Download or read book Residential Mortgage Lending Discrimination and Lender Risk Compensating Policies written by Henry Buist and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Boston Federal Reserve study (Munnell et al. 1996) concluded that illegal discrimination is a statistically significant contributor to the observed gap between white and minority residential-mortgage rejection rates. The Boston study speculated that discrimination arises because lenders do not equally apply risk compensation or mitigation policies for imperfect loans. Using the same 1990 Boston loan application data, our study specifically examines the relation between compensating policies and discrimination. Since compensating policies are encouraged by secondary-mortgage-market sale guidelines, we model both the lender's origination decision and its loan sale decision. Using a rule-based artificial-intelligence technique applied to each lender, we infer compensating policies (rules) that equally apply to all races and explain lending decisions. A minority-race indicator loses its statistical significance when an indicator of compensating-policy violations appears in the loan acceptreject equation. This result reflects the fact that the risk levels of marginal minority loans tend to be more extreme than those of marginal white loans. However, the result does not necessarily reject the existence of discrimination. Equally applied policies may be empirically indistinguishable from unfairly applied policies. In addition, equally applied policies may fail the adverse-impact doctrine if they do not serve a business necessity (such as profits). The industry's move away from discretionary, rule-based decisions to mortgage scoring answers the need for a decision framework that rigorously uses loan performance to evaluate all loan applicants fairly.
Download or read book Mortgage Lending Racial Discrimination and Federal Policy written by John Goering and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-12-20 with total page 665 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1997, this volume features a wealth of contributions discussing mortgage lending discrimination and the role of the FHA, fair lending enforcement and the Decatur case, along with the future of mortgage discrimination research. This key civil rights debate in the wake of the Fair Housing Act 25 years prior is evaluated and clarified through rigorous review of fair lending research, applied projects and enforcement activities to date. It argues forcefully that the right to take out a mortgage to buy a home should be conditioned only upon one’s credit worthiness and not on one’s race or ethnic group.
Download or read book What We Know About Mortgage Lending Discrimination in America written by Margery Austin Turner and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2000-07 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Department of Housing and Human Development (HUD) presents the report "What We Know About Mortgage Lending Discrimination in America." The report outlines how discrimination can affect access to mortgage capital for minorities.
Download or read book Discriminating Risk written by Guy Stuart and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2018-07-05 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. home mortgage industry first formalized risk criteria in the 1920s and 1930s to determine which applicants should receive funds. Over the past eighty years, these formulae have become more sophisticated. Guy Stuart demonstrates that the very concepts on which lenders base their decisions reflect a set of social and political values about "who deserves what." Stuart examines the fine line between licit choice and illicit discrimination, arguing that lenders, while eradicating blatantly discriminatory practices, have ignored the racial and economic-class biases that remain encoded in their decision processes. He explains why African Americans and Latinos continue to be at a disadvantage in gaining access to loans: discrimination, he finds, results from the interaction between the way lenders make decisions and the way they shape the social structure of the mortgage and housing markets.Mortgage lenders, Stuart contends, are embedded in and shape a social context that can best be understood in terms of rules, networks, and the production of space. Stuart's history of lenders' risk criteria reveals that they were synthesized from rules of thumb, cultural norms, and untested theories. In addition, his interviews with real estate and lending professionals in the Chicago housing market show us how the criteria are implemented today. Drawing on census and Home Mortgage Disclosure Act data for quantitative support, Stuart concludes with concrete policy proposals that take into account the social structure in which lenders make decisions.
Download or read book Mortgage Money who Gets It written by United States Commission on Civil Rights and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Discrimination in Home Mortgage Lending written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. Subcommittee on Consumer and Regulatory Affairs and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mortgage Lending Discrimination written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Financial Services and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Redlining and Disinvestment as a Discriminatory Practice in Residential Mortgage Loans written by University of Illinois at Chicago Circle. Urban-Suburban Investment Study Group and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Unlawful Discrimination in Residential Mortgage Lending written by Center for National Policy Review (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Residential Mortgage Lending Disparities in Washington D C written by United States Commission on Civil Rights. District of Columbia Advisory Committee and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Discrimination in Mortgage Lending written by Robert Schafer and published by MIT Press (MA). This book was released on 1981 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book substitutes rigorous and systematic analysis for the undocumented claims that have characterized the debate on "redlining"--the denial of mortgage money to poorer neighborhoods. In addition, Schafer and Ladd discuss discrimination against individuals, appraisal practices, and the likelihood of default, analyze recent policy decisions, and recommend a range of new policies. The thorough documentation that supports this analysis was obtained through an examination of individual mortgage applications--denials as well as approvals--in New York and California, the only two states in which such data is available, its disclosure mandated under state law.One of the book's major findings is that discrimination in home financing is based far more on an individual's race than on the location of the property--that although the redlining debate has turned on the issue of geographic discrimination, the underlying reality is one of racial discrimination, and individuals are more often the targets than are neighborhoods.After an introductory chapter, "Discrimination in Mortgage Lending" takes up default risk in mortgage lending, appraisal practices, the flow of funds, lending decision models, the decision to lend in California, mortgage credit terms in California, the decision to lend in New York, mortgage credit terms in New York, a summary of results, and recommendations.
Download or read book Mortgage Discrimination written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. Subcommittee on Consumer and Regulatory Affairs and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mortgage Lending Racial Discrimination and Federal Policy written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 743 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Rooting Out Discrimination in Mortgage Lending written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Financial Services. Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mortgage Lending written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mortgage Reform Potential Impacts of Provisions in the Dodd Frank Act on Homebuyers and the Mortgage Market written by DIANE Publishing Company and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2011 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Dodd-Frank Act is intended to reform residential mortgage lending and securitization practices that contributed to the recent financial crisis. The Act provides some liability protection for lenders originating mortgages that meet nine specified criteria associated with a borrower¿s ability to repay (¿qualified mortgages¿). The act also requires securitizers of mortgages not meeting separate criteria associated with lower default risk to retain at least 5% of the credit risk. This report discusses the potential impact of the act¿s: (1) qualified mortgage criteria; (2) credit risk retention requirement; and (3) provisions concerning homeownership counseling and regulation of high-cost loans. Charts and tables. This is a print on demand report.
Download or read book Feasibility Study on a Methodology for Measuring Discrimination in Residential Mortgage Lending written by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation and published by The Corporation. This book was released on 1995 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mortgage discrimination has been at the centre of housing policy research in the United States for the past two decades. Despite increasing levels of regulation to eliminate this practice, a furious debate remains over whether it exists at all. Increasingly sophisticated research has produced ambiguous results. There is no evidence to suggest that mortgage market discrimination is a problem in Canada. However, because it exists in many other areas of society, there is no reason to assume that the mortgage lending process is immune. Because discrimination may potentially eliminate otherwise credit-worthy borrowers, standard economic theory argues that profit maximizing lenders will not discriminate. Discrimination may, however, result from lack of experience or understanding of certain groups of borrowers. For example, lenders who are conservative in the face of uncertainty may discriminate inadvertently. In other cases, lenders may be willing to forego profit if discrimination is practised for personal, cultural or social reasons. This paper examines the concept of discrimination in residential mortgage lending, reviews and evaluates the approaches that have been developed to detect the existence of discrimination in the U.S., and presents a possible research program suitable for lending firms and governments in Canada.
