Download or read book Repr sentation multi chelles de l architecture des plantes written by Boudon-F and published by Omn.Univ.Europ.. This book was released on 2018-02-28 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: La g om trie d'une plante est un objet complexe, combinant les g om tries de nombreux organes, d pendant de l' chelle consid r e et tr s variable dans le temps. Malgr cette complexit et cette plasticit , elle est devenue un enjeu de mod lisation majeur ces derni res ann es aussi bien en co-physiologie, qu'en synth se d'images. Dans cette tude, nous formalisons un mod le g om trique multi- chelles g n ral de repr sentation de l'architecture des plantes. Ce mod le int gre de mani re coh rente diff rentes repr sentations g om triques diff rents niveaux de d tails. Il permet ainsi d'adapter la complexit de la repr sentation au cours des calculs et d'en acqu rir une compr hension plus pr cise. Nous utilisons ce mod le dans une approche "montante" pour caract riser les formes globales mergentes de la structure d taill e d'une plante. Il est ensuite utilis dans une approche "descendante" pour le d veloppement d'un mod le de croissance des plantes fond sur un nouveau paradigme de simulation. Le principe de cette approche s'appuie sur une hi rarchisation en chelles des informations qui permet la manipulation interactive et intuitive de mod les complexes de plantes.

Download or read book Repr sentation g om trique multi chelles de l architecture des plantes written by Frédéric Boudon and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Solar Energy at Urban Scale written by Benoit Beckers and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-03-04 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increasing urbanization throughout the world, the depletion of fossil fuels and concerns about global warming have transformed the city into a physical problem of prime importance. This book proposes a multi-disciplinary and systematic approach concerning specialities as different as meteorology, geography, architecture and urban engineering systems, all surrounding the essential problem of solar radiation. It collects the points of view of 18 specialists from around the world on the interaction between solar energy and constructions, combining territorial, urban and architectural scales to better regulate energetic efficiency and light comfort for the sustainable city. The main subjects covered are: measures and models of solar irradiance (satellite observations, territorial and urban ground measurements, sky models, satellite data and urban mock-up), radiative contribution to the urban climate (local heat balance, radiative-aerodynamics coupling, evapotranspiration, Urban Heat Island), light and heat modeling (climate-based daylight modeling, geometrical models of the city, solar radiation modeling for urban environments, thermal simulation methods and algorithms) and urban planning, with special considerations for solar potential, solar impact and daylight rights in the temperate, northern and tropical climates, and the requirement of urban solar regulation. Contents 1. The Odyssey of Remote Sensing from Space: Half a Century of Satellites for Earth Observations, Théo Pirard. 2. Territorial and Urban Measurements, Marius Paulescu and Viorel Badescu. 3. Sky Luminance Models, Matej Kobav and Grega Bizjak. 4. Satellite Images Applied to Surface Solar Radiation Estimation, Bella Espinar and Philippe Blanc. 5. Worldwide Aspects of Solar Radiation Impact, Benoit Beckers. 6. Local Energy Balance, Pierre Kastendeuch. 7. Evapotranspiration, Marjorie Musy. 8. Multiscale Daylight Modeling for Urban Environments, John Mardaljevic and George Janes. 9. Geometrical Models of the City, Daniel G. Aliaga. 10. Radiative Simulation Methods, Pierre Beckers and Benoit Beckers. 11. Radiation Modeling Using the Finite Element Method, Tom van Eekelen. 12. Dense Cities in the Tropical Zone, Edward Ng. 13. Dense Cities in Temperate Climates: Solar and Daylight Rights, Guedi Capeluto. 14. Solar Potential and Solar Impact, Frédéric Monette and Benoit Beckers. Appendix 1. Table of Europe’s Platforms (Micro- and Minisatellites) for Earth Observations, Théo Pirard. Appendix 2. Commercial Operators of Earth Observation (EO) Satellites (as of January 1, 2012), Théo Pirard. Appendix 3. Earth’s Annual Global Mean Energy Budget, Benoit Beckers.

Download or read book REPRESENTATION ET SIMULATION DE CROISSANCE DES VEGETAUX written by Marc Jaeger and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: L'IMAGE DE SYNTHESE SE HEURTE A LA REPRESENTATION DES VEGETAUX, ETRES COMPLEXES, VARIES ET EVOLUTIFS. LE MODELE DEVELOPPE ICI UTILISE UNE MODELISATION FINE DE L'ARCHITECTURE DES VEGETAUX A PARTIR DE DEUX APPROCHES COMPLEMEZNTAIRES. LA PREMIERE, BOTANIQUE, DECRIT LES HIERARCHIES ET PROCESSUS INTERVENANT DANS L'ELABORATION DE L'ARCHITECTURE DES VEGETAUX: LA DEUXIEME, DE NATURE MATHEMATIQUE, DEFINIT L'ARCHITECTURE D'UNE PLANTE PRECISE PAR DES LOIS STOCHASTIQUES DE CROISSANCE, DE VIABILITE ET DE RAMIFICATION DES BOURGEONS. LA TRADUCTION INFORMATIQUE DU MODELE ABOUTIT A UN GENERATEUR DE VEGETAUX COMPOSE D'UN MOTEUR DE CROISSANCE (QUI DETERMINE L'EVOLUTION TOPOLOGIQUE DE LA PLANTE) ET DE FONCTIONS GEOMETRIQUE (QUI DEFINISSENT LES DIRECTIONS DE DEVELOPPEMENT ET L'EFFET DE LA PESANTEUR)

Download or read book Architecture et croissance des plantes written by Philippe de Reffye and published by Quae. This book was released on 2016-12-15 with total page 894 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comment les plantes poussent-elles ? Le nombre d’or est-il omniprésent dans leur architecture ? Leurs structures sont-elles fractales ? Ont-elles un langage ? Une grammaire ? Il y a du vrai dans ces questions, mais il faut aller plus loin. Il faut identifier, modéliser et simuler le rôle des organes d’une plante dans sa croissance et leur fonctionnement. La modélisation des plantes fait l’objet de recherches à l’interface de disciplines biologiques (botanique, agronomie, génétique, écophysiologie) des mathématiques appliquées et de l’informatique. Elle permet de créer les modèles de développement de l’architecture des plantes, mais aussi les modèles de production végétale, expression de la croissance des organes. Les auteurs de cet ouvrage nous exposent les fondements biologiques, mathématiques et informatiques qui permettent d’exprimer le fonctionnement des bourgeons, la production photosynthétique de la biomasse et sa répartition dans les organes d’une plante. La simulation de la croissance des plantes devient alors possible sous la forme de modèles dynamiques et sa représentation, sous la forme d’images de synthèse. Ces modèles autorisent de multiples applications. De nombreuses plantes sont présentées (herbacées, arbustes et arbres) ; leur modélisation a une visée pratique en agriculture, en gestion des ressources naturelles et de l’environnement et en représentation des paysages. Rédigé par des botanistes, des agronomes, des mathématiciens et des informaticiens, cet ouvrage collectif est le fruit de quarante années de recherches conduites par Philippe de Reffye et ses collègues, avec des collaborations scientifiques en France, en Hollande, en Chine et en Afrique. Il s’adresse aux chercheurs, enseignants et étudiants en biologie, en agronomie et en sciences de la vie, aux architectes paysagistes, écologues, qui s’intéressent à la croissance des plantes, à leur modélisation et à leur représentation. Il s’adresse aussi à toutes les communautés des sciences exactes (mathématiciens, informaticiens, physiciens) intéressées par la simulation du vivant.

Download or read book Architecture des plantes et production v g tale written by Philippe de Reffye and published by Quae. This book was released on 2018-05-17 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comment modéliser la production végétale en utilisant les concepts de l’architecture des plantes ? À l’interface des disciplines biologiques, des mathématiques et de l’informatique, la modélisation des plantes présentée dans cet ouvrage permet de comprendre comment l’architecture d’une plante se construit, pas à pas, tout en étant le support de la production végétale c’est-à-dire selon le type de plante, d’organes (feuille, tiges, fruits, etc.), faisant parfois l’objet de valorisation économique. Pour cela, il faut modéliser d’abord l’organogénèse,issue des bourgeons, qui conduit le développement architectural, avec ses règles botaniques. Il faut ensuite, modéliser la photosynthèse, avec ses règles éco-physiologiques et les relations sources-puits entre organes qui produisent et répartissent la biomasse dans la plante. Les paramètres et les équations, une fois identifiés et établis, permettent, grâce à des programmes informatiques, de simuler la croissance et l’architecture des plantes et des peuplements en fonction des conditions environnementales (température, lumière, eau, densité de plantation). Les simulations 2D ou 3D des plantes reproduites dans l’ouvrage ne sont pas de simples figures, elles reproduisent numériquement et fidèlement le développement et la croissance des plantes étudiées. Les applications potentielles de cette modélisation sont nombreuses, impliquant tout d’abord l’estimation des paramètres du développement et de la croissance de la plante cultivée étudiée, l’ouvrage en présente de multiples cas : arabette, maïs, tournesol, cotonnier, caféier, merisier, érable, ... Ces jeux de paramètres peuvent être ensuite utilisés dans des schémas de sélection ou d’optimisation de la production des systèmes culturaux (irrigation, ...). Tandis que l’objectif de l’ouvrage numérique Architecture et croissance des plantesmis en ligne en 2016 par les Éditions Quæ était de développer et de détailler toutes les étapes de cette recherche, celui de cet ouvrage plus synthétique est de rendre compte des principaux fondements de la modélisation des plantes, pour mieux la connaître. Rédigé par des botanistes, des agronomes, des mathématiciens et des informaticiens, cet ouvrage collectif est le fruit de quarante années de recherches et de collaborations scientifiques entre des équipes en France, en Hollande, en Chine et en Afrique. Il s’adresse aux chercheurs, enseignants et étudiants en biologie, en agronomie et en sciences de la vie. Mais aussi aux architectes paysagistes, écologues et aux communautés des sciences exactes (mathématiciens, informaticiens, physiciens) intéressées par la simulation du vivant.

Download or read book Terra 2008 written by Leslie Rainer and published by Getty Publications. This book was released on 2011-06-14 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Earthen architecture constitutes one of the most diverse forms of cultural heritage and one of the most challenging to preserve. It dates from all periods and is found on all continents but is particularly prevalent in Africa, where it has been a building tradition for centuries. Sites range from ancestral cities in Mali to the palaces of Abomey in Benin, from monuments and mosques in Iran and Buddhist temples on the Silk Road to Spanish missions in California. This volume's sixty-four papers address such themes as earthen architecture in Mali, the conservation of living sites, local knowledge systems and intangible aspects, seismic and other natural forces, the conservation and management of archaeological sites, research advances, and training.

Download or read book Digital Design of Nature written by Oliver Deussen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2005-11-04 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is computer graphics and what are the conceptual tasks of research in this area? To the average person the term still conveys more or less the design of - gos and the manipulation of pictures with the help of image-editing programs. However, during the past four decades, computer graphics has evolved into an innovative multifaceted ?eld of research and computing that affects many other sciences. In many areas and for many problems we can best convey an und- standing through images that trigger our sense with the highest capability: our eye. And, what is more, aside from algorithms, formulas, and tables, the c- puter graphics scientist often is able to create beauty. Though it is a beauty of its own, it often fascinates the viewer, especially when complex aesthetic images emerge from simple mathematical concepts. Also, there are only a few other areas that advance as dynamically as inf- matics and especially computer graphics. While CPU capacity still increases and is almost doubled every 18 months, the rendering speed and ef?ciency of graphics boards has increased even more during recent years. Today, images can be rendered in real time that some years ago still required several hours of computing. Parallel to the rapid improvement of computer hardware, many newalgorithms weredevelopedthattoday form the basis for some fundamental changes and achievements in graphics.

Download or read book Surrealism and Architecture written by Thomas Mical and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Twenty-one essays examining the relationship of surrealist thought to architectural theory and practice.

