Download or read book Report on Research Into the Utilisation of Victorian Brown Coal written by Aubrey Frederic Burstall and published by . This book was released on 1945 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Science of Victorian Brown Coal written by R.A. Durie and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 767 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Science of Victorian Brown Coal provides extensive information on Victorian brown coal, which is a major fossil fuel resource by any standard and constitutes about 97% of Victoria's recoverable energy reserves. Energy from brown coal has been the mainstay of the Victorian economy, providing low-cost electricity to the state grid, briquettes as a fuel for industry and town gas prior to the discovery of natural gas. Because of the unique properties of the coal, it has been necessary to develop an in-depth scientific knowledge of the coal and its behavior, as well as innovative technologies for its effective utilization. The economic benefit brown coal has provided to Victoria is demonstrated throughout the chapters. This book aims to provide the springboard for further research and lead to a new era in the development of value-added products and the more efficient utilization of this major resource. This text is a useful reference for students or individuals conducting research on fossil fuel energy, specifically on brown coals.

Download or read book Advances in the Science of Victorian Brown Coal written by Chun - Zhu Li and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2004-10-21 with total page 485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past decade, extensive research has been conducted on the subject of coal as one of the world’s leading energy sources. The current and future status of this resource is a topic of considerable interest to the largest world economies, including the US, Japan, China and Europe. Advances in the Science of Victorian Brown Coal provides critical reviews of the information and research published over this time, giving the reader an authoritative overview of the science surrounding this important topic. Critical review of recent research surrounding the utilization of brown coal. Key issues addressed include maximized efficiency and minimized environmental impacts Focuses on Victorian Brown Coal within the context of biomass and bituminous coal A critical thermodynamic overview of various advanced power generation technologies

Download or read book Report of the Executive Committee Upon the Utilization of Victorian Brown Coal written by Institute of Victorian Industries. Executive Committee and published by . This book was released on 1915 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Victorian Brown Coal for Industry written by J. R. Nicholson and published by . This book was released on 1947 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Victorian Brown Coal written by David White and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Investigations on Victorian Brown Coal as a Fuel for Power Generation in Direct Carbon Fuel Cells written by Adam Carl Rady and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coal accounts for almost forty-percent of global power generation. Globally, coal is likely to retain a central role in power generation given its abundance and economic advantage over other fuels for the foreseeable future. However, current coal-fired power stations are inefficient (25-35% efficiency) and contribute to significant CO2 emissions. Therefore, there is a concerted effort to improve the efficiency of coal use, potentially resulting in reduced CO2 emissions.Amongst alternative coal-based technologies, research into the direct carbon fuel cell (DCFC) has gathered momentum over the last decade. This is largely due to the high efficiency and carbon capture and storage compatibility of this promising and novel technology. Current research efforts in the DCFC field include the trialling of various types of carbons, predominantly from coal and biomass derived fuels, and assessing the influence of fuel properties on fuel cell performance and operability. In addition, understanding carbon reaction and conversion mechanisms, long-term fuel cell operation, as well as the compatibility of critical fuel cell components with cell operating environments are all pressing issues for advancing this technology. The present work addresses some of these key areas of interest in this field, in the context of Victorian brown coal char as a fuel in physical-contact solid oxide electrolyte DCFC. The studies were mostly focussed on lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite (LSCF), a mixed ion-electronic conducting (MIEC) anode for the cell with yttria-stabilised zirconia (YSZ) as the electrolyte and LSCF as the cathode. However, due to long term instability of the LSCF in fuel environments, an alternative anode was also investigated. Following a review of the desirable properties of solid fuels for use in a DCFC, the first investigation in this body of work directly addresses the influence of fuel-based properties on the performance of a DCFC. The results from DCFCs operated on Victorian brown coal are encouraging. A thorough characterisation and analysis of chars produced from the coal used has highlighted the contribution of inorganic species, inherent in the coal, to fuel reactivity and ultimately to fuel cell performance. These results were benchmarked against pure carbon in the form of carbon black.Subsequent investigation into extended cell operation revealed insights into potential sources of cell performance degradation. Through careful monitoring of cell performance via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, a mechanism of carbon consumption contributing to loss of electrical conducting pathways was proposed. The state of the MIEC anode before and after cell operation was also investigated and showed that there were changes occurring to the anode phase relating to the coarsening of LSCF particles as well as minor phase instabilities. In addition, a phenomenon of power overshoots, not reported in any detail in the literature, during voltage-current density scans was observed and the influence of the fuel chamber atmosphere on this was evaluated.Noting the structural changes to the LSCF electrode over extended periods of operation in strongly reducing atmospheres, a new anode was fabricated and trialled in the DCFC. The anode, composed of nickel, Gadolinia-Doped Ceria (GDC), and YSZ, delivered promising stability and operability when using a demineralised coal char as the fuel. Ash accumulation at the anode has been proposed as a likely contributor to degradation in the cell performance with time in the case of raw coal char. In order to gain further insight into the role of coal impurities within the DCFC, carbon black was impregnated with various catalytic species (compounds of Ca, Mg and Fe) for a targeted investigation into the effect of these inorganic species on DCFC performance. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed effects of these catalytic elements on the reactivity (Ca > Fe > Mg) of the catalysed carbon fuels towards Boudouard gasification under a carbon dioxide atmosphere. The catalysed carbon reactivity translated into enhanced fuel cell performance in a similar order, supporting the relationship between carbon reactivity and cell performance identified in the earlier study. The research outcomes from this project have generated substantial knowledge in the field of fuel (Victorian brown coal) preparation and characterisation, DCFC operation, carbon oxidation mechanism, cell performance, and lifetime of critical cell components with Victorian brown coal as a fuel for power generation. The findings presented in this study are expected to contribute to the development of this technology for the operation of direct-contact solid electrolyte based DCFCs using solid carbonaceous fuels.

