Download or read book Respiratory Outcomes in Preterm Infants written by Anna Maria Hibbs and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2017-01-20 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents pulmonary outcomes of prematurity, from their emergence in infancy through to their consequences in adulthood. With an increasing number of preterm births and more infants surviving, there is now a larger population of adults with lung disease originating in infancy requiring specialized care. Looking at the whole group of preterm infants, not just those with bronchopulmonary dysplasia, this text covers a wide spectrum of pulmonary outcomes, including: pulmonary hypertension, wheezing, and alterations in sleep. The chapter authors focus on critically appraising what is and is not known about each outcome and suggest key questions that still need to be answered. Respiratory Outcomes in Preterm Infants: Sequelae from Infancy through Adulthood is an ideal reference for the multidisciplinary group that cares for these preterm infants and the adults they become, including: neonatologists, pediatric pulmonologists, pediatricians, adult pulmonologists, primary care physicians, nurses, and fellows.

Download or read book Preterm Birth written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-05-23 with total page 791 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increasing prevalence of preterm birth in the United States is a complex public health problem that requires multifaceted solutions. Preterm birth is a cluster of problems with a set of overlapping factors of influence. Its causes may include individual-level behavioral and psychosocial factors, sociodemographic and neighborhood characteristics, environmental exposure, medical conditions, infertility treatments, and biological factors. Many of these factors co-occur, particularly in those who are socioeconomically disadvantaged or who are members of racial and ethnic minority groups. While advances in perinatal and neonatal care have improved survival for preterm infants, those infants who do survive have a greater risk than infants born at term for developmental disabilities, health problems, and poor growth. The birth of a preterm infant can also bring considerable emotional and economic costs to families and have implications for public-sector services, such as health insurance, educational, and other social support systems. Preterm Birth assesses the problem with respect to both its causes and outcomes. This book addresses the need for research involving clinical, basic, behavioral, and social science disciplines. By defining and addressing the health and economic consequences of premature birth, this book will be of particular interest to health care professionals, public health officials, policy makers, professional associations and clinical, basic, behavioral, and social science researchers.

Download or read book Inhaled Nitric Oxide in Preterm Infants written by U. S. Department of Health and Human Services and published by Createspace Independent Pub. This book was released on 2013-05-09 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neonatal lung disease is the most common complication of preterm delivery, and results in significant morbidity and mortality. Preterm infants suffer from both acute and chronic respiratory failure as a result of anatomic and biochemical disruption of lung function, lung inflammation and oxidative stress, nutritional deficiencies, and arrest of tracheobronchial and pulmonary vascular growth. Treatment for acute respiratory failure often contributes to evolving bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and chronic respiratory failure, due to barotrauma and oxygen toxicity from prolonged respiratory support, deficient nutrition, as well as immaturity of lung growth, vascular development and immunologic defenses. Pulmonary hypertension may occur in association with acute and/or chronic respiratory failure. Multiple etiologies make finding an effective treatment for respiratory failure in preterm infants challenging. Disorders related to prematurity and respiratory distress are among the leading causes of infant mortality in the U.S. Treatment options for respiratory failure in preterm infants include a variety of modalities. Prenatal steroids, antibiotics, exogenous surfactant replacement, tidal volume ventilation, conventional ventilation, continuous positive airway pressure, high flow oxygen administration, and high frequency ventilation are all used as therapeutic modalities. Treatment of preterm infants with inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) as a rescue therapy for refractory hypoxemic respiratory failure is an extension of the relative success of the treatment of term and near term infants with iNO. Inhaled NO has demonstrated efficacy in improving oxygenation and reducing the need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in late preterm infants born after 34 weeks gestation and full term infants with respiratory failure, with no evidence of long term benefits. Despite the approved use of iNO in full term and late preterm infants, the developmentally distinct mechanisms of respiratory failure and differing cardiovascular, pulmonary, and pharmacokinetic characteristics of more immature infants require systematic study of the short and long term outcomes for preterm infants treated with iNO to prevent or treat respiratory failure. The Cochrane review acknowledged very limited data on long term outcomes of preterm infants treated with iNO. If iNO is beneficial, the number need to treat would be very large. Papers published or presented from 2007 to present report conflicting results as to whether, in preterm infants, iNO has beneficial, adverse, or no effects on long term neurodevelopmental and pulmonary outcomes. Despite the ongoing controversy, iNO continues to be used for hypoxemic respiratory failure in preterm infants less than 34 weeks gestation even with potential harm to the developing lungs and brain. There is an urgent need to weigh the current evidence as to whether iNO is a safe and effective treatment in preterm infants. We sought to identify and synthesize evidence addressing the following questions: 1. Does inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) therapy increase survival and/or reduce the occurrence or severity of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) among premature infants who receive respiratory support? 2. Are there short term risks of iNO therapy among premature infants who receive respiratory support? 3. Are there effects of iNO therapy on long term pulmonary and/or neurodevelopmental outcomes among premature infants who receive respiratory support? 4. Does the effect of iNO therapy on BPD and/or death or neurodevelopmental impairment vary across subpopulations of premature infants? 5. Does the effect of iNO therapy on BPD and/or death or neurodevelopmental impairment vary by timing of initiation, mode of delivery, dose and duration, or concurrent therapies?

