Download or read book A Socialist Empire written by Louis Baudin and published by . This book was released on 2011-08 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 2011 Reprint of 1961 Edition. Many social scientists have attempted to lump the unique Inca society into modern political and economic categories. Louis Baudin argued that Incan society was socialistic. He claimed that the ayllu system is what classified the Inca as a system of state socialism. Baudin defines state socialism as being based on the idea of the regulative action of a central power in social relations. According to Baudin, the idea of private property in Europe had been in existence for centuries, but no such idea existed at the times of the Incas. He claims, that society in Peru rested on a foundation of collective ownership which, to a certain extent, facilitated its establishment, because the effacement of the individual within a group prepared him to allow himself to be absorbed. Baudin argued that the higher ranking Incas tried, and succeeded to an extent, to force a degree of uniformity on the common Inca. The Inca were forced to dress similarly, eat the same food, practice the same religion, and speak the same language, Quechua.

Download or read book Cicero s Masterpieces written by Marcus Tullius Cicero and published by Franklin Classics. This book was released on 2018-10-15 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. To ensure a quality reading experience, this work has been proofread and republished using a format that seamlessly blends the original graphical elements with text in an easy-to-read typeface. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

Download or read book AmeR can written by Tato Laviera and published by Arte Publico Press. This book was released on 2003-03-31 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Tato LavieraÍs third collection, poems celebrate the array of stripes and colors making up the American people. In the beginning section, ñEthnic Tributes,î Laviera crafts poems with titles like, ñarab,î ñblack,î ñchinese,î ñgreek,î ñjamaican,î ñspanish,î and ñmundo-world.î In ñboricua,î he fashions a timely plea for an end to prejudice, saying that for Puerto Ricans ñ. . . color is generally color-blind/with us, thatÍs our contribution, all/ the colors are tied/to our one.î The latter two sections of the collection, ñValuesî and ñPoliticsî build on the themes of ethnic exchange and the place of the boriqueÐo in that greater scheme. In ñcommonwealth,î Laviera writes of these tensions. ñIÍm still in the commonwealth/ stage of my life, not knowing/ which ideology to select.î The poems of Tato Laviera are complex and engaging; through his words, his spirit, his bilingualism, and his dual identity he offers readers poems that are a celebration of life and identity. Wolfgang Binder, Professor at the University of Erlangen in the Federal Republic of Germany writes, ñWith AmeRÕcan, Tato Laviera confirms his excellent reputation as a vital poet and humanist. Laviera is postulating and ïdefining the new America, humane America,Í but he will not be absorbed by a mythical melting pot.î

Download or read book La Carreta Made a U Turn written by Tato Laviera and published by Arte Publico Press. This book was released on 1979 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Dance Between Two Cultures written by William Luis and published by Vanderbilt University Press. This book was released on 2001 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offers insights on Latino Caribbean writers born or raised in the United States who are at the vanguard of a literary movement that has captured both critical and popular interest. In this groundbreaking study, William Luis analyzes the most salient and representative narrative and poetic works of the newest literary movement to emerge in Spanish American and U.S. literatures. The book is divided into three sections, each focused on representative Puerto Rican American, Cuban American, and Dominican American authors. Luis traces the writers' origins and influences from the nineteenth century to the present, focusing especially on the contemporary works of Oscar Hijuelos, Julia Alvarez, Cristina Garcia, and Piri Thomas, among others. While engaging in close readings of the texts, Luis places them in a broader social, historical, political, and racial perspective to expose the tension between text and context. As a group, Latino Caribbeans write an ethnic literature in English that is born of their struggle to forge an identity separate from both the influences of their parents' culture and those of the United States. For these writers, their parents' country of origin is a distant memory. They have developed a culture of resistance and a language that mediates between their parents' identity and the culture that they themselves live in. Latino Caribbeans are engaged in a metaphorical dance with Anglo Americans as the dominant culture. Just as that dance represents a coming together of separate influences to make a unique art form, so do both Hispanic and North American cultures combine to bring a new literature into being. This new body of literature helps us to understand not only the adjustments Latino Caribbean cultures have had to make within the larger U.S. environment but also how the dominant culture has been affected by their presence.

Download or read book Bendici n written by Tato Laviera and published by Arte Publico Press. This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "i think in spanish / i write in english / i want to go back to puerto rico / but I wonder if my kink could live / in ponce, mayaguez and carolina." Born in Puerto Rico but raised in New York City, Tato Laviera's poetry reflects his bilingual, bicultural Nuyorican existence while celebrating the universality of the human condition and his European, indigenous and African roots. Tato Laviera explores identity, community, urban life, oppression and much more in these multi-layered pieces that spanned his too-short life. Many deal with themes specific to the immigrant experience, such as the sense of alienation many feel when they are not accepted in their native or adopted land. In "nuyorican," he writes about returning to his native island, only to be looked down upon for his way of speaking: "ahora regreso, con un corazon boricua, y tu / me desprecias, me miras mal, me atacas mi hablar." Music and dance, an integral part of Puerto Rican life, permeate Laviera's verse and pay homage to the Caribbean's African roots. "i hear merengue in french haiti / and in dominican blood, / and the guaracha in yoruba, / and the mambo sounds inside the plena." Including all of his previously published poems and some that have never been published, these are bold expressions of hybridity in which people of mixed races speak a combination of languages. He skillfully weaves English and Spanish, and frequently writes in Spanglish. The importance of language and its impact on his identity is evident in poems entitled "Espanol," "Bilingue" and "Spanglish." Known for his lively, energetic poetry readings, Bendicion represents an internationally recognized poet's life work and will serve to keep Tato Laviera's words and the issues he wrote about alive long after his death.

Download or read book Mainstream Ethics written by Tato Laviera and published by Arte Publico Press. This book was released on 1988-01-01 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Mainstream Ethics (Žtica corriente) Tato Laviera explores the geographic and linguistic imperatives of Hispanics in the United States. Whereas in the past Laviera redirected Hispanics to invest culture and emotion in the reality of the Metropolis, in Mainstream Ethics he affirms that Hispanic language and lore, art and history are transforming the national culture and identity of the United States. It is not the role of Hispanics to follow the dictates of a shadowy norm, an illusive main stream, but to remain faithful to their collective and individual identitiesÉ to either lay claim to mainstream territory or disprove its very existence.

Download or read book Literary Bondage written by William Luis and published by University of Texas Press. This book was released on 1990-03-01 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the nineteenth century, the Cuban economy rested on the twin pillars of sugar and slaves. Slavery was abolished in 1886, but, one hundred years later, Cuban authors were still writing antislavery narratives. William Luis explores this seeming paradox in his groundbreaking study Literary Bondage, asking why this literary genre has remained a viable means of expression. Applying Foucault's theory of counter-discourse to a vast body of antislavery literature, Luis shows how these narratives have always served to undermine the foundations of slavery, to protest the marginalized status of blacks in Cuban society, and to rewrite the canon of "acceptable" history and literature. He finds that emancipation did not end the need for such counter-discourse and reveals how the antislavery narrative continues to provide a forum for voices that have been silenced by the dominant culture. In addition to such well-known works as Cecilia Valdés, The Kingdom of This World, and The Autobiography of a Runaway Slave, Luis draws on many literary works outside the familiar canon, including Romualdo, uno de tantos, Aponte, SofíaLa familia Unzúazu, El negrero, and Los guerrilleros negros. This comprehensive coverage raises important questions about the process of canon-formation and brings to light Cuba's rich heritage of Afro-Latin literature and culture.

Download or read book Enclave written by Tato Laviera and published by Arte Publico Press. This book was released on 1981-01-01 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Enclave is Tato LavieraÍs second book of verse. As in his successful La Carreta Made a U-Turn, Laviera celebrates the Puerto Rican experience in New York. While the earlier book focuses on events and scenes, Enclave concentrates on the individual. Laviera provides a gallery of portraits of the indomitable inhabitants of the enclave, whose lives are evoked through the soulful rhythmic songs ñen clave.î

Download or read book Epistemological Problems of Economics written by Ludwig Von Mises and published by Ludwig von Mises Institute. This book was released on 2002 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Collection of essays on economic theory. Most of the essays originally appeared in the late 1920s in German journals devoted to the social sciences, with the original German language collection being issued in 1933.

Download or read book Looking Out Looking in written by William Luis and published by Hispanic Civil Rights (Paperba. This book was released on 2012 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The poems included in this comprehensive anthology run the gamut of styles and themes, but all are by Latinos writing from the mid- twentieth century to the present. Some deal with issues specific to the Hispanic experience, such as displacement, identity and language. Others ponder universal concerns, such as love, family and humanity. In "Letter to Arturo," Mexican-American poet Lucha Corpi pens a song of love to her son: "You've hardly left / and already I miss the light / caress of your hands / on my hair, / and your laughter and your tears, / and all your questions / about seas, / moons and deserts. / And all my poems / are tying themselves together / in my throat."More than 60 Latino poets are represented in this wide-ranging collection that focuses on poetry from the four largest groups in the United States: Mexican Americans, Cuban Americans, Puerto Ricans and Dominican Americans.Included are distinguished poets such as Julia Álvarez, Gloria Anzaldúa, Jimmy Santiago Baca, Martín Espada and Pedro Pietri, as well as less well-known writers who deserve more recognition. Whether writing about timeless issues or themes specific to their community, the poets in this volume craft a multilayered look at what it means to be Latino in the United States. Looking Out, Looking In is an indispensable and welcome addition to American and Latino literatures.

Download or read book Hannibal and Scipio Africanus written by and published by . This book was released on 2020-04-20 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: *Includes pictures *Includes excerpts of ancient accounts *Includes a bibliography for further reading Carthage was one of the great ancient civilizations, and at its peak, the wealthy Carthaginian empire dominated the Mediterranean against the likes of Greece and Rome, with commercial enterprises and influence stretching from Spain to Turkey. In fact, at several points in history it had a very real chance of replacing the fledgling Roman empire or the failing Greek poleis (city-states) altogether as master of the Mediterranean. Although Carthage by far preferred to exert economic pressure and influence before resorting to direct military power (and even went so far as to rely primarily on mercenary armies paid with its vast wealth for much of its history, it nonetheless produced a number of outstanding generals, from the likes of Hanno Magnus to, of course, the great bogeyman of Roman nightmares himself: Hannibal. In the history of war, only a select few men always make the list of greatest generals. Napoleon. Caesar. Alexander. They are always joined by Hannibal, who has the distinction of being the only man who nearly brought Rome to its knees before its decline almost 700 years later. Rome never suffered a more horrifying defeat in its history than at Cannae, and indeed, Hannibal nearly rewrote the course of Western history during the Second Punic War. Even today there remains great debate on just how he accomplished his masterful invasion of Italy across the Alps. Since his army included war elephants, historians still argue over exactly where and how he crossed over 2,000 years after he managed that incredible feat. Hannibal will always be listed among history's greatest generals, and his military campaign in Italy during the Second Punic War will always be studied, but part of the aura and mystique surrounding the Carthaginian legend is that there is still a lot of mystery. Since Carthage was destroyed by Rome a generation after Hannibal, most of what is known about Hannibal came from the very people he tormented in the late 2nd century BCE, and thus much of his background is unknown. Moreover, even as military historians are still amazed that he was able to maintain his army in Italy near Rome for nearly 15 years, they are still puzzled over some of his decisions, including why he never attempted to march on Rome in the first place. While he remains far less known than Hannibal, Publius Cornelius Scipio, the man who has become known to history as Scipio Africanus, is widely regarded as one of the greatest military leaders of all time. In the space of less than 10 years, the genius of Scipio took Rome from being on the brink of utter destruction to becoming the dominant power in the Mediterranean. He displayed not just acute understanding of the tactical needs of the battlefield but also a strategic overview that consistently allowed him to confound his enemies. Scipio has been described as "the embodiment of grand strategy, as his campaigns are the supreme example in history of its meaning." However, like many other successful military leaders, Scipio proved much less able to deal with the envy and political machinations of the Roman Senate, and he ended his life not in glory but in bitter, self-imposed retirement, much the same way Hannibal did. Both men left legacies of military genius, catastrophic defeats, perseverance in the face of setbacks, astounding victories. Their stories also heavily involve ingratitude, envy, and enmity from within. Hannibal and Scipio Africanus: The Lives and Careers of the Second Punic War's Legendary Generals chronicles the two rivals, their campaigns, and their lasting legacies. Along with pictures depicting important people, places, and events, you will learn about Hannibal and Scipio Africanus like never before.

Download or read book Relativism and the Study of Man written by Helmut Schoeck and published by Princeton, N.J. Van Nostrand [1961]. This book was released on 1961 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Economic Point of View written by Israel M. Kirzner and published by Ludwig von Mises Institute. This book was released on 1960 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Compendium and Description of the West Indies Classic Reprint written by Antonio Vazquez de Espinoza and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2018-09-23 with total page 882 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Compendium and Description of the West Indies This last is our present work, and so little known to the compiler of this sketch that he cites it with a Latin title. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Download or read book Nuyorican Poetry written by Miguel Algarín and published by William Morrow &Company. This book was released on 1975 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A collection of poems in a new street-born language, Nuyorican; a dynamic English-Spanish contrapunctal expression of the anger and aspirations of the Puerto Rican. English nouns function as verbs. Spanish verbs function as adjectives. Raw life needs raw verbs and nouns to express the action and to name the quality of the experience."--Jacket.

Download or read book Resumen de la vida y milagros de S Francisco de Borja duque de Gandia compuesto primero en Italiano etc written by Scipio Sgambati and published by . This book was released on 1671 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: