Download or read book Resolution on Nuclear Explosions written by Organization of American States. Council and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nuclear Explosions for Peaceful Purposes Draft Resolution Submitted by the United States of America written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nuclear Explosions for Peaceful Purposes the Draft Resolution Submitted by the United States of America in Document GOV 1695 Amendments Proposed by the Federal Republic of Germany written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 1 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proceedings of the Conference on Scientific Applications of Nuclear Explosions Held July 6 8 1959 Los Alamos New Mexico written by and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nuclear Weapons under International Law written by Gro Nystuen and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-08-28 with total page 804 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nuclear Weapons under International Law is a comprehensive treatment of nuclear weapons under key international law regimes. It critically reviews international law governing nuclear weapons with regard to the inter-state use of force, international humanitarian law, human rights law, disarmament law, and environmental law, and discusses where relevant the International Court of Justice's 1996 Advisory Opinion. Unique in its approach, it draws upon contributions from expert legal scholars and international law practitioners who have worked with conventional and non-conventional arms control and disarmament issues. As a result, this book embraces academic consideration of legal questions within the context of broader political debates about the status of nuclear weapons under international law.
Download or read book International Negotiations on the Treaty on the Nonproliferation of Nuclear Weapons written by United States. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background -- ENDC negotiations (1964) Nonaligned developments -- First Chinese Communist test -- Disarmament Commission discussions (1965) -- Eighth session of the ENDC (1965) -- Twentieth General Assembly (1965) -- NATO and Warsaw Treaty arrangements -- Pastore resolutions -- Ninth session of the ENDC, January 27-May 10, 1966 -- Tenth session of the ENDC, June 14-August 25, 1966 -- Tenth General Conference of the IAEA, September 21-28, 1966 -- Twenty-first General Assembly (1966) -- Concerns of non-nuclear-weapon nations -- Draft nonproliferation treaty, August 24, 1967 -- Report by Secretary-General Thant, October 10, 1967 -- Twenty-second General Assembly (Part I) -- Thirteenth session of the ENDC, January 18-March 14, 1968 -- Twenty-second General Assembly (Part II) -- Security Council action on the Tripartite Assurances Proposal -- Signing of the treaty -- Documentary annex.
Download or read book Studies in Relation to the Use of Nuclear Explosions for Peaceful Purposes Draft Resolution Submitted by the United States of America written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Background and Current Developments written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2008 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive nuclear-test-ban treaty (CTBT) is the oldest item on the nuclear arms control agenda. Three treaties currently bar all but underground tests with a maximum force equal to 150,000 tons of TNT. Since 1997, the United States has held 23 "subcritical experiments" at the Nevada Test Site to study how plutonium behaves under pressures generated by explosives. It asserts these experiments do not violate the CTBT because they cannot produce a self-sustaining chain reaction. Russia reportedly held some since 1998. The U.N. General Assembly adopted the CTBT in 1996. As of January 23, 2009, 180 states had signed it; 148, including Russia, had ratified. Of the 44 that must ratify the treaty for it to enter into force, 41 had signed and 35 had ratified. Five conferences have been held to facilitate entry into force, most recently in 2007. In 1997, President Clinton sent the CTBT to the Senate. In October 1999, the Senate rejected it, 48 for, 51 against, 1 present. It is on the Senate Foreign Relations Committee's calendar. It would require a two-thirds Senate vote to send the treaty back to the President for disposal or to give advice and consent for ratification. The Obama Administration plans to seek Senate approval of the CTBT, followed by a diplomatic effort to secure ratification by the remaining states that must ratify for the treaty to enter into force.
Download or read book Proposals to Ban Nuclear Testing written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Documents on Disarmament written by United States. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 938 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Last Chance written by William Epstein and published by New York : Free Press. This book was released on 1976 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study of the growing threat of nuclear catastrophe brought about by the increasing numbers of nations with nuclear weapons.
Download or read book Hiroshima and Nagasaki written by Douglas Holdstock and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 1995 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines the background and effects of the bombings and looks at the lessons for a world which harbours 45,000 nuclear warheads.
Download or read book Nuclear Reduction Testing and Non proliferation written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations. Subcommittee on Arms Control, International Organizations, and Security Agreements and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Comprehensive Study of the Question of Nuclear weapon free Zones in All Its Aspects written by United Nations. Conference of the Committee on Disarmament and published by New York : United Nations. This book was released on 1976 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of Nuclear Earth Penetrator and Other Weapons written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2005-10-06 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Underground facilities are used extensively by many nations to conceal and protect strategic military functions and weapons' stockpiles. Because of their depth and hardened status, however, many of these strategic hard and deeply buried targets could only be put at risk by conventional or nuclear earth penetrating weapons (EPW). Recently, an engineering feasibility study, the robust nuclear earth penetrator program, was started by DOE and DOD to determine if a more effective EPW could be designed using major components of existing nuclear weapons. This activity has created some controversy about, among other things, the level of collateral damage that would ensue if such a weapon were used. To help clarify this issue, the Congress, in P.L. 107-314, directed the Secretary of Defense to request from the NRC a study of the anticipated health and environmental effects of nuclear earth-penetrators and other weapons and the effect of both conventional and nuclear weapons against the storage of biological and chemical weapons. This report provides the results of those analyses. Based on detailed numerical calculations, the report presents a series of findings comparing the effectiveness and expected collateral damage of nuclear EPW and surface nuclear weapons under a variety of conditions.
Download or read book Resolutions of Disapproval Pertaining to the Shipment of Nuclear Fuel to India written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Negotiations written by Maurice A. Mallin and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On July 16, 1945, the United States conducted the world's first nuclear explosive test in Alamagordo, New Mexico. The test went off as planned; a nuclear chain reaction, in the form of an explosion, could be created. Less than a month later, nuclear weapons were used to support Allied efforts to end World War II. Just 4 years later, on August 29, 1949, the Soviet Union conducted its first nuclear test. The United States intensified efforts to develop the hydrogen bomb, which it tested in 1952. The development of new nuclear weapon designs, as well as the imperative to test these designs, were now inextricably linked. Nuclear tests were considered essential to maintaining confidence in the effectiveness and usability of these weapons. Since the Alamogordo test, upwards of 2,000 nuclear tests have taken place globally. Of these, 528 were conducted in the atmosphere, with significant environmental consequences. Between 1945 and 1950, seven atmospheric nuclear tests took place. As the Cold War escalated, weapons testing accelerated: 63 such tests occurred between 1951 and 1954. Three of these were conducted by the United Kingdom, who joined the nuclear "club" with a test in 1952 (France tested in 1960, followed by China in 1964). In 1954, after an unexpectedly powerful and environmentally damaging test called Castle Bravo took place over Bikini Atoll in the Asia Pacific, Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru called for a "standstill" in nuclear explosive testing: "Pending progress towards some solution, full or partial, in respect of the prohibition of these weapons of mass destruction, the Government would consider, some sort of what may be called a "standstill agreement" in respect, at least, of these actual explosions." In 1958 the United States, the Soviet Union, and the United Kingdom undertook negotiations over a cessation of nuclear testing, but a number of issues, mostly related to verifying compliance, proved intractable. Some success was attained after the Cuban Missile Crisis, as the three parties agreed in 1963 to the Limited Test Ban Treaty (LTBT), which banned all nuclear testing in the atmosphere, in space, or underwater. Nuclear tests would henceforth be permitted only underground. Subsequent efforts to negotiate a complete cessation proved unsuccessful until 1994, when negotiations on a multilateral comprehensive nuclear test ban began in earnest. These negotiations were completed in 1996. Shortly thereafter, a treaty text was overwhelmingly supported at the United Nations. However, over 20 years later, the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) has not yet entered into force. As such, this case study will consider the following: -- the developments that led to the start of negotiations; - the perspectives of the key actors and their impacts upon the negotiations; - summary of the negotiations, focusing on key issues and the efforts to reach resolution on them; - the endgame of the negotiationsa few key lessons learned, which may have utility for future multilateral negotiations, touching on issues associated with leadership, factors that impact decisionmaking, and how a negotiation must balance national interests and negotiating objectives.
