Download or read book Resolution of the Hanford Site Ferrocyanide Safety Issue written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Ferrocyanide Safety Issue at the Hanford Site was officially resolved in December 1996. This paper summarizes the key activities that led to final resolution of this safety hazard, a process that began in 1990 after it and other safety concerns were identified for the underground high-level waste storage tanks at the Hanford Site. At the time little was known about ferrocyanide-nitrate/nitrite reactions and their potential to cause offsite releases of radioactivity. The ferrocyanide hazard was a perceived problem, but it took six years of intense studies and analyses of tank samples to prove that the problem no longer exists. The issue revolved around the fact that ferrocyanide and nitrate mixtures can be made to explode violently if concentrated, dry, and heated to temperatures of at least 250 °C. The studies conducted over the last six years have shown that the combined effects of temperature, radiation, and pH during 40 or more years of storage have destroyed almost all of the ferrocyanide originally added to tanks. This was shown in laboratory experiments using simulant wastes and confirmed by actual samples taken from the ferrocyanide tanks. The tank waste sludges are now too dilute to support a sustained exothermic reaction, even if dried out and heated to high temperatures. 2 tabs., 18 refs.

Download or read book Program Plan for Resolution of the Ferrocyanide Waste Tank Safety Issue at the Hanford Site written by United States. Department of Energy. Richland Operations Office and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Resolving the Ferrocyanide Safety Issue at the Hanford Site written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Considerable data have been obtained on the chemical and physical properties of ferrocyanide waste stored in Hanford Site single-shell tanks (SSTs). Theoretical analyses and ferrocyanide waste simulant studies have led to the development of fuel, moisture, and temperature criteria that define continued safe storage. Developing the criteria provides the technical basis for closing the Ferrocyanide Unreviewed Safety Question (USQ). Using the safety criteria, the ferrocyanide tanks have been ranked into one of three safety categories: Safe, Conditionally Safe, and Unsafe. All the ferrocyanide tanks are currently ranked in either the Safe or Conditionally Safe categories. Analyses of core samples taken from three ferrocyanide tanks have shown cyanide concentrations about a factor of ten lower than predicted by the original flowsheets. Hydrolytic and radiolytic destruction (aging) of the ferrocyanide matrix has occurred during the 35 plus years the waste has been stored at the Hanford Site. Because of waste aging, it is possible that all of the ferrocyanide tanks may now contain less than the 8 wt % sodium nickel ferrocyanide specified in the fuel criterion for the Safe category. Ferrocyanide tanks that remain in the Conditionally Safe category may require monitoring and surveillance to verify that the waste remains in an unreactive state. Further characterization of the tanks by core sampling and analyses should lead to resolution of the Ferrocyanide Safety Issue by September 1997.

Download or read book Bygningslov for Kj bst derne i Kongeriget Danmark Stadf stet Af Hs Maj Kong Frederik VII Den 30te December 1858 Med Till g Af 3 Januar 1890 written by and published by . This book was released on 1899 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Data Requirements for the Ferrocyanide Safety Issue Developed Through the Data Quality Objectives Process Revision 1 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document provides the requirements for obtaining tank characterization information to support resolution of the Ferrocyanide Safety Issue at the Hanford Site by applying the data quality objectives (DQO) process. A strategy describing the overall approach to safe storage and disposal of the waste in the ferrocyanide tanks identifies the problems and decisions that require characterization data. The DQO process is applied to each decision or group of related decisions to specify data requirements.

Download or read book Resolution of Safety Issues Associated with the Storage of High level Radioactive Waste at the Hanford Site written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A number of high-level radioactive waste (HLW) safety issues have been identified at the Hanford Site in southeastern Washington State. Resolution of these issues is one of the Highest Priorities of the US Department of Energy. The most urgent issues are the potential for explosions in certain tanks (due to periodic venting of large quantities of flammable gases, or the presence of substantial quantities of ferrocyanide and/or organic compounds in combination with nitrates-nitrites). Other safety issues have been identified as well, such as the requirement for periodic water additions to one tank to control its temperature and the release of noxious vapors from a number of tanks. Substantial progress has been made toward safety issue resolution. Potential mechanisms have been identified for the generation, retention and periodic venting of flammable gas mixtures; potential methods for controlling the periodic release behavior have been identified and in-tank testing will be initiated in 1992. Research is being conducted to determine the initiation temperatures, energetics, reaction sequences and effects of catalysts and initiators on ferrocyanide-nitrate/nitrite reactions; waste characterization on a tank-by-tank basis will be required to identify whether ferrocyanide-containing wastes are safe to store as-is or will require further treatment to eliminate safety concerns. Resolution of all of the Hanford Site HLW safety issues will be accomplished as an integral part of the Hanford Tank Waste Remediation System, that has been established to manage the storage of these wastes and their preparation for disposal.

