik Magnus Fernstrom and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The need for greater efficiency and accountability in the power sector in the Middle East and North Africa has renewed pressure for reforms. A major new World Bank report, Rethinking Power Sector Reform in the Developing World (Foster and Rana 2020), examines how developing countries have attempted to reform their power sector and with what results. Some key lessons point the way forward.

Download or read book The Political Economy of Power Sector Reform written by David G. Victor and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-02-08 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last fifteen years the world's largest developing countries have initiated market reform in their electric power sectors from generation to distribution. This book evaluates the experiences of five of those countries - Brazil, China, India, Mexico and South Africa - as they have shifted from state-dominated systems to schemes allowing for a larger private sector role. As well as having the largest power systems in their regions and among the most rapidly rising consumption of electricity in the world, these countries are the locus of massive financial investment and the effects of their power systems are increasingly felt in world fuel markets. This accessible volume explains the origins of these reform efforts and offers a theory as to why - despite diverse backgrounds - reform efforts in all five countries have stalled in similar ways. The authors also offer practical advice to improve reform policies.

Download or read book Electricity Sector Reform in Developing Countries written by Tooraj Jamasb and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2005 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Driven by ideology, economic reasoning, and early success stories, vast amounts of financial resources and effort have been spent on reforming infrastructure industries in developing countries. It is therefore important to examine whether evidence supports the logic of reforms. The authors review the empirical evidence on electricity reform in developing countries. They find that country institutions and sector governance play an important role in the success and failure of reform. And reforms also appear to have increased operating efficiency and expanded access to urban customers. However, the reforms have to a lesser degree passed on efficiency gains to customers, tackled distributional effects, and improved rural access. Moreover, some of the literature is not methodologically robust and on par with general development economics literature. Further, findings on some issues are limited and inconclusive, while other important areas are yet to be addressed. Until we know more, implementation of reforms will be more based on ideology and economic theory rather than solid economic evidence. "--World Bank web site.

Download or read book Revisiting Public Private Partnerships in the Power Sector written by Maria Vagliasindi and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2013-04-05 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Given the chronic power shortages faced by numerous developing countries, and the need everywhere to keep pace with demand, understanding the drivers of public private partnerships (PPPs) in energy is critical. While many private electricity projects have been delayed and financing costs have increased, the impact of the global financial crisis was less severe than that of previous crises that originated in developing countries. This resilience stems from developing countries’ need to expand generation capacity, electricity sector reforms and better regulatory frameworks, and short-term solutions (such as rental power plants). The study reports the evidence from statistical analysis and a sample of case studies selected based. It proposes a novel analytical approach to model PPPs, using a two-stage procedure based on Heckman’s sample selection distinguishing between those factors that determine whether private investment in energy takes place, and those that influence the volume of investment. The results of the analysis provide the following conclusions: • Both general governance and regulatory instrument primarily affect investors’ decisions to enter the various power sector markets, not the subsequent level of investment – indicating that investors seem to be adequately protected against risks. • Support mechanisms, like feed-in tariffs, are crucial for attracting investors in renewable generation, but they do not succeed in displacing fossil fuel investment and they could play a bigger role in affecting the level of investment in renewables. • There is a significant trade-off between effectiveness and efficiency of alternative instruments for deploying renewables. Feed-in tariffs tended to be quite effective but to be set on the high side, reducing incentives to cut costs and posing significant strains on already stripped national budgets. Competitive auctions, on the other hand have tended to be efficient but initially low and not always the most effective instrument. • Countries can scale up renewables following different paths. For Brazil, the move from feed-in tariffs to auctions enabled it to both reduce costs and deploy additional capacity. Peru followed in Brazil’s path, opting for auctions instead of introducing feed-in tariffs. On the other hand, China’s move from competitive tenders to feed-in tariffs allowed for discovery effects to determine the right level of prices to attract private investment in renewables.

Download or read book Power Market Structure written by Maria Vagliasindi and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2013-03-28 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current distribution of power markets around intermediate structures that fall between the two extremes of full integration and unbundling suggests that there has not been a linear path to power market structure reform. Rather, many developing countries may retain intermediate structures into the foreseeable future. This possibility exposes a gap in the understanding of power market structures, since most theoretical work has focused on the two extreme possibilities and there is limited evidence of the impact of unbundling for developing countries. Power Market Structure takes a novel analytical approach to modeling market structure, together with ownership and regulation, in determining performance across several indicators, including access, operational and financial performance, and environmental sustainability. Its conclusions--which will be of particular interest to policy makers, academics, and development practitioners--reflect evidence drawn from statistical analysis and a representative sample of 20 case studies, selected based on initial conditions such as income and power system size. The key result of the analysis is that unbundling delivers results when used as an entry point to implementing broader reforms, particularly introducing a sound regulatory framework, and reducing the degree of concentration of the generation and distribution segments of the market by attracting additional public and private players and greater private sector participation. In addition, there seems to be a credible empirical basis for selecting a threshold power system size and per capita income level below which unbundling of the power supply chain is not expected to be worthwhile. Partial forms of vertical unbundling do not appear to drive improvements. The most likely reason is that the owner was able to continue exercising control over the affairs of the sector and hinder the development of competitive pressure within the power market.

Download or read book Rethinking Eskom written by and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book People and Power written by Julian A. Lampietti and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2007 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The debate on how to conduct pro-poor reforms of utilities frequently condemns tariff-based subsidies as socially regressive. But the empirical insights on household behavior and electricity consumption patterns in this book reveal that, in ECA, where access to utilities is almost universal, the erosion of tariff based subsidies has disproportionately affected the poor, while direct transfers through social benefit systems have often been inadequately targeted. The book suggests alternative strategies for achieving cost-recovery in the electricity sector in a socially and politically acceptable manner, providing lessons that are equally relevant for other utilities and regions.

Download or read book Restructuring and Regulatory Reform in the Power Sector written by Peter Choynowski and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A worldwide trend began in the 1980s in both developed & developing countries to restructure their power sectors & reform their regulatory framework. The motivation in developed countries to restructure & reform was mainly to improve sector efficiency, while in the developing countries, it was to move the sector away from reliance on scarce public resources to more private sector financing. Since the Asian Development Bank was involved in restructuring & regulatory reform in many of Asia's developing countries, this report takes stock of the progress made to date in these countries, reviews the relevant experience in some developed countries & Latin America, & identifies the key issues that could have a bearing on its operations in Asia.

Download or read book Making Power Sector Reform Work for the Poor written by Global Network on Energy for Sustainable Development and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Routledge Handbook of Energy in Asia written by Subhes C. Bhattacharyya and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-10-12 with total page 692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Routledge Handbook of Energy in Asia presents a comprehensive review of the unprecedented growth of Asian energy over the past quarter of a century. It provides insightful analysis into variation across the continent, whilst highlighting areas of cross-learning and regional cooperation between the developed and developing countries of Asia. Prepared by a team of leading international experts, this book not only captures the East Asian domination, particularly that of China, but also highlights the growing influence of South Asia and the ASEAN. Organised into four parts, the sections include: the demand for energy in the region and its main drivers at the sector level; developments in energy supply, including fossil fuels and renewable energy sources; energy policies and issues such as sector reform and climate change; the transition to a low carbon pathway. This handbook offers a complete picture of Asian energy, covering supply and demand, as well as contemporary challenges in the sector. As such, it is a valuable resource for students and scholars of energy policy, Environmental Studies, and Asian Studies.

Download or read book Charting the Diffusion of Power Sector Reforms Across the Developing World written by Vivien Foster and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 77 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some 25 years have elapsed since international financial institutions espoused a package of power sector reform measures that became known as the Washington Consensus. This package encompassed the establishment of autonomous regulatory entities, the vertical and horizontal unbundling of integrated national monopoly utilities, private sector participation in generation and distribution, and eventually the introduction of competition into power generation and even retail services. Exploiting a unique new data set on the timing and scope of power sector reforms adopted by 88 countries across the developing world over 25 years, this paper seeks to improve understanding of the uptake, diffusion, packaging, and sequencing of power sector reforms, and the extent to which they were affected by the economic and political characteristics of the countries concerned. The analysis focuses on describing the patterns of reform without judging their desirability or evaluating their impact. The paper finds that following rapid diffusion during 1995-2005, the spread of power sector reforms slowed significantly in 2005-15. Only a small minority of developing countries fully implemented the reform model as originally conceived. For the majority, reforms were only selectively adopted according to ease of implementation, often stagnated at an intermediate stage, and were sometimes packaged and sequenced in ways unrelated to the original logic. Country characteristics such as geography, income group, power system size, and political economy all had a significant influence on the uptake of reform. Moreover, a significant number of countries experienced reversals of private sector participation, or were unable to follow through with reform plans that were officially announced. Overall, power sector reform in the developing world lags far behind what was achieved in the developed world during the same time period. Yet, even in the developed world, the full package of reforms does not seem to have been universally adopted.