Download or read book Hierarchy in Natural and Social Sciences written by Denise Pumain and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-02-09 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hierarchy is a form of organisation of complex systems that rely on or produce a strong differentiation in capacity (power and size) between the parts of the system. It is frequently observed within the natural living world as well as in social institutions. According to the authors, hierarchy results from random processes, follows an intentional design, or is the result of the organisation which ensures an optimal circulation of energy for information. This book reviews ancient and modern representations and explanations of hierarchies, and compares their relevance in a variety of fields, such as language, societies, cities, and living species. It throws light on concepts and models such as scaling laws, fractals and self-organisation that are fundamental in the dynamics and morphology of complex systems. At a time when networks are celebrated for their efficiency, flexibility and better social acceptance, much can be learned about the persistent universality and adaptability of hierarchies, and from the analogies and differences between biological and social organisation and processes. This book addresses a wide audience of biologists and social scientists, as well as managers and executives in a variety of institutions.

Download or read book The Evolution of Designs written by Philip Steadman and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2008-06-03 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Evolution of Designs tells the history of the many analogies that have been made, since the end of the eighteenth century, between the evolution of organisms and the human production of artefacts – especially buildings.

Download or read book Conservation Regeneration the Modernist Neighbourhood written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 807 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The First Farmers of Central Europe written by Penny Bickle and published by Oxbow Books. This book was released on 2013-07-09 with total page 561 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From about 5500 cal BC to soon after 5000 cal BC, the lifeways of the first farmers of central Europe, the LBK culture (Linearbandkeramik), are seen in distinctive practices of longhouse use, settlement forms, landscape choice, subsistence, material culture and mortuary rites. Within the five or more centuries of LBK existence a dynamic sequence of changes can be seen in, for instance, the expansion and increasing density of settlement, progressive regionalisation in pottery decoration, and at the end some signs of stress or even localised crisis. Although showing many features in common across its very broad distribution, however, the LBK phenomenon was not everywhere the same, and there is a complicated mixture of uniformity and diversity. This major study takes a strikingly large regional sample, from northern Hungary westwards along the Danube to Alsace in the upper Rhine valley, and addresses the question of the extent of diversity in the lifeways of developed and late LBK communities, through a wide-ranging study of diet, lifetime mobility, health and physical condition, the presentation of the bodies of the deceased in mortuary ritual. It uses an innovative combination of isotopic (principally carbon, nitrogen and strontium, with some oxygen), osteological and archaeological analysis to address difference and change across the LBK, and to reflect on cultural change in general.

Download or read book Crop Structure and Light Microclimate written by C. Varlet-Grancher and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Governing Africa s Forests in a Globalized World written by Laura Anne German and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2009-12-01 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many countries around the world are engaged in decentralization processes, and most African countries face serious problems with forest governance, from benefits sharing to illegality and sustainable forest management. This book summarizes experiences to date on the extent and nature of decentralization and its outcomes - most of which suggest an underperformance of governance reforms - and explores the viability of different governance instruments in the context of weak governance and expanding commercial pressures over forests. Findings are grouped into two thematic areas: decentralization, livelihoods and sustainable forest management; and international trade, finance and forest sector governance reforms. The authors examine diverse forces shaping the forest sector, including the theory and practice of decentralization, usurpation of authority, corruption and illegality, inequitable patterns of benefits capture and expansion of international trade in timber and carbon credits, and discuss related outcomes on livelihoods, forest condition and equity. The book builds on earlier volumes exploring different dimensions of decentralization and perspectives from other world regions, and distills dimensions of forest governance that are both unique to Africa and representative of broader global patterns. The authors ground their analysis in relevant theory while drawing out implications of their findings for policy and practice.

Download or read book Adaptive Geometry of Trees MPB 3 Volume 3 written by Henry S. Horn and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2020-03-31 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Through use of the models Professor Horn has devised, plant ecologists, foresters, and botanists will be able to predict the growth and productivity of a forest, the invading and senile species in a forest, the effect of shade tolerance on forest succession, and similar questions.

Download or read book A Glossary of Botanic Terms with Their Derivation and Accent written by Benjamin Daydon Jackson and published by London : Duckworth. This book was released on 1928 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Preface; Plan of the work; Glossary; Supplement.