Download or read book The Utilisation of Brown Coal written by P. G. W. Bayly and published by . This book was released on 1908 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Brown Coal in Victoria and Its Utilization written by State Electricity Commission of Victoria and published by . This book was released on 1956 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Towards the Utilization of Victorian Brown Coal written by David G. Evans and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Victorian Brown Coal Resource Development Study written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Reports on Brown Coal and Its Occurrence Value and Utilization in Victoria written by Henry C. Jenkins and published by . This book was released on 1902 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Future utilisation of Victorian brown coal written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Laboratory Tests of the Use of Victorian Brown Coal for Removing Traces of Radio activity from Water written by J. O'Keefe and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Chemical Looping Combustion of Victorian Brown Coal Using Fe based Oxygen Carriers written by Sharmen Rajendran and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The vast reserves of Victorian brown coal (VBC), over 400 years at the current rate of consumption, is predominantly used for power generation with over 80% of Victoria's electricity generated from the combustion of this fuel. This results in the emission of vast amounts of greenhouse gases such as CO2. Hence, it is important to investigate carbon dioxide capture and storage technologies for use in power stations employing fossil fuels. Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC) is an emerging CO2 capture technology which is capable of inherently capturing CO2. In CLC, the Oxygen Carrier (OC) provides the oxygen for the combustion of the fuel hence eliminating dilution with N2 from air. Once the oxygen in the OC is depleted, it is regenerated through oxidation in air and is then sent back to react with another batch of fuel. The vast majority of research in the field of CLC has been focussed on gaseous fuels such as natural gas and syngas due to the simplicity of such a process. In recent times, there has been a shift towards the use of solid fuels due to their abundance, widespread availability and lower cost. As such, there are a number of gaps in the field of CLC employing solid fuels; additionally, the only information relating to CLC of VBC is limited to experiments using small scale laboratory equipment. This thesis serves to fill some of the gaps in the field of VBC-fuelled CLC. The first study investigated the effect of inherent coal minerals on the performance of a CLC system; a high ash Canadian lignite was also used as part of this comparative study. The results highlighted that the low ash VBC was more suitable for use as a fuel in CLC as it was highly reactive and its low ash content led to a smaller amount of ash deposition on the OC. The second study involved using synchrotron radiation to perform in-situ X-ray Diffraction studies of a VBC-fuelled CLC process to understand both the changes that the OC undergoes as part of the redox reaction as well as carbon deposition on the OC. The results showed that the reduction of Fe2O3 beyond Fe3O4 was not favourable over long periods of time when using CO2 as the gasification agent as it led to carbon deposition on the OC. The third study is a first-of-its-kind investigation, where the reduction kinetics of an Fe-based OC was determined in the presence of a char derived from VBC. The Shrinking Core Model (SCM) and the Modified Volume Reaction Model (MVRM) were used to model the reduction of the OC. The results showed that both models were capable of predicting the reduction of Fe2O3 in the presence of a solid fuel. The calculations also verified that the rate limiting step in CLC was that of char gasification. The fourth study investigated the effect of the reactor configuration on the performance of the CLC system as such a comparison has never been attempted. A fluidized bed reactor, an atmospheric fixed bed reactor and a pressurized fixed bed reactor operated at 5 bar were used. The amount of the fuel and the OC together with the flow rates of the gases were kept constant so that the results from the different setups could be compared accurately. It was found that using the fluidized bed reactor allowed for the fastest gasification of the fuel due to better contact between the gasification agent and fuel. Although the CO2 yield and carbon conversion in the fluidized bed reactor was lower compared to the other two fixed bed reactors, it is expected that the use of a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) reactor with cyclones, a carbon stripper and a taller expanded freeboard would improve these two parameters. The fifth study involved fabricating and trialling 18 synthetic OCs in which NiO, CuO and Mn2O3 were supported on Fe2O3. This was done as most studies in literature utilize an inert support that is not able to take part in the redox reaction; as such a greater quantity of the OC is needed to provide the necessary oxygen. The results highlight that impregnated OCs were more reactive relative to their physically mixed counterparts. The use of high levels of CuO should be avoided as it led to the defluidization of the bed. Although NiO performed well, it may not be suitable for use due to its toxicity. Taking numerous considerations into account, the use of Mn2O3 was recommended as it led to a synergistic effect with Fe2O3. The sixth and final study of this thesis utilized a 10 kWth alternating fluidized bed reactor to trial the performance of VBC in a large scale reactor. A number of studies on the effects of temperature, fuel type, OC particle size range and long term operation on the performance of the CLC system were done. The NOx emissions were quantified and a carbon balance was also performed. The NOx emissions were found to average around 25 ppm over the course of the reduction reaction. Based on the carbon balance, 6.8% of the introduced carbon was unaccounted for due to the low capture efficiency of the cyclones. The optimum parameters were found to be 900°C for the temperature, 150-350 μm for the OC particle size range and VBC for the fuel. The average carbon conversion and CO2 yield over 35 reduction reactions was found to be 86% and 81% respectively for the conditions optimized for this reactor setup. These studies show that the use of Fe-based OCs is highly promising with VBC. The main recommendation from this thesis is the use of VBC in a CFB reactor as this is expected to significantly improve the carbon conversion and CO2 yield.

Download or read book The Victorian Brown Coal Development Study written by Victoria. Department of Minerals and Energy and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Victorian Brown Coal Future Development written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: