Download or read book Residential Design Using AutoCAD 2019 written by Daniel John Stine and published by SDC Publications. This book was released on 2018 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Residential Design Using AutoCAD 2019 is an introductory level tutorial which uses residential design exercises as the means to teach you AutoCAD 2019. Each book comes with access to extensive video instruction in which the author explains the most common tools and techniques used when designing residential buildings using AutoCAD 2019. After completing this book you will have a well-rounded knowledge of Computer Aided Drafting that can be used in the industry and the satisfaction of having completed a set of residential drawings. This textbook starts with a basic introduction to AutoCAD 2019. The first three chapters are intended to get you familiar with the user interface and the most common menus and tools. Throughout the rest of the book you will design a residence through to its completion. Using step-by-step tutorial lessons, the residential project is followed through to create elevations, sections, details, etc. Throughout the project, new AutoCAD commands are covered at the appropriate time. Focus is placed on the most essential parts of a command rather than an exhaustive review of every sub-feature of a particular command. The Appendix contains a bonus section covering the fundamental principles of engineering graphics that relate to architecture. This book also comes with extensive video instruction as well as bonus chapters that cover must know commands, sketching exercises, a roof study workbook and much more.

Download or read book Residential Design Using AutoCAD 2021 written by Daniel John Stine and published by SDC Publications. This book was released on 2020-03 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Residential Design Using AutoCAD 2021 is an introductory level tutorial which uses residential design exercises as the means to teach you AutoCAD 2021. Each book comes with access to extensive video instruction in which the author explains the most common tools and techniques used when designing residential buildings using AutoCAD 2021. After completing this book you will have a well-rounded knowledge of Computer Aided Drafting that can be used in the industry and the satisfaction of having completed a set of residential drawings. This textbook starts with a basic introduction to AutoCAD 2021. The first three chapters are intended to get you familiar with the user interface and the most common menus and tools. Throughout the rest of the book you will design a residence through to its completion. Using step-by-step tutorial lessons, the residential project is followed through to create elevations, sections, details, etc. Throughout the project, new AutoCAD commands are covered at the appropriate time. Focus is placed on the most essential parts of a command rather than an exhaustive review of every sub-feature of a particular command. The Appendix contains a bonus section covering the fundamental principles of engineering graphics that relate to architecture. This book also comes with extensive video instruction as well as bonus chapters that cover must know commands, sketching exercises, a roof study workbook and much more. About the Videos Each book includes access to extensive video training created by author Daniel Stine. The videos make it easy to see the exact menu selections made by the author while he describes how and why each step is made making it straightforward and simple to learn AutoCAD. These videos allow you to become familiar with the menu selections and techniques before you begin the tutorial. By watching these videos you will be more confident in what you are doing and have a better understanding of the desired outcome of each lesson.

Download or read book Residential Design Using AutoCAD 2022 written by Daniel John Stine and published by SDC Publications. This book was released on 2021-04 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Residential Design Using AutoCAD 2022 is an introductory level tutorial which uses residential design exercises as the means to teach you AutoCAD 2022. Each book comes with access to extensive video instruction in which the author explains the most common tools and techniques used when designing residential buildings using AutoCAD 2022. After completing this book you will have a well-rounded knowledge of Computer Aided Drafting that can be used in the industry and the satisfaction of having completed a set of residential drawings. This textbook starts with a basic introduction to AutoCAD 2022. The first three chapters are intended to get you familiar with the user interface and the most common menus and tools. Throughout the rest of the book you will design a residence through to its completion. Using step-by-step tutorial lessons, the residential project is followed through to create elevations, sections, details, etc. Throughout the project, new AutoCAD commands are covered at the appropriate time. Focus is placed on the most essential parts of a command rather than an exhaustive review of every sub-feature of a particular command. The Appendix contains a bonus section covering the fundamental principles of engineering graphics that relate to architecture. This book also comes with extensive video instruction as well as bonus chapters that cover must know commands, sketching exercises, a roof study workbook and much more. About the Videos Each book includes access to extensive video training created by author Daniel Stine. The videos make it easy to see the exact menu selections made by the author while he describes how and why each step is made making it straightforward and simple to learn AutoCAD. These videos allow you to become familiar with the menu selections and techniques before you begin the tutorial. By watching these videos you will be more confident in what you are doing and have a better understanding of the desired outcome of each lesson.

Download or read book AutoCAD 2019 Tutorial First Level 2D Fundamentals written by Randy Shih and published by SDC Publications. This book was released on 2018-05-31 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary goal of AutoCAD 2019 Tutorial First Level 2D Fundamentals is to introduce the aspects of Computer Aided Design and Drafting (CADD). This text is intended to be used as a training guide for students and professionals. This text covers AutoCAD 2019 and the lessons proceed in a pedagogical fashion to guide you from constructing basic shapes to making multiview drawings. This textbook contains a series of eleven tutorial style lessons designed to introduce beginning CAD users to AutoCAD 2019. It takes a hands-on, exercise-intensive approach to all the important 2D CAD techniques and concepts. This text is also helpful to AutoCAD users upgrading from a previous release of the software. The new improvements and key enhancements of the software are incorporated into the lessons. The 2D-CAD techniques and concepts discussed in this text are also designed to serve as the foundation to the more advanced parametric feature-based CAD packages such as Autodesk Inventor. The basic premise of this book is that the more designs you create using AutoCAD 2019, the better you learn the software. With this in mind, each lesson introduces a new set of commands and concepts, building on previous lessons. This book is intended to help readers establish a good basis for exploring and growing in the exciting field of Computer Aided Engineering. Video Training Included with every new copy of AutoCAD 2019 Tutorial First Level 2D Fundamentals is access to extensive video training. The video training parallels the exercises found in the text and are designed to be watched first before following the instructions in the book. However, the videos do more than just provide you with click by click instructions. Author Luke Jumper also includes a brief discussion of each tool, as well as rich insight into why and how the tools are used. Luke isn’t just telling you what to do, he’s showing and explaining to you how to go through the exercises while providing clear descriptions of the entire process. It’s like having him there guiding you through the book. These videos will provide you with a wealth of information and brings the text to life. They are also an invaluable resource for people who learn best through a visual experience. These videos deliver a comprehensive overview of the 2D tools found in AutoCAD and perfectly complement and reinforce the exercises in the book. AutoCAD 2019 Certified User Examination The content of AutoCAD 2019 Tutorial First Level 2D Fundamentals covers the performance tasks that have been identified by Autodesk as being included on the AutoCAD 2019 Certified User Examination. Special reference guides show you where the performance tasks are covered in the book. If you are teaching an introductory level AutoCAD course and you want to prepare your students for the AutoCAD 2019 Certified User Examination this is the only book that you need. If your students are not interested in the AutoCAD 2019 Certified User Examination they will still be studying the most important tools and techniques of AutoCAD as identified by Autodesk.

Download or read book Residential Design Using AutoCAD 2013 written by Daniel John Stine and published by SDC Publications. This book was released on 2012-04-27 with total page 515 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Residential Design Using AutoCAD 2013 is an introductory level tutorial which uses residential design exercises as the means to teach you AutoCAD 2013. Each book comes with a DVD containing numerous video presentations in which the author shows and explains the many tools and techniques used in AutoCAD 2013. After completing this book you will have a well-rounded knowledge of Computer Aided Drafting that can be used in the industry and the satisfaction of having completed a set of residential drawings. This textbook starts with an optional section that covers basic hand sketching techniques and concepts intended to increase your ability to sketch design ideas by hand and to think three-dimensionally. The book then proceeds with a basic introduction to AutoCAD 2013. The first three chapters are intended to get you familiar with the user interface and many of the common menus and tools. Throughout the rest of the book you will design a residence through to its completion. Using step-by-step tutorial lessons, the residential project is followed through to create elevations, sections, details, etc. Throughout the project, new AutoCAD commands are covered at the appropriate time. Focus is placed on the most essential parts of a command rather than an exhaustive review of every sub-feature of a particular command. The Appendix contains a bonus section covering the fundamental principles of engineering graphics that relate to architecture.

Download or read book Mastering AutoCAD 2019 and AutoCAD LT 2019 written by George Omura and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-05-30 with total page 1759 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world’s favorite guide to everything AutoCAD and AutoCAD LT—updated for 2019! Mastering AutoCAD 2019 and AutoCAD LT 2019 is the world’s all-time best-selling guide to the world’s most popular drafting software. Packed with tips, tricks, techniques, and tutorials, this guide covers every inch of AutoCAD and AutoCAD LT—including certification. This new edition has been fully updated to align with the software’s 2019 update, featuring the same expert instruction augmented by videos of crucial techniques. Step-by-step walk-throughs, concise explanations, specific examples and plenty of hands-on projects help you learn essential AutoCAD skills by working directly with the necessary tools—giving you a skill set that translates directly to on-the-job use. AutoCAD is the dominant design and drafting software for 2D and 3D technical drawings, while AutoCAD LT is the more affordable version often used by students and hobbyists. Professional designers need complete command of the software’s tools and functions, but a deeper exploration of more complex capabilities can help even hobbyists produce work at a higher level of technical proficiency. This book is your ultimate guide to AutoCAD and AutoCAD LT, whether you’re seeking certification or just looking to draw. Get acquainted with the workspace and basic drafting tools Gain greater control of your drawings with hatches, fields, fills, dynamic blocks, and curves Explore the 3D modeling and imaging tools that bring your drawing to life Customize AutoCAD to the way you work, integrate it with other software, and more As certification preparation material, this book is Autodesk-endorsed; as a self-study guide to AutoCAD and AutoCAD LT mastery, this book is the gold-standard, having led over a half million people on the journey to better design. If you’re ready to learn quickly so you can get down to work, Mastering AutoCAD 2019 and AutoCAD LT 2019 is your ideal resource.

Download or read book AutoCAD 2018 for Architectural Design written by Createspace Independent Pub and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-04-26 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learn Architectural Design using AutoCAD This book shows you how to create architectural drawings and 3D models one step at a time. Brief explanation and step-by-step instructions make this book a perfect way to get started with Architectural Design using AutoCAD. In addition, you can download the working files for chapter from the website, and use them for any help. Author first introduces the AutoCAD interface, and then moves directly into Architectural drawings. You will learn to draw walls, doors and openings, windows, stairs, and elevations. Later, you will use the 2D drawings to create a 3D model. Some of the skills you can acquire from this book are: - Import Hand-drawn drawings and use them to create CAD drawings - Use Dynamic Blocks to create doors and windows - Add dimensions and annotations to the drawing - Create elevations and 3D model Table of Contents Part 1: Creating 2D Architectural Drawings - Starting AutoCAD 2018 - Inserting Hand Sketches - Scaling the Hand Sketches - Saving the Document - Creating Layers - Creating Grid Lines - Creating Walls - Creating Doors and Windows - Creating Stairs - Creating the First Floor Plan - Creating the Sliding Doors - Creating the Balcony - Creating Kitchen and Bathroom Fixtures - Adding Furniture Blocks - Adding Hatch Patterns and Text - Adding Text Labels - Creating Elevations - Hatching the Elevation Views - Adding Dimensions - Creating Grid Bubbles - Layouts and Title Block - Printing Part 2: Creating 3D Architectural Model - Importing 2D Drawings - Creating 3D Walls - Create the Ceiling - Creating Doors on the Ground Floor - Creating 3D Windows - Creating 3D Stairs - Modeling the First Floor - Creating the Balcony - Creating Railing - Creating the Roof - Creating the Terrain surface Part 3: Rendering - Adding Materials - Adding Cameras - Adding Lights - Rendering Download Resource files from www.tutorialbook.info If you are an educator, you can request a free evaluation copy by sending us an email to [email protected]

Download or read book Technical Drawing 101 with AutoCAD 2019 written by Ashleigh Fuller and published by SDC Publications. This book was released on 2018 with total page 547 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technical Drawing 101 covers topics ranging from the most basic, such as making freehand, multiview sketches of machine parts, to the advanced—creating an AutoCAD dimension style containing the style settings defined by the ASME Y14.5-2009 Dimensioning and Tolerancing standard. But unlike the massive technical drawing reference texts on the market, Technical Drawing 101 aims to present just the right mix of information and projects that can be reasonably covered by faculty, and assimilated by students, in one semester. Both mechanical and architectural projects are introduced to capture the interest of more students and to offer a broader appeal. The authors have also created extensive video training (120 videos, 15 hours total) that is included with every copy of the book. In these videos the authors start off by getting students comfortable with the user interface and demonstrating how to use many of AutoCAD's commands and features. The videos progress to more advanced topics where the authors walk students through completing several of the projects in the book. The CAD portion of the text incorporates drafting theory whenever possible and covers the basics of drawing setup (units, limits, and layers), the tools of the Draw, Modify, and Dimension toolbars, and the fundamentals of 3D modeling. By focusing on the fundamental building blocks of CAD, Technical Drawing 101 provides a solid foundation for students going on to learn advanced CAD concepts and techniques (paper space, viewports, xrefs, annotative scaling, etc.) in intermediate CAD courses. In recognition of the diverse career interests of our students, Technical Drawing 101 includes projects in which students create working drawings for a mechanical assembly as well as for an architectural project. We include architectural drawing because our experience has shown that many (if not most) first-semester drafting students are interested in careers in the architectural design field, and that a traditional technical drawing text, which focuses solely on mechanical drawing projects, holds little interest for these students. The multidisciplinary approach of this text and its supporting materials are intended to broaden the appeal of the curriculum and increase student interest and, it is hoped, future enrollments.

Download or read book Residential Design Using Autodesk Revit 2022 written by Daniel John Stine and published by SDC Publications. This book was released on 2021-05 with total page 690 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Residential Design Using Autodesk Revit 2022 is designed for users completely new to Autodesk Revit. This text takes a project based approach to learning Autodesk Revit’s architectural tools in which you develop a single family residence all the way to photorealistic renderings like the one on the cover. Each book also includes access to extensive video training designed to further help you master Autodesk Revit. The lessons begin with a basic introduction to Autodesk Revit 2022. The first four chapters are intended to get you familiar with the user interface and many of the common menus and tools. Throughout the rest of the book a residential building is created and most of Autodesk Revit’s tools and features are covered in greater detail. Using step-by-step tutorial lessons, the residential project is followed through to create elevations, sections, floor plans, renderings, construction sets, etc. About the Videos Access to extensive video training is also included with your purchase of this book. These videos break down each topic into several short videos so that you can easily navigate to a specific aspect of a tool or feature in Autodesk Revit. This makes the videos both a powerful learning tool and convenient video reference. The videos make it easy to see the menu selections and will make learning Revit straightforward and simple. It’s like having the author by your side showing you exactly how to use all the major tools in Autodesk Revit.

Download or read book Autodesk AutoCAD 2022 Fundamentals written by Elise Moss and published by SDC Publications. This book was released on 2021-03 with total page 738 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Autodesk AutoCAD 2022 Fundamentals is designed to be used during instructor led training in an eight week course. It is an introductory level textbook intended for new AutoCAD 2022 users. This book covers all the fundamental skills necessary for effectively using AutoCAD and will provide a strong foundation for advancement. This textbook applies the use of AutoCAD as it pertains to mechanical drafting. Knowing how to draw a line in AutoCAD is not the same as understanding which line type is required when creating technical drawings. This text not only provides the necessary information to operate AutoCAD 2022 but also provides the skills to use AutoCAD as a tool to work proficiently as a drafter or designer.

Download or read book Autodesk Revit 2019 Architecture written by Munir Hamad and published by Mercury Learning and Information. This book was released on 2018-06-12 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation Covering all of the major techniques, this book uses both metric and imperial units to illustrate the myriad drawing and editing tools for this popular application. Use the companion files to set up drawing exercises and projects and to see all of the book's figures. Autodesk Revit 2019 Architecture includes over 50 "mini-workshops" that complete small projects from concept through actual plotting. Solving all of these workshops will help to master Revit Architecture from beginning to end, without overlooking any of the basic commands and functions.Features:*Uses both metric and imperial units to illustrate the myriad drawing and editing tools or this popular application*Includes over 50 "mini-workshops" and hundreds of figures that complete small projects*Helps you to prepare for the Revit Architecture Certified Professional exam*Exercises and projects included for use as a textbookeBook Customers: Companion files are available for downloading with order number/proof of purchase by writing to the publisher at [email protected].

Download or read book Engineering Graphics Essentials with AutoCAD 2019 Instruction written by Kirstie Plantenberg and published by SDC Publications. This book was released on 2018 with total page 949 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Engineering Graphics Essentials with AutoCAD 2019 Instruction gives students a basic understanding of how to create and read engineering drawings by presenting principles in a logical and easy to understand manner. It covers the main topics of engineering graphics, including tolerancing and fasteners, while also teaching students the fundamentals of AutoCAD 2019. This book features independent learning material containing supplemental content to further reinforce these principles. Through its many different exercises this text is designed to encourage students to interact with the instructor during lectures, and it will give students a superior understanding of engineering graphics and AutoCAD. The independent learning material allows students to go through the topics of the book independently. The main content of the material contains pages that summarize the topics covered in the book. Each page has voice over content that simulates a lecture environment. There are also interactive examples that allow students to go through the instructor led and in-class student exercises found in the book on their own. Video examples are also included to supplement the learning process.

Download or read book Introduction to AutoCAD 2020 written by Paul F. Richard and published by Macromedia Press. This book was released on 2019-07-29 with total page 1823 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction to AutoCAD 2020 addresses advances in technology and introduces students to 2-dimensional drawing skills and commands using the 2020 release of AutoCAD. Straightforward explanations focus on actual drawing procedures, and illustrations show what to expect on the computer screen. It continuously builds on concepts covered in previous chapters, contains exercises combined with in-text notes, and offers examples that provide the “how and why” of AutoCAD fundamentals. Projects are included at the end of each chapter and provide hands-on experience creating various types of mechanical, architectural, civil, and electrical drawings. This text is appropriate for introductory and intermediate AutoCAD courses. Introduces AutoCAD, drafting skills, editing techniques, working with complex objects, annotating drawings, outputting your work, advanced drawing and construction methods, and collaborating with others on the web. Pedagogy reinforces learning objectives throughout, with chapter objectives; key term definitions; command grids that concisely offer multiple ways of achieving task at hand; and discipline icons that identify the field of study throughout. “New” version icons highlight new software features quickly. Hands-on exercises appear throughout the text to reinforce learning, and end-of-chapter projects require students to demonstrate a full understanding of the concepts presented in the chapter. Introduction to AutoCAD 2020 provides students with the tools they need to develop drafting skills with AutoCAD.

Download or read book Tools for Design Using AutoCAD 2022 and Autodesk Inventor 2022 written by Randy Shih and published by SDC Publications. This book was released on 2021-07 with total page 644 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tools for Design is intended to provide you with an overview of computer aided design using two popular CAD software packages from Autodesk: AutoCAD and Autodesk Inventor. This book explores the strengths of each package and shows how they can be used in design, both separately and in combination with each other. What you'll learn • How to create and dimension 2D multiview drawings using AutoCAD • How to freehand sketch using axonometric, oblique and perspective projection techniques • How to create 3D parametric models and 2D multiview drawings using Autodesk Inventor • How to reuse design information between AutoCAD and Autodesk Inventor • How to combine parts into assemblies including assembly modeling with a LEGO® MINDSTORMS® Education Base Set, with a TETRIX® kit and a VEX Robot Kit • How to perform basic finite element stress analysis using Inventor Stress Analysis Module Who this book is for This book is designed for high school and college age students wanting to learn the fundamentals of computer aided design with AutoCAD and Inventor and how the two can be used together. No prior CAD experience is required. Table of Contents Introduction: Getting Started 1. Fundamentals of AutoCAD 2. Basic Object Construction and Dynamic Input - AutoCAD 3. Geometric Construction and Editing Tools - AutoCAD 4. Orthographic Views in Multiview Drawings - AutoCAD 5. Basic Dimensioning and Notes - AutoCAD 6. Pictorials and Sketching 7. Parametric Modeling Fundamentals - Autodesk Inventor 8. Constructive Solid Geometry Concepts - Autodesk Inventor 9. Model History Tree - Autodesk Inventor 10. Parametric Constraints Fundamentals - Autodesk Inventor 11. Geometric Construction Tools - Autodesk Inventor 12. Parent/Child Relationships and the BORN Technique - Autodesk Inventor 13. Part Drawings and 3D Model-Based Definition - Autodesk Inventor 14. Symmetrical Features in Design - Autodesk Inventor 15. Design Reuse Using AutoCAD and Autodesk Inventor 16. Assembly Modeling - Putting It All Together - Autodesk Inventor 17. Design Analysis - Autodesk Inventor Stress Analysis Module

Download or read book Residential Design Using Autodesk Revit 2019 written by Daniel John Stine and published by SDC Publications. This book was released on 2018-04-11 with total page 683 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Residential Design Using Autodesk Revit 2019 is designed for users completely new to Autodesk Revit. This text takes a project based approach to learning Autodesk Revit’s architectural tools in which you develop a single family residence all the way to photorealistic renderings like the one on the cover. Each book also includes access to extensive video training designed to further help you master Autodesk Revit. The lessons begin with a basic introduction to Autodesk Revit 2019. The first four chapters are intended to get you familiar with the user interface and many of the common menus and tools. Throughout the rest of the book a residential building is created and most of Autodesk Revit’s tools and features are covered in greater detail. Using step-by-step tutorial lessons, the residential project is followed through to create elevations, sections, floor plans, renderings, construction sets, etc.

Download or read book Architectural Graphics written by Francis D. K. Ching and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The completely updated, illustrated bestseller on architectural graphics with over 500,000 copies sold Architectural Graphics presents a wide range of basic graphic tools and techniques designers use to communicate architectural ideas. Expanding upon the wealth of illustrations and information that have made this title a classic, this Fourth Edition provides expanded and updated coverage of drawing materials, multiview drawings, paraline drawings, and perspective drawings. Also new to this edition is the author's unique incorporation of digital technology into his successful methods. While covering essential drawing principles, this book presents: approaches to drawing section views of building interiors, methods for drawing modified perspectives, techniques for creating accurate shade and shadows, expert styles of freehand sketching and diagramming, and much more.

Download or read book AutoCAD 2020 for the Interior Designer written by Dean Muccio and published by SDC Publications. This book was released on with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focused around a hotel suite project, AutoCAD 2020 for the Interior Designer provides the Interior Design student with a non-intimidating, tutorial based approach to learning the AutoCAD program. It accomplishes this by taking students that have no computer design experience from simple commands to complete projects in this single-semester sized text. This well organized and progressive approach to learning AutoCAD sets this text apart from others. To support all users, this book now covers AutoCAD for both Macs and PCs. The emphasis of this book is on easy to understand descriptions and instructions, allowing the non-technical, artistic, visual learning Interior Design student to quickly get past the fear of using the computer to produce drawings. The focus is entirely on the use of AutoCAD for the Interior Design field and not simply architectural drawings. Chapters alternate between command descriptions, which are organized by a command set category, and tutorials. This allows students to easily refer back to command descriptions without hunting through a tutorial that introduces commands as it progresses. The emphasis is on the practical use of commands using the AutoCAD ribbon workspace, rather than the multiple (and seldom used) command options. Multiple tutorials of the hotel suite, which includes floor plan, elevation views, dimensioning, and plotting, provide a practical application of the commands learned in the preceding chapters. Completely dimensioned drawings are provided at the beginning of each tutorial so that the advanced student, or an instructor led class, can complete them without going through the step-by-step process. This textbook is classroom proven, and relevant interior design homework problems are provided. After completing this book, the student will be able to create all their 2-D Interior Design work using AutoCAD.