Download or read book Residue Management and Yield Characteristics of Fine Fescue Seed Crops written by Derek David Schumacher and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chewings fescue [Festuca rubra L. subsp. fallax (Thuill.) Nyman] is a desired turfgrass with dense sod forming capabilities and superior shade tolerance. Thermal residue management (open-field burning) has traditionally been used to remove post-harvest residue and maintain seed yield over the life of the stand. However, alternative non-thermal residue management practices have been observed to produce adequate seed yields dependent upon cultivar. Strong creeping red fescue (F. rubra L. subsp. rubra) is desired for its prolific tillering capacity and creeping rhizomatous growth habit. In contrast to Chewings fescue, maintenance of seed yield in strong creeping red fescue has only been profitably produced under thermal residue management. Slender creeping red fescue [F. rubra L. var. littoralis (Vasey)] is a desired turfgrass with a compact, less rhizomatous growth habit, similar to Chewings fescue in desirable turf attributes. However, little is known about the effects of post-harvest residue management in slender creeping red fescue. The objectives of this study were: 1) to evaluate seed yield and yield components among different cultivars to thermal (open-burning), and non-thermal (flail low and flail high) post-harvest residue management; 2) to evaluate harvest index and percent cleanout to thermal and non-thermal residue management in different cultivars; and 3) and to provide an economic analysis of thermal and non-thermal residue management in all cultivars based on partial budgeting. Three post-harvest residue management treatments (burn, flail low and flail high) were applied over the course of two years. Seed yield components measured included: total dry weight, fertile tiller number, spikelets per panicle, florets per spikelet, and panicle length. Final seed yield in each cultivar and residue management treatment method was determined after seed harvest and conditioning. Seed yield component analysis was conducted over three production seasons. Chewings fescue, strong creeping red fescue, and slender creeping red fescue cultivars responded differently to residue management as indicated by a residue management by cultivar interaction. In 2003 and 2004, residue management by cultivar interactions were evident in seed number, seed weight, fertile tiller number, percent cleanout, harvest index, and seed yield. Residue management by cultivar interactions occurred in spikelets per panicle in 2003, whereas in 2004 a residue management by cultivar interaction occurred in panicle length and florets per spikelet. In 2004, non-thermal flail low, and thermal residue management resulted in significantly greater spikelets per panicle in all cultivars. Thermal residue management resulted in the greatest number of spikelets per panicle. Results indicate that thermal residue management best maintained seed yield in most subspecies and cultivars across both years. However, in 2003, non-thermal flail low residue management produced profitable seed yield in only Marker slender creeping red fescue. In contrast, thermal residue management resulted in poor seed yields in Marker slender creeping red fescue and enhanced yields in Seabreeze slender creeping red fescue in 2003. However, following the second year of thermal treatment in 2004, Marker and Seabreeze both had lower seed yields, thus exhibiting the only negative impact of thermal management among the cultivars tested in this study. Moreover, upon review of an economic analysis, Marker slender red fescue was the only cultivar that produced a positive net return of $78 and $4 ha−1 under non-thermal residue management in 2003 and 2004, respectively. Furthermore, in 2003, thermal residue management net return increases ranged from $104 ha−1 to -$996 ha−1 in Barnica and Shademark, respectively. In 2004, thermal residue management net return increases ranged from $115 ha−1 and $1,332 ha−1 in Seabreeze and Shademark, respectively. Poor seed yields were observed in all strong creeping red fescue cultivars under non-thermal residue management across both years of the study. This may be attributed to an observed reduction in fertile tiller number and seed yield. In addition, percent seed cleanout was increased with non-thermal residue management. In 2004, as stand age increased, thermal residue management resulted in greater seed yields in all cultivars and species, except both cultivars of slender creeping red fescue. Thus, this study provided substantial evidence that thermal residue management has the potential to maintain or increase fine fescue seed yield as stands age as well as to maintain stand profitability.

Download or read book Advances in Agriculture Research and Application 2012 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-12-26 with total page 1325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Agriculture Research and Application / 2012 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Agriculture. The editors have built Advances in Agriculture Research and Application / 2012 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Agriculture in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Advances in Agriculture Research and Application / 2012 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

Download or read book The Effect of Residue Removal and Burning on the Growth of Festuca Longifolia Thuill and Festuca Rubra L Subsp Commutata Gaud Established for Seed Production written by Gregory S. Vollmer and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hard Fescue (Festuca longifolia Thuill.) has potential for in creased turf use but does not respond well to normal seed production management practices in Oregon. Field burning (the normal residue management practice) results in reduced seed yields in commercial hard fescue seed production fields but stimulates seed production in Chewings fescue (Festuca rubra L. subsp. commutata Gaud.) and other species. The purpose of this study was to describe differences in tillering patterns in hard fescue and Chewings fescue in response to various post harvest residue management treatments. Burn and crewcut (clip and vacuum) post harvest residue management treatments were applied on two different dates. Information on number and type of tiller units and tillers produced, dry weights, leaf number and length, tiller fertility and components of yield was collected through one seed production season. Differences in hard and Chewings fescue were indicated by cultivar x management interactions in many of the components measured. Chewings fescue has the ability to recover from all but the most severe (late burn) management by November while tiller numbers were reduced in all but the least severe (early crewcut) management in hard fescue on that date. Differences were also observed in the type of tiller produced. Hard fescue produced a higher percentage of aerial tillers than did the Chewings fescue. These aerial tillers did not survive beyond February and made no apparent contribution to yield. No differences were observed in the number of early season basal tillers. A high vegetative tiller population was maintained in hard fescue until harvest while in Chewings fescue dry matter production was concentrated in fertile tillers. The superior seed yield of the Chewings fescue cultivar was due to a 30% greater number of fertile tillers per unit area and a 25% greater mean seed weight. Differences in seed yield between species cannot be simply attributed to the availability of early season basal tillers for floral induction but are due to the effects of intertiller competition, dry matter partitioning and the genetic propensity to favor seed production over the maintenance of vegetative tillers. In this study, normal (early) burning did not reduce the seed yield of the hard fescue cultivars. This was attributed to the pretreatment flail chop and partial removal of harvest litter. This suggests that a modified burn management system may increase or main tain hard fescue seed yield.

Download or read book Proceedings Of The Xiv International Grassland Congress written by J. Allan Smith and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-09-16 with total page 878 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Approximately 1500 scientists from around the globe participated in the InternationalGrassland Congress at the University of Kentucky in 1981, sharing existingknowledge of grasslands and exploring methods for increasing the productivity oflivestock/forage systems so as to better feed mankind while maintaining or improvingenvironmental quality. Of the nearly 500 papers presented on previously unpublishedoriginal research or experimental research and development projects, 273 were selectedfor inclusion in this book. They cover the current basic and applied research on productionand utilization of forages from grasslands the world over.

Download or read book Tall Fescue Seed Production Alley Cropped in a Hardwood Tree Plantation written by Thomas Arthur Settle and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alley cropping is an agroforestry practice that utilizes the space between rows of trees to produce an alternate crop. Tall fescue demonstrates shade tolerance and may be well suited for the production of certified seed in alley-cropping systems in Missouri. The objective was to evaluate tall fescue seed production in alley cropping. Three management practices associated with grass seed production were also evaluated; row spacing, N fertilization, and post-harvest residue management. In 2004 seed yields in the alley-cropped plots were similar to the open plots; in 2005, all plots had reduced yield and the alley-cropped plots yielded significantly less than the open plots. We attribute the decrease of the second year harvest to poor soil moisture and increased competition from trees. Seed yield was closely related to the number of reproductive culms m-1 of row; however, there were no differences among treatments for seed weight and seeds culm-1. This research shows that tall fescue seed yield in an alley-cropping system can be equal to yields from pasture until competition for resources from trees has a negative influence on the crop. A producer who is interested in establishing an orchard should find that certified turf-type tall fescue is a viable crop for an alley-cropping system.

Download or read book Summaries of Papers written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Proceedings RMRS written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book National Proceedings written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Managing Cover Crops Profitably 3rd Ed written by Andy Clark and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2008-07 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cover crops slow erosion, improve soil, smother weeds, enhance nutrient and moisture availability, help control many pests and bring a host of other benefits to your farm. At the same time, they can reduce costs, increase profits and even create new sources of income. You¿ll reap dividends on your cover crop investments for years, since their benefits accumulate over the long term. This book will help you find which ones are right for you. Captures farmer and other research results from the past ten years. The authors verified the info. from the 2nd ed., added new results and updated farmer profiles and research data, and added 2 chap. Includes maps and charts, detailed narratives about individual cover crop species, and chap. about aspects of cover cropping.

Download or read book Physiological Responses of Creeping Red Fescue to Stubble Management and Plant Growth Regulators written by Paul David Meints and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Legislation to reduce open field burning in grass seed fields within the Willamette valley of western Oregon changed established production practices. In the creeping grasses such as Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) and creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L.) non-thermal management resulted in reduced yield. Studies were conducted to examine the effects of three stubble height treatments in comparison to open field burning in creeping red fescue seed production. The effects of light quality on characteristics of plant development were investigated in field and controlled environments. Exogenous applications of plant growth regulators (PGR's) were made to elucidate the causes of low seed yields observed without burning. Field plots were prepared in fall of 1994, and 1995 in creeping red fescue commercial production fields as well as at Hyslop research farm in 1995. Three cultivars were included in the trial; Shademaster and Hector, which produce many rhizomes, and Seabreeze which produces few rhizomes. The effects of stubble height, PGRs, and field burning were measured during fall regrowth and flowering. Non-structural carbohydrates available for early regrowth were reduced when stubble was removed below 5.0 cm, particularly in first-year stands. Fall tiller height was increased by stubble remaining and was negatively correlated with flowering. Rhizome development was reduced when stubble was removed mechanically or burned to the crown, whereas yield potential was increased. Fall ethylene application reduced fall tiller height, fall tiller number, and percent fertile tillers the following spring and was similar to control treatment compared with burn. Other PGRs did not produce consistent results in this study. Excess ethylene produced by decaying stubble may impact floral induction and reduce yield potential in creeping red fescue seed crops. Light quality as measured by red:far-red ratio (R:FR) was reduced by canopy closure during regrowth but not by the presence of stubble. In controlled environment studies, red light (R) promoted taller tillers, greater stage of development, and greater tiller number than far-red (FR) light. Sunlight enriched with FR completely inhibited rhizome formation. Results suggest that environments with excess reflected FR may negatively impact early development of creeping red fescue seed crops.

Download or read book Influence of Post harvest Burning Thinning Shading and Residue Management on the Subsequent Growth and Seed Yield of Festuca Rubra L written by Syng Chul Kim and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effects of post-harvest burning of red fescue on production of shoots, roots and inflorescences as well as seed yield were determined at the clonal and community level by comparing fescue plants in a burned area with those in unburned plots within the same field. Studies were also conducted to determine what environmental factors are involved in the seed yield increase of red fescue subsequent to burning. Open post-harvest burning of straw and stubble of red fescue was beneficial in maintaining high seed yield. An increase in tiller population coupled with vigorous root growth during the fall and winter and a greater number of inflorescences produced the following spring were the most significant differences observed in the burned area. Seed yield increases in burned plots were a direct result of increased panicles per unit area. Complete removal of residue either by hand or mechanical means also resulted in seed yield comparable to that from burning. Complete removal of residue either by burning or mechanical methods also increased early season tiller development. Apparently more of these tillers were florally induced than tillers produced on non-residue removed plots. The increased early season tillering and the effective fertile tiller production on burned plots appeared to be due to a more favorable micro-environment created by residue removal. The major environmental factors involved in this positive response of red fescue seed production were light intensity and temperature. Although it was not studied, nutritional condition of the plant during floral induction could be an additional, beneficial response to burning resulting from more efficient fertilizer utilization.

Download or read book Research Reporting Series written by and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Soil Survey written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Expos s de Sections Sp cialis es written by R. Desroches and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 1921 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Trinexapac ethyl and Open field Burning in Creeping Red Fescue Festuca Rubra L Seed Production in the Willamette Valley written by Maria Luz Zapiola and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Open-field burning has been an effective, economical, and widespread method of post-harvest residue management in creeping red fescue seed production in the Willamette Valley since the late 1940s. However, the use of field burning has been legislatively restricted due to air quality and safety issues. The foliar-applied plant growth regulator trinexapac-ethyl (TE), commercialized in the USA as Palisade, has been accepted by producers as a yield enhancing agent and is considered here as an alternative to open-field burning over a four-year period. The effects of open-field burning versus mechanical removal (flailing) of post-harvest residue, and spring versus fall applications of TE on seed yield, dry matter partitioning, and seed yield components were evaluated in a split-plot design. The response to the different treatment combinations differed across years. The young stand responded with a seed yield increase to spring TE applications, regardless of residue management treatment. However, as the stand aged, field burning became critical for maintaining high yields and, in 2003 and 2004, only spring TE applications resulted in seed yield increases in burned plots. The higher potential seed yield achieved in burned plots over flailed plots, as a result of a higher number of panicles per unit area and spikelets per panicle, was critical for maintaining high seed yields as the stand aged. Spring applications of TE, further increased seed yield over the untreated check by increasing the number of florets per spikelet, reducing fertile tiller height and lodging and consequently, favoring pollination and fertilization of the florets. Late spring TE applications also increased 1000-seed weight in 2003 and 2004. Although spring applications of TE were a promising alternative to open-field burning early during the life of the stand, as the stand aged they did not increase seed yield on flailed plots. Fall TE applications did not have a consistent effect on seed yield, dry matter partitioning or seed yield components, and were found not to be a viable management practice.

Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 1732 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture with Subject Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1987-10 with total page 1238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: