Download or read book Research on Oxygen Toxicity at the Cellular Level written by Willis H. Riesen and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of pure oxygen atmospheres at reduced pressure in manned spacecraft has stimulated new research interest. Exposure of humans to pure oxygen at total pressures of 5 to 7 psia for up to 30 days has generally produced only subjective and occasional symptomatic distress. Nevertheless, studies with animals have clearly documented toxicity if the exposure to pure oxygen is at higher total pressures. The selection of suitable oxygen atmospheres for manned space flight and the development of protective measures against toxic manifestations will be considerably facilitated by a clearer understanding of the toxic syndrome. Rats, dogs, and monkeys were exposed to pure (98.5%) oxygen at 1 atm and 1/3 atm in a closed, recirculating chamber and in a nonrecirculating chamber. Rats exposed to a pressure of 1 atm showed significant reduction in efficiency of liver mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Weight loss accompanied this change. Insignificant changes were found in liver or lung mitochondrial oxygen consumption; liver or lung NAD, NADH, or NAD/NADH; and arterial blood lactate and pyruvate, and lactate/pyruvate ratio. A composite index of oxygen toxicity was derived from a multivariant data analysis. Exposure of rats to pure oxygen at 1/3 atm showed slight elevation in P/O ratio in 7 days. The ratio returned to normal in 2 weeks and remained so for 8 months. No significant weight changes were observed. Only preliminary experiments with the dogs and monkeys were conducted, therefore no conclusions can as yet be made. There is an indication that monkeys are more resistant to oxygen toxicity at 1 atm than rats.

Download or read book Mechanisms of Oxygen Toxicity at the Cellular Level written by Olen R. Brown and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies using vitamins, precursors, and intermediates with analysis of carbohydrate, amino acid, lipid, protein, RNA and DNA synthesis and of enzyme activities in suspected pathways support the following events during oxygen intoxication of Escherichia coli. Biosynthesis of several amino acids are inhibited. Within less than 5 minutes valine is limiting for protein synthesis (subsequently 9 other amino acids become limiting). The resultant unloaded tRNA's stimulate the 'stringent response' (production of the powerful inhibitor guanosine tetraphosphate) which completely stops biosynthesis. Some of these sites (including quinolinate phosphoribosyl transferase, required for NAD synthesis) should be relevant to man. The data suggest that the vitamins thiamin pyrophosphate and niacin should be tested as potential protective agents against the toxicity in man of oxygen and of chemicals which produce cellular oxidative stress.

Download or read book Influence of Oxygen Toxicity on the Rate of Red Cell Aging written by D. Danon and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Regulation of Tissue Oxygenation Second Edition written by Roland N. Pittman and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2016-08-18 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This presentation describes various aspects of the regulation of tissue oxygenation, including the roles of the circulatory system, respiratory system, and blood, the carrier of oxygen within these components of the cardiorespiratory system. The respiratory system takes oxygen from the atmosphere and transports it by diffusion from the air in the alveoli to the blood flowing through the pulmonary capillaries. The cardiovascular system then moves the oxygenated blood from the heart to the microcirculation of the various organs by convection, where oxygen is released from hemoglobin in the red blood cells and moves to the parenchymal cells of each tissue by diffusion. Oxygen that has diffused into cells is then utilized in the mitochondria to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of all cells. The mitochondria are able to produce ATP until the oxygen tension or PO2 on the cell surface falls to a critical level of about 4–5 mm Hg. Thus, in order to meet the energetic needs of cells, it is important to maintain a continuous supply of oxygen to the mitochondria at or above the critical PO2 . In order to accomplish this desired outcome, the cardiorespiratory system, including the blood, must be capable of regulation to ensure survival of all tissues under a wide range of circumstances. The purpose of this presentation is to provide basic information about the operation and regulation of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, as well as the properties of the blood and parenchymal cells, so that a fundamental understanding of the regulation of tissue oxygenation is achieved.

Download or read book Mechanisms of Oxygen Toxicity at the Cellular Level written by Olen R. Brown and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most significant finding has been the demonstration that even five minute exposures to oxygen at four atmospheres produces a severe, but reversible (upon removal from hyperoxia), inhibition of active transport of glucose, using Escherichia coli as a model cell system. Experimental data is so far consistent with the current operating theory that a site in membrane transport is the primary target in acute oxygen toxicity at the cell level. The inhibition of transport apparently is not due to lack of energy (ATP) for transport, nor to oxidative destruction of the membrane, but the true mechanism is unknown. (Modified author abstract).

Download or read book Mechanisms of Oxygen Toxicity at the Cellular Level written by O. R. Brown and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oxygen at elevated pressures is toxic for life forms from microbes to man. Growth is inhibited in Escherichia coli and results primarily from poisoning of specific enzymes in the following biosynthetic pathways: branched-chain and aromatic amino acids, NAD-niacin, phosphoribosylpyrosphosphate (PRPP) and reverse glycolysis. Inhibition of amino acid biosynthesis indirectly stops protein synthesis and induces 'stringency' (production of pp-guainine-pp, a powerful inhibitor of metabolic processes) which accounts for inhibition in metabolic processes where there is no observed enzymatic poisoning. Inhibitions in the PRPP, NAD-niacin, and reverse glycolysis pathways are significant to bacterial (and perhaps to human) oxygen toxicity where products of the pathways protect. (Summary, p. 2-3)

Download or read book Physiology and Medicine of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy written by Tom S. Neuman and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2008-06-05 with total page 637 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by internationally recognized leaders in hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) research and practice, this exciting new book provides evidence-based, practical, useful information for anyone involved in HBOT. It outlines the physiologic principles that constitute the basis for understanding the clinical implications for treatment and describes recent advances and current research, along with new approaches to therapy. This book is an essential tool for anyone who cares for patients with difficult-to-heal wounds, wounds from radiation therapy, carbon monoxide poisoning, and more. Provides comprehensive coverage of pathophysiology and clinically relevant information so you can master the specialty. Covers the relevance of HBOT in caring for diverse populations including critical care patients, infants and pediatric patients, and divers. Features a section on the technical aspects of HBOT to provide insight into the technology and physics regarding HBO chambers. Presents evidence to support the effectiveness of HBOT as well as the possible side effects. Describes situations where HBOT would be effective through indication-specific chapters on chronic wounds, radiation and crush injuries, decompression sickness, and more.

Download or read book Study of Effects of Oxygen Toxicity on Lung Cell Division written by Jack D. Hackney and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Neonatology written by Giuseppe Buonocore and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-23 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This landmark book, a reference work now in its second edition, provides healthcare practitioners in neonatology with an up-to-date, comprehensive source of readily accessible practical advice that will assist in the expert management of patients and their diverse illnesses. Leading experts in their fields discuss the underlying causes and mechanisms and all aspects of the treatment of the full range of neonatal diseases and abnormalities, citing the evidence base whenever appropriate. In addition, detailed information is provided on epidemiology and fetal medicine; therapeutic issues such as the organization of care, transport services, and home care after discharge; legal issues; nutrition; and the consequences of medication use during pregnancy, maternal drug abuse and smoking, and maternal diabetes. The inclusion of summaries, tables, and carefully selected guidelines and recommendations will supply practitioners with quick references and instant solutions during daily practice. The book will be a superb resource for all involved in the care of newborn babies, including neonatologists, pediatricians, pediatric surgeons, anesthesiologists, midwives, and nursing staff. It is published within the SpringerReference program, which delivers access to living editions constantly updated through a dynamic peer-review publishing process.

Download or read book Measuring Oxidants and Oxidative Stress in Biological Systems written by Lawrence J. Berliner and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-08-08 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the methods of analysis and determination of oxidants and oxidative stress in biological systems. Reviews and protocols on select methods of analysis of ROS, RNS, oxygen, redox status, and oxidative stress in biological systems are described in detail. It is an essential resource for both novices and experts in the field of oxidant and oxidative stress biology.

Download or read book The Discovery of Oxygen written by Joseph Priestley and published by . This book was released on 1894 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Newborn Lung written by Eduardo Bancalari and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2018-06-19 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dr. Richard Polin’s Neonatology Questions and Controversies series highlights the most challenging aspects of neonatal care, offering trustworthy guidance on up-to-date diagnostic and treatment options in the field. In each volume, renowned experts address the clinical problems of greatest concern to today’s practitioners, helping you handle difficult practice issues and provide optimal, evidence-based care to every patient. Stay fully up to date in this fast-changing field with The Newborn Lung, 3rd Edition. The most current clinical information throughout, including key management strategies that may reduce some of the chronic sequelae of neonatal respiratory failure. New content on the role of microbiome in lung injury and lung development. Current coverage of non-invasive respiratory support, perinatal events and their influence on lung development and injury, cell-based lung therapy, automation of respiratory support, and oxygenation targeting in preterm infants. Consistent chapter organization to help you find information quickly and easily. The most authoritative advice available from world-class neonatologists who share their knowledge of new trends and developments in neonatal care. Purchase each volume individually, or get the entire 7-volume set! Gastroenterology and Nutrition Hematology, Immunology and Genetics Hemodynamics and Cardiology Infectious Disease and Pharmacology New Volume! Nephrology and Fluid/Electrolyte Physiology Neurology The Newborn Lung

Download or read book Hazardous Gases written by Jaspal Singh and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-07-17 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hazardous Gases: Risk Assessment on Environment and Human Health examines all relevant routes of exposure, inhalation, skin absorption and ingestion, and control measures of specifics hazardous gases resulting from workplace exposure from industrial processes, traffic fumes, and the degradation of waste materials and how they impacts the health and environment of workers. The book examines the risk assessment and effect of poisonous gases on the environment human health. It also covers necessary emergency guidelines, safety measures, physiological impact, hazard control measures, handling and storage of hazardous gases. Each chapter is formatted to include an introduction, historical background, physicochemical properties, physiological role discussing mechanisms of toxicity, its effect on human health as well as environment, followed by case studies and recent research on toxic gases. Hazardous Gases: Risk Assessment on Environment and Human Health is a helpful resource for academics and researchers in toxicology, occupational health and safety, and environmental sciences as well as those in the field who work to assess and mitigate the impact of toxic gases on the work environment and the health of the workforce. Emphasizes the environmental monitoring in the workplace of hazardous materials Includes all relevant storage and handling information required for detailing all personnel on the hazards and risks from the substances with which they work Offers practical examples and case studies related to toxic gases and their impact on health

Download or read book Hyperbaric Medicine Practice written by Eric P. Kindwall and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 994 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Studies on Pulmonary Oxygen Poisoning and the Role of Oxygen in Repair Processes written by Juha Niinikoski and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pulmonary oxygen toxicity, a progressive process which destroys cells in the lung, is ultimately fatal if exposure to increased oxygen pressure continues and can be stopped only by reduction of the inspired pO2 to a non-toxic level. Prolonged exposure to high oxygen tensions and resulting derangement of cellular metabolism throughout the lung lead to progressive impairment of one aspect of pulmonary function after another until the lung is no longer able to sustain an adequate gas exchange with the blood. The significance of adequate oxygen supply in healing tissues has been demonstrated both experimentally and by clinical proofs. Repair of fractures responds to changes in arterial oxygen tension, and the main targets of oxygen in healing bone appear to be the synthesis of collagen and mineralization.

Download or read book Diagnostic Radiology and Ultrasonography of the Dog and Cat E Book written by J. Kevin Kealy and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2010-09-15 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interpret diagnostic images accurately with Diagnostic Radiology and Ultrasonography of the Dog and Cat, 5th Edition. Written by veterinary experts J. Kevin Kealy, Hester McAllister, and John P. Graham, this concise guide covers the principles of diagnostic radiology and ultransonography and includes clear, complete instruction in image interpretation. It illustrates the normal anatomy of body systems, and then uses numbered points to describe radiologic signs of abnormalities. It also includes descriptions of the ultrasonographic appearance of many conditions in dogs and cats. Updated with the latest on digital imaging, CT, MR, and nuclear medicine, and showing how to avoid common errors in interpretation, this book is exactly what you need to refine your diagnostic and treatment planning skills! Hundreds of detailed radiographs and ultrasonograms clearly illustrate principles, aid comprehension, and help you accurately interpret your own films. The normal anatomy and appearance for each body system is included so you can identify deviations from normal, such as traumatic and pathologic changes. Coverage of the most common disorders associated with each body system help you interpret common and uncommon problems. Coverage of radiographic principles and procedures includes density, contrast, detail, and technique, so you can produce the high-quality films necessary for accurate diagnosis. Clinical signs help you arrive at a clinical diagnosis. An emphasis on developing a standardized approach to viewing radiographs and ultrasonograms ensures that you do not overlook elements of the image that may affect proper diagnosis. Complete coverage of diagnostic imaging of small animals includes all modalities and echocardiography, all in a comprehensive, single-source reference. Discussions of ultrasound-guided biopsy technique help you perform one of the most useful, minimally invasive diagnostic procedures. Single chapters cover all aspects of specific body compartments and systems for a logical organization and easy cross-referencing. Coverage of different imaging modalities for individual diseases/disorders is closely integrated in the text and allows easier comprehension. A consistent style, terminology, and content results from the fact that all chapters are written by the same authors.

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Respiratory Medicine written by Geoffrey J. Laurent and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An impressive four-volume work that provides an authoritative and comprehensive coverage of the complete field of respiratory medicine. It provides a vital interface between the pure and clinical science environments covering all aspects of respiratory medicine from the relevant molecular biology to the treatment of diseases that affect the respiratory system. It includes comprehensive coverage of lung cells, the structural components of the lung and key molecules that regulate lung function as well as all the major respiratory diseases. Students, researchers and professionals alike will find this an authoritative source of information on all aspects of respiratory medicine. Also available online via ScienceDirect (2006) - featuring extensive browsing, searching, and internal cross-referencing between articles in the work, plus dynamic linking to journal articles and abstract databases, making navigation flexible and easy. For more information, pricing options and availability visit www.info.sciencedirect.com. Includes diagrams of uniformly high quality and references to enable readers to access the wider literature Highly structured through the use of chapter templates Key four-color illustrations that will be invaluable teaching tools