Download or read book Surfactant Replacement Therapy written by Donald L. Shapiro and published by Alan R. Liss. This book was released on 1989 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Nutritional Care of Preterm Infants written by B. Koletzko and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2014-04-15 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Improved conditions of care for premature infants have led to markedly increased survival rates over the last few decades, particularly in very low and extremely low birth weight infants. Nutritional measures play a central role in the long-term outcome, health and quality of life of these premature infants. In this publication, leading experts from all 5 continents present the most recent evidence and critical analyses of nutrient requirements and the practice of nutritional care (with the focus on very low birth weight infants) to provide guidance for clinical application. After the introductory chapters, covering nutritional needs and research evidence in a more general manner, topics such as amino acids and proteins, lipids, microminerals and vitamins, parenteral and enteral nutrition as well as approaches to various disease conditions are addressed. Due to its focus on critical appraisals and recommendations, this book is of interest not only for the researcher who wants to keep up to date, but also for the clinician faced with premature infants in his practice.

Download or read book Respiratory Management of Extremely Preterm Infants written by Hasan Özkan and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-11-12 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Respiratory Outcome in Preterm Infants Following Conventional Ventilation Or High Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation in the Neonatal Period written by Mark Richard Thomas and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book MORBIDITY PATTERNS OF EXTREMELY PRETERM INFANTS RELATIONSHIPS WITH RESPIRATORY OUTCOME GROWTH ACHIEVEMENT AND FAMILY IMPACT DURING THE FIRST TWO YEARS OF LIFE written by CAROL JEAN CLAFLIN and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extremely low birth weight (ELBW; $

Download or read book The Role of Environmental Hazards in Premature Birth written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-11-17 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Each year in the United States approximately 440,000 babies are born premature. These infants are at greater risk of death, and are more likely to suffer lifelong medical complications than full-term infants. Clinicians and researchers have made vast improvements in treating preterm birth; however, little success has been attained in understanding and preventing preterm birth. Understanding the complexity of interactions underlying preterm birth will be needed if further gains in outcomes are expected. The Institute of Medicine's Roundtable on Environmental Health Sciences, Research, and Medicine sponsored a workshop to understand the biological mechanism of normal labor and delivery, and how environmental influences, as broadly defined, can interact with the processes of normal pregnancy to result in preterm birth. This report is a summary of the main themes presented by the speakers and participants.

Download or read book Effective Care of the Newborn Infant written by John C. Sinclair and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 714 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This companion volume to the highly acclaimed Effective Care in Pregnancy and Childbirth (OUP 1989, edited by Iain Chalmers et al.) evaluates the care of newborn infants. Medical research has produced an explosion of new knowledge concerning the causes, diagnosis, prognosis, treatment and prevention of diseases of the newborn infant. As the pace of therapeutic innovation quickens, there is an increasing need for efficient access to information concerning the probable effects of therapy. This book meets the urgent demand for a systematic summary of the best available evidence concerning the expected outcomes of therapeutic decisions in neonatology. This revolutionary work consists fundamentally of quantitative reviews of randomized trials of alternative courses of action. It contains some 2000 new analyses of data from the clinical trials literature, representing the vast majority of randomized trials in neonatology. The result is the first systematic review of evidence from randomized clinical trials in this field and an explicit dissection of the research data supporting, or in some cases not supporting, clinical management of the newborn. This book will interest pediatricians, especially neonatologists; obstetricians, especially maternal-fetal medicine specialists; family practitioners; and epidemiologists.