Download or read book Public Sector Reform written by Jan-Erik Lane and published by SAGE. This book was released on 1997-12-12 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Deregulation, privatization and marketization have become the bywords for the reforms and debates surrounding the public sector. This major book is unique in its comparative analysis of the reform experience in Western and Eastern Europe, Australia, New Zealand and Canada. Leading experts identify a number of key factors to systematically explain the similarities and differences, map common problems and together reflect on the future shape of the public sector, exploring significant themes in a lively and accessible way.

Download or read book Rethinking Reform of Electricity Markets written by Sidney A. Shapiro and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rethinking Reform starts with a thought experiment about the complete deregulation of electricity markets. The article goes on to discuss how the traditional model of utility regulation has served its useful purpose and must be replaced. The two recommendations made in the article include the use of marginal cost pricing and an array of smart energy technologies to create a better and more efficient energy policy.

Download or read book Impact of Power Sector Reform on the Poor written by Yves Albouy and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Evolution of Donor recipient Relations in Electricity Reform written by Oliver W. Johnson and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the early 1990s electricity reforms across Sub-Saharan Africa have been marked by controversy. Despite the World Bank's major role in driving electricity reform as part of its conditional lending strategy in the electricity sector, its relationship with recipient countries has received little attention within the electricity reform literature. This is surprising given the increasing pressure on the World Bank to improve the effectiveness of its conditional lending more generally. This thesis contributes to filling this gap by exploring how World Bank-recipient country relations shape and constrain the direction of reform. The donor-recipient relationship is commonly espoused in the academic literature as a principal-agent relationship, whereby international aid organisations (principals) delegate authority for implementing their development policies to recipient countries (agents). I develop this framework by incorporating refined concepts of power, partnership, ownership and knowledge, prominent features in development studies literature and recent donor discourse. The analytical framework developed is applied to the process of electricity reform in two countries: Tanzania and Ghana. While the impetus for reform in these two countries was similar, the way in which the reform process unfolded was different. The analysis is based on in-depth, semi-structured interviews and documentary evidence. It uses a process-tracing method, combining within-case and cross-case analysis. A number of insights emerge from the analysis. I find that availability of reform expertise plays a significant role in determining the strength of power relations between donors and recipient countries. It also appears that reform ownership lies within different 'domains'. Uneven ownership across domains accounts for the inconsistent reform implementation noted in both cases. And knowledge asymmetry provides a useful concept to analyse the impact of decentralised donor staff. In conclusion, this thesis argues that a modified principal-agent framework offers additional insight into the workings of the donor-recipient relationship.

Download or read book Learning from Power Sector Reform written by Energy Sector Management Assistance Program and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the time of independence, in 1991, Ukraine had a monolithic state-run power sector. Its main concern was to transform the sector into a more efficient and competitive system that can be consistent with eventual European Union membership. A series of steps were taken in this direction - some unbundling of the sector; limited privatization; establishing a regulator; and creating a wholesale power market. Unfortunately, these reform steps did not achieve the reform objectives, and, at the time, there was no political consensus on the path forward. The changing regional political landscape, especially driven by the Crimea crisis, raised a fresh impetus for the reforms as the sector faced new concerns. Security of supply concerns, particularly over gas from Russia and limited access to high quality coal mines, were suddenly centerstage for a country where the inherited system had excess supply even at peak demand. Sector reforms were undertaken to align more closely with the second and third European Union energy packages. This case study follows Ukraine power sector's reform process and presents lessons learned that can be useful for other developing countries.