Download or read book Reprogramming to Pluripotency Using Small Molecule Compounds written by Brittany E. Greenberg and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) through the use of small molecule compounds has evolved as a potential cellular reprogramming strategy. Individually, specific small molecule compounds have previously been shown to replace reprogramming transcription factors or enhance the efficiency of cellular reprogramming. More recently, a combination of small molecule compounds can replace all of the reprogramming factors. In this review, we describe in detail the generation of chemically induced pluripotent stem cells using small molecule inhibitors and activators that target either downstream protein kinases or modify chromatin structure to promote somatic cell reprogramming. In addition, epigenetic modulating small molecule compounds that enhance cellular reprogramming and functionally replace some reprogramming factors are discussed.
Download or read book Insight Into the Reprogramming of Cell Fate with Small Molecules written by Costas A. Lyssiotis and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lineage reprogramming is a powerful method to study the processes that govern cell fate and may provide an additional approach for cell-based therapies. Among the methods that have been used to reprogram differentiated cells, small molecule approaches offer several unique advantages over genetic- or protein-based techniques. The most significant of these may be that discovery-based methods can be used to identify small molecule probes that control a given reprogramming event, and that such molecules can subsequently be applied to study the underlying biology. This thesis will describe the design, development and implementation of several small molecule screening strategies that were successfully used to identify compounds that reprogram cell fate. First, a platform will be discussed that was used to discover compounds that revert lineage-restricted oligodendrocyte precursor cells to multipotent neural stem cells. Subsequently, a screen will be described that was used to identify chemical complements for the reprogramming factors Klf4 and Sox2 that induce pluripotency in somatic cells. Throughout, emphasis is placed on the mechanistic insights that have been gained by using such compounds as tools to probe this phenomenon. This body of work clearly demonstrates the value of small molecules as tools to study the diverse biological/signaling processes involved in and required for the reprogramming of cell fate. Ultimately, the identification of these and other molecules may help to bring this technology one step closer to clinical application.
Download or read book Neural Reprogramming written by Henrik Ahlenius and published by Humana. This book was released on 2021-07-30 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This detailed book brings together a number of state-of-the-art protocols to generate different types of neural cells through the use of reprogramming technologies. Additionally, the volume explores different aspects of functional evaluation and applications of reprogrammed neural cells as well as in silico methods to aid reprogramming efforts. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Neural Reprogramming: Methods and Protocols provides ample experimental experience and guidance for anyone, be it experienced researcher or beginner, to generate, validate, and apply reprogrammed neural cells in their research.
Download or read book Human Embryonic Stem Cells written by Jon Odorico and published by Garland Science. This book was released on 2004-02-01 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the first successful isolation and cultivation of human embryonic stem cells at the University of Wisconsin, Madison in 1998, there has been high levels of both interest and controversy in this area of research. This book provides a concise overview of an exciting field, covering the characteristics of both human embryonic stem cells and pluripotent stem cells from other human cell lineages. The following chapters describe state-of-the-art differentiation and characterization of specific ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm-derived lineages from human embryonic stem cells, emphasizing how these can be used to study human developmental mechanisms. A further chapter discusses genetic manipulation of human ES cells. The concluding section covers therapeutic applications of human ES cells, as well as addressing the ethical and legal issues that this research have raised.
Download or read book Stem Cells in Reproductive Medicine written by Carlos Simón and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-07-04 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stem cell science has the potential to impact human reproductive medicine significantly - cutting edge technologies allow the production and regeneration of viable gametes from human stem cells offering potential to preciously infertile patients. Written by leading experts in the field Stem Cells in Reproductive Medicine brings together chapters on the genetics and epigenetics of both the male and female gametes as well as advice on the production and regeneration of gene cells in men and women, trophoblasts and endometrium from human embryonic and adult stem cells. Although focussing mainly on the practical elements of the use of stem cells in reproductive medicine, the book also contains a section on new developments in stem cell research. The book is essential reading for reproductive medicine clinicians, gynecologists and embryologists who want to keep abreast of practical developments in this rapidly developing field.
Download or read book Human Embryonic Stem Cells written by Arlene Chiu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-08 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A discussion of all the key issues in the use of human pluripotent stem cells for treating degenerative diseases or for replacing tissues lost from trauma. On the practical side, the topics range from the problems of deriving human embryonic stem cells and driving their differentiation along specific lineages, regulating their development into mature cells, and bringing stem cell therapy to clinical trials. Regulatory issues are addressed in discussions of the ethical debate surrounding the derivation of human embryonic stem cells and the current policies governing their use in the United States and abroad, including the rules and conditions regulating federal funding and questions of intellectual property.
Download or read book Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2003-12-18 with total page 577 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume covers all aspects of embryonic stem cell differentiation, including mouse embryonic stem cells, mouse embryonic germ cells, monkey and human embryonic stem cells, and gene discovery.* Early commitment steps and generation of chimeric mice* Differentiation to mesoderm derivatives* Gene discovery by manipulation of mouse embryonic stem cells
Download or read book Sendai Virus Vector written by Yoshiyuki Nagai and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-01-31 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sendai virus (SeV) is not just a mouse pathogen but is evolving into a cutting-edge component of biotechnology. SeV reverse genetics originating from a pure academic need to settle long-held questions in the biology and pathogenicity of nonsegmented negative strand RNA viruses (Mononegavirales) is about to bear the impressive fruit of multipurpose cytoplasmic (non-integrating) RNA vectors. This book brings together in one source the SeV biology revealed by conventional approaches and reverse genetics, the methods to construct the first-generation SeV vector and to generate safer versions, and the applications in medical settings that have left or are about to leave the laboratory bench. The applications, which already are diverse and have high medical impact, include use as vaccine vectors against AIDS and respiratory virus infections, creation of BioKnife to resect malignant tumors, induction of “footprint (transgene) free” pluripotent stem cells, and gene therapy for peripheral arterial disease. These achievements—which are just a few of many examples—were attainable only after rigorously incorporating the rich knowledge of SeV biology that has accumulated during the several decades since the discovery of the virus. Application of SeV vector is certain to expand greatly because of its extremely high performance in transgene expression and its remarkable target cell breadth.
Download or read book Directly Reprogrammed Neural Precursors from Patient Derived Fibroblasts written by Luis Azmitia and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Cellular therapy experienced an important shift with the discovery of pluripotent stem cells and with the reinvention of these through the forced expression of four pluripotency related transcription factors (Takahashi and Yamanaka, 2006); describing a protocol that drove a somatic cell backwards into an induced pluripotent state (induced Pluripotent Stem cells, iPS cells). Nevertheless, the process remained inefficient and involved practical queries as the risk of mutations, re-activation of the vectors, and use of potential oncogenes, without forgetting the fact that a pluripotent cell itself may serve as a potential source for tumors. To overcome those difficulties, different approaches were described: like the substitution of the original transcription factors with small molecules or sorting pluripotency by direct reprogramming into another mature phenotype. Addition of small molecules not only substituted the transcription factors but also improved the efficiency of the whole process, while simultaneously, new approaches tried to sort the risks of integration and reactivation of the previously described vectors (lentivirus, adenovirus, proteins, etc.). The present work describes our pathway towards a patient's derived cellular model of neural progenitors based on the work of Takahashi and Yamanaka and on a transfection insertion free method (Okita et. Al. 2011), giving birth to an induced Neural Precursor cell line (iNSC's), a tool in order to understand a subject's specific disease from an in vitro and an in vivo perspectives.
Download or read book Embryonic Development and Induction written by Hans Spemann and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Novel roles of non coding brain RNAs in health and disease written by Hermona Soreq and published by Frontiers E-books. This book was released on 2014-10-23 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), and in particular microRNAs are rapidly becoming the focus of research interest in numerous basic and translational fields, including brain research; and their importance for many aspects in brain functioning merits special discussion. The wide-scope, multi-targeted and highly efficient manner of ncRNA regulatory activities draws attention to this topic by many, but the available research and analysis tools and experimental protocols are still at their infancy, and calls for special discussion given their importance for many aspects in brain functioning. This eBook is correspondingly focused on the search for, identification and exploration of those non-coding RNAs whose activities modulate the multi-leveled functions of the eukaryotic brain. The different articles strive to cover novel approaches for identifying and establishing ncRNA-target relationships, provide state of the art reports of the affected neurotransmission pathways, describe inherited and acquired changes in ncRNA functioning and cover the use of ncRNA mimics and blockade tools for interference with their functions in health and disease of the brain. Non-coding RNAs are here to stay, and this exciting eBook provides a glimpse into their impact on our brain’s functioning at the physiology, cell biology, behavior and immune levels.
Download or read book Pluripotent Stem Cells written by Deepa Bhartiya and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2013-08-28 with total page 642 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stem cells have generated a lot of excitement among the researchers, clinicians and the public alike. Various types of stem cells are being evaluated for their regenerative potential. Marginal benefit resulting by transplanting autologus stem cells (deemed to be absolutely safe) in various clinical conditions has been proposed to be a growth factor effect rather than true regeneration. In contrast, various pre-clinical studies have been undertaken, using differentiated cells from embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells have shown promise, functional improvement and no signs of teratoma formation. The scientists are not in a rush to reach the clinic but a handful of clinical studies have shown promise. This book is a collection of studies/reviews, beginning with an introduction to the pluripotent stem cells and covering various aspects like derivation, differentiation, ethics, etc., and hence would provide insight into the recent standing on the pluripotent stem cells biology. The chapters have been categorized into three sections, covering subjects ranging from the generation of pluripotent stem cells and various means of their derivation from embryonic as well as adult tissues, the mechanistic understanding of pluripotency and narrating the potential therapeutic implications of these in vitro generated cells in various diseases, in addition to the associated pros and cons in the same.
Download or read book Stem Cells written by Ariff Bongso and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2011 with total page 721 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stem cell biology has drawn tremendous interest in recent years as it promises cures for a variety of incurable diseases. This book deals with the basic and clinical aspects of stem cell research and involves work on the full spectrum of stem cells isolated today. It also covers the conversion of stem cell types into a variety of useful tissues which may be used in the future for transplantation therapy. It is thus aimed at undergraduates, postgraduates, scientists, embryologists, doctors, tissue engineers and anyone who wishes to gain some insight into stem cell biology. This book is important as it is comprehensive and covers all aspects of stem cell biology, from basic research to clinical applications. It will have 33 chapters written by renowned stem cell scientists worldwide. It will be up-to-date and all the chapters include self-explanatory figures, color photographs, graphics and tables. It will be easy to read and give the reader a complete understanding and state of the art of the exciting science and its applications.
Download or read book Bioprobes written by Hiroyuki Osada and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-05-16 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new edition provides the most advanced research using bioprobes on the chemical control of 1) cell cycle and differentiation, 2) epigenetics, 3) apoptosis and autophagy, and 4) immune response. The “bioprobe”, first proposed in the first edition, has become an indispensable tool for chemical biology and has substantially assisted in the investigation of complex biochemical processes of cells. New areas of investigation such as stem cell research, epigenetic research, and autophagy research have rapidly advanced in the past 10 years. Including these new findings, this second edition supplies up-to-date information on the biochemical tools called bioprobes. Data on each bioprobe, such as chemical structure, origin, function, and references, are presented as one item in this volume. Readers will easily find useful information and will be able to determine the appropriate bioprobes to investigate cell functions. The information on bioprobes and their use in research makes this book a valuable source for researchers in diverse fields. Not only scientists in academia but also in the pharmaceutical industries will discover the most important information about small molecules useful for drug discovery.
Download or read book Regenerative Pharmacology written by George J. Christ and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-04-15 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A state-of-the-art primer on the role of pharmacological sciences in regenerative medicine, for advanced students, postdoctoral fellows, and researchers.
Download or read book Fetal and Neonatal Lung Development written by Alan H. Jobe and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-04-18 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lung disease affects more than 600 million people worldwide. While some of these lung diseases have an obvious developmental component, there is growing appreciation that processes and pathways critical for normal lung development are also important for postnatal tissue homeostasis and are dysregulated in lung disease. This book provides an authoritative review of fetal and neonatal lung development and is designed to provide a diverse group of scientists, spanning the basic to clinical research spectrum, with the latest developments on the cellular and molecular mechanisms of normal lung development and injury-repair processes, and how they are dysregulated in disease. The book covers genetics, omics, and systems biology as well as new imaging techniques that are transforming studies of lung development. The reader will learn where the field of lung development has been, where it is presently, and where it is going in order to improve outcomes for patients with common and rare lung diseases.
Download or read book Human Stem Cell Manual written by Suzanne Peterson and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-10-22 with total page 652 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This manual is a comprehensive compilation of "methods that work" for deriving, characterizing, and differentiating hPSCs, written by the researchers who developed and tested the methods and use them every day in their laboratories. The manual is much more than a collection of recipes; it is intended to spark the interest of scientists in areas of stem cell biology that they may not have considered to be important to their work. The second edition of the Human Stem Cell Manual is an extraordinary laboratory guide for both experienced stem cell researchers and those just beginning to use stem cells in their work. - Offers a comprehensive guide for medical and biology researchers who want to use stem cells for basic research, disease modeling, drug development, and cell therapy applications - Provides a cohesive global view of the current state of stem cell research, with chapters written by pioneering stem cell researchers in Asia, Europe, and North America - Includes new chapters devoted to recently developed methods, such as iPSC technology, written by the scientists who made these breakthroughs