Download or read book Ferrocyanide Safety Program Safety Criteria for Ferrocyanide Watch List Tanks written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report provides a technical basis for closing the ferrocyanide Unreviewed Safety Question (USQ) at the Hanford Site. Three work efforts were performed in developing this technical basis. The efforts described herein are: 1. The formulation of criteria for ranking the relative safety of waste in each ferrocyanide tank. 2. The current classification of tanks into safety categories by comparing available information on tank contents with the safety criteria; 3. The identification of additional information required to resolve the ferrocyanide safety issue.

Download or read book The Office of Environmental Management Technical Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 972 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Data Quality Objectives Process Applied to Characterization of Hanford Tanks Containing Ferrocyanide written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since 1944, underground storage tanks located at the Hanford Site in Richland, Washington, have stored approximately 277,000 m3 (60 Mgal) of highly radioactive and non-radioactive wastes. Recently, a number of safety issues have arisen concerning these tanks, with regard to worker and public health. The US Department of Energy (DOE) has made the resolution of these safety concerns its number one priority at the Hanford Site. The safety program of the Tank Waste Remediation System (TWRS) was developed to provide an integrated approach to resolution of these waste tank safety issues and safety concerns. The Characterization Program within TWRS is responsible for characterizing the wastes contained in the tanks. To ensure that characterization activities provide data that will be adequate to resolve safety concerns, the Data Quality Objectives (DQO) process is being implemented.

Download or read book Assessment of the Potential for Ferrocyanide Propagating Reaction Accidents written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The risk posed by the continued storage of ferrocyanide wastes in Hanford Site underground storage tanks has been studied extensively using theoretical analyses, laboratory experiments, tank monitoring, and waste sampling. This report provides an assessment of this hazard and provides the technical basis to resolve the Ferrocyanide Safety Issue for the 18 tanks, and supports the removal of these tanks from the Watch List. Based on the assessment provided in this report, the ferrocyanide waste in all 18 of the current ferrocyanide Watch List tanks, is categorized as safe and cannot burn or explode.

Download or read book Radioactive Waste Management written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Hanford Site Tank Waste Remediation Systems TWRS Management and Disposal of Radioactive Hazardous and Mixed Wastes City of Richland Grant County written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Groundwater Contamination and Remediation written by Timothy D. Scheibe and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-12-07 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Groundwater Contamination and Remediation" that was published in Water

Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 782 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Hearings Before and Special Reports Made by Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives on Subjects Affecting the Naval and Military Establishments written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 1220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Department of Defense Authorization for Appropriations for Fiscal Year 1993 and the Future Years Defense Program written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Armed Services and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 772 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Nuclear Waste Cleanup Technologies and Opportunities written by Robert Noyes and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-01-15 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the largest, most complicated and expensive environmental problems in the United States is the cleanup of nuclear wastes. The US Department of Energy (DOE) has approximately 4,000 contaminated sites covering tens of thousands of acres and replete with contaminated hazardous or radioactive waste, soil, or structures. In addition to high-level waste, it has more than 250,000 cubic meters of transuranic waste and millions of cubic meters of low-level radio-active waste. In addition, DOE is responsible for thousands of facilities awaiting decontamination, decommissioning, and dismantling. DOE and its predecessors have been involved in the management of radioactive wastes since 1943, when such wastes were first generated in significant quantities as by-products of nuclear weapons production. Waste connected with DOE's nuclear weapons complex has been accumulating as a result of various operations spanning over five decades. The cost estimates for nuclear waste cleanup in the United States have been rapidly rising. It has recently been estimated to be in a range from $200 to $350 billion. Costs could vary considerably based on future philosophies as to whether to isolate certain sites (the ""iron fence"" philosophy), or clean them up to a pristine condition (the ""greenfields"" philosophy). Funding will also be based on Congressional action that may reduce environmental cleanup, based on budget considerations.