Download or read book WHO Child Growth Standards written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2007 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive review of the uses and interpretation of anthropometric references undertaken by WHO in the early 1990s concluded that new growth curves were needed to replace the existing international reference. To develop new standards, a multi-country study was carried out to collect primary growth data and related information from 8440 healthy breastfed infants and young children from diverse ethnic backgrounds and cultural settings (Brazil, Ghana, India, Norway, Oman, and the USA). The first set of growth standards (length/height-for-age, weight-for-age, weight-for-length, weight-for-height and body mass index-for-age) was published in April 2006. This report presents the second set of growth standards (head circumference-for-age, arm circumference-for-age, triceps skinfold-for-age, and subscapular skinfold-for-age). The standards depict normal early childhood growth under optimal environmental conditions and can be used to assess children everywhere, regardless of ethnicity socioeconomic status and type of feeding. This report will be useful to pediatricians and other healthcare providers, nutritionists, policy makers, researchers, national institutes of health, schools of medicine, and professional associations. Companion volume: WHO Child Growth Standards: Length/Height-for-age Weight-for-age Weight-for-length Weight-for-height and Body Mass Index-for age. Methods and Development

Download or read book Respiratory Outcomes in Young Children Born Preterm in the Subfactant Era written by Maureen Verheggen and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in neonatal care have resulted in the survival of increasingly premature infants and changed the clinical presentation of Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). The long-term respiratory outlook for children born premature is not known. Aims: To characterise lung function and prevalence of respiratory symptoms in preterm children with and without BPD and to investigate the influence of those symptoms on lung function. To examine the contribution of neonatal events to subsequent respiratory morbidity and function. Methods: Preterm subjects (

Download or read book Pediatric and Neonatal Mechanical Ventilation written by Peter C. Rimensberger and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-12 with total page 1584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by outstanding authorities from all over the world, this comprehensive new textbook on pediatric and neonatal ventilation puts the focus on the effective delivery of respiratory support to children, infants and newborns. In the early chapters, developmental issues concerning the respiratory system are considered, physiological and mechanical principles are introduced and airway management and conventional and alternative ventilation techniques are discussed. Thereafter, the rational use of mechanical ventilation in various pediatric and neonatal pathologies is explained, with the emphasis on a practical step-by-step approach. Respiratory monitoring and safety issues in ventilated patients are considered in detail, and many other topics of interest to the bedside clinician are covered, including the ethics of withdrawal of respiratory support and educational issues. Throughout, the text is complemented by numerous illustrations and key information is clearly summarized in tables and lists.

Download or read book Manual of Neonatal Respiratory Care written by Steven M. Donn and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-09 with total page 894 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Respiratory care is the largest overall component of neonatal intensive care, and the fifth edition of the Manual of Neonatal Respiratory Care is the leading bedside guide for all aspects of respiratory care in the neonatal intensive care unit. Its easy-to-read outline format is simple yet comprehensive and covers all aspects of lung disease in the newborn infant, including embryology, principles of mechanical ventilation, procedures and techniques, monitoring, devices, adjunctive therapies, management of respiratory illness, complications, outcomes, and related issues. The latest edition includes fully revised and updated information, coverage on new equipment and devices, and an expanded authorship to enhance its international appeal. The new edition also features two new co-editors, Dr. Mark Mammel and Dr. Anton Van Kaam, internationally recognized experts in the field who bring a fresh perspective to the manual. Divided into sixteen sections, the book begins with a section on lung development and maldevelopment, specifically covering the development of the respiratory system, malformations, deformations, disorders of the neonatal airway, and developmental lung anomalies. The second section reviews the principles of mechanical ventilation, with coverage on such topics as spontaneous breathing, oxygen therapy, oxygen toxicity, pulmonary mechanics, and ventilator parameters. The third section of the manual outlines procedures and techniques, including neonatal resuscitation, laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation, and tracheostomy. The following section dives into the monitoring of the ventilated patient, specifically focusing on continuous monitoring techniques, clinical controversies in pulse oximetry, and echocardiography. The next section spotlights noninvasive ventilatory techniques, such as nasal interfaces, humidified high-flow nasal cannula therapy, and sustained inflation. The sixth section of the manual focuses on ventilatory modes and modalities, with coverage on intermittent mandatory ventilation, pressure support ventilation, and pressure control ventilation. The following section segues into high-frequency ventilation, reviewing general concepts, high-frequency jet ventilation, and high-frequency oscillatory ventilation. The eighth section centers around commonly used neonatal ventilators, such as the DRAEGER VN500 ventilator, the AVEA ventilator, and the Twinstream ventilator. The ninth section reviews adjunctive therapies, including hemodynamic support, nutritional support, the use of sedation and analgesia, inhaled nitric oxide therapy, and ECMO. The tenth section shifts gears to spotlight the management of common neonatal respiratory diseases, with chapters on mechanisms of respiratory failure, tissue hypoxia, respiratory distress syndrome, persistent pulmonary hypertension, and pulmonary hypoplasia/agensis among others. Section eleven reviews the etiology, pathogenesis, and management of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, as well as the long-term outcome of newborns with this chronic lung disease. The next section presents complications associated with mechanical ventilation, such as thoracic air leaks, neonatal pulmonary hemorrhage, and neurologic complications. The following two sections spotlights ethical, legal and other considerations, among them nursing care of the ventilated infant, long-term ventilator dependency, home ventilation, withdrawal of ventilatory support, and medical liability and risk management. The fifteenth section focuses on research and literature, with coverage on interpreting medical literature, data collection and assessment of respiratory outcomes, and contemporary classics in neonatal respiratory care. The final section presents ventilatory case studies. The text also features over 300 high-yield radiographic images, figures, tables, and algorithms.

Download or read book The Effect of Respiratory Management on Neurodevelopmental Outcome in Preterm Infants written by Roos Jeannette Sipkje Vliegenthart and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is growing evidence that invasive mechanical ventilation in preterm infants induces long-term pulmonary morbidity such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia as well as neurodevelopmental sequelae. Therefore, this thesis aims to assess the effect of a restricted respiratory management policy on neurodevelopmental outcome in preterm infants. Based on this thesis, several conclusions can be drawn. First, this thesis demonstrates that the implementation of a non-invasive respiratory support policy is feasible and might be associated with improved neurodevelopmental outcome even in extremely preterm infants. This is supported by our finding that – in this new era of non-invasive respiratory management – every additional day of invasive mechanical ventilation is associated with an increased risk of adverse neurodevelopmental outcome at two years of age. Second, bronchopulmonary dysplasia is associated with an adverse neurodevelopmental outcome at two and five years of age. In addition, increasing severity results in an increased risk of NDI. Similar to the general population, the correlation between two and five years neurodevelopmental outcome is only fair, emphasizing the importance of following up this high-risk population to at least 5 years of age. Finally, there is only limited evidence supporting the use of a higher dose of caffeine and doxapram in the treatment of apnea of prematurity.

Download or read book Fetal and Neonatal Lung Development written by Alan H. Jobe and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-04-18 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lung disease affects more than 600 million people worldwide. While some of these lung diseases have an obvious developmental component, there is growing appreciation that processes and pathways critical for normal lung development are also important for postnatal tissue homeostasis and are dysregulated in lung disease. This book provides an authoritative review of fetal and neonatal lung development and is designed to provide a diverse group of scientists, spanning the basic to clinical research spectrum, with the latest developments on the cellular and molecular mechanisms of normal lung development and injury-repair processes, and how they are dysregulated in disease. The book covers genetics, omics, and systems biology as well as new imaging techniques that are transforming studies of lung development. The reader will learn where the field of lung development has been, where it is presently, and where it is going in order to improve outcomes for patients with common and rare lung diseases.

Download or read book Neonatal Bacterial Infection written by Bernhard Resch and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2013-04-30 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neonatal sepsis still remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the newborn, particularly in preterm, low birth weight infants. Despite advances in neonatal care, overall case-fatality rates from sepsis may be as high as 50%. Clinical signs of bacterial infection are vague and non-specific, and up to now there exists no easily available, reliable marker of infection despite a large bulk of studies focussing on inflammatory indices in neonatology. Every neonatologist is faced with the uncertainty of under- or over- diagnosing bacterial infection. In this book three topics will be discussed: clinical presentation including a general approach to sepsis neonatorum and two distinct diagnoses pneumonia and osteomyelitis diagnostic approaches including C-reactive protein and the immature myeloid information, and prevention and treatment of bacterial infection with immunoglobulins.