Download or read book Report of the 90 day Study on Human Exploration of the Moon and Mars written by United States and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Report of the 90 Day Study on Human Exploration of the Moon and Mars written by National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa and published by . This book was released on 2018-11-19 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The basic mission sequence to achieve the President's goal is clear: begin with Space Station Freedom in the 1990's, return to the Moon to stay early in the Next century, and then journey to Mars. Five reference approaches are modeled building on past programs and recent studies to reflect wide-ranging strategies that incorporate varied program objectives, schedules, technologies, and resource availabilities. The reference approaches are (1) balance and speed; (2) the earliest possible landing on Mars; (3) reduce logistics from Earth; (4) schedule adapted to Space Station Freedom; and (5) reduced scales. The study and programmatic assessment have shown that the Human Exploration Initiative is indeed a feasible approach to achieving the President's goals. Several reasonable alternatives exist, but a long-range commitment and significant resources will be required. However, the value of the program and the benefits to the Nation are immeasurable. LOGISTICS; LUNAR BASES; MARS LANDING; NASA PROGRAMS; SPACE EXPLORATION; SPACE STATION FREEDOM; SPACE STATIONS; DATA MANAGEMENT; MANAGEMENT METHODS; NAVIGATION; RESOURCES MANAGEMENT; ROBOTS; SCHEDULES; TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT; TELECOMMUNICATION; UNMANNED SPACECRAFT...

Download or read book Ninety day Study on Human Exploration of the Moon and Mars written by National Space Council (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Report of the 90 day Study on Human Exploration of the Moon and Mars written by United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Human Exploration of Space written by Committee on Human Exploration and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1998-01-13 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During 1988, the National Research Council's Space Science Board reorganized itself to more effectively address NASA's advisory needs. The Board's scope was broadened: it was renamed the Space Studies Board and, among other new initiatives, the Committee on Human Exploration was created. The new committee was intended to focus on the scientific aspects of human exploration programs, rather than engineering issues. Their research led to three reports: Scientific Prerequisites for the Human Exploration of Space published in 1993, Scientific Opportunities in the Human Exploration of Space published in 1994, and Science Management in the Human Exploration of Space published in 1997. These three reports are collected and reprinted in this volume in their entirety as originally published.

Download or read book Humans to Mars written by David S. F. Portree and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Human Travel to the Moon and Mars written by Matt Doeden and published by Twenty-First Century Books. This book was released on 2011-10-01 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discusses the history, financial aspects, and risks of space exploration.

Download or read book Human Exploration of Mars written by Stephen J. Hoffman and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Personnel representing several NASA field centers have formulated a "Reference Mission" addressing human exploration of Mars. Summarizes their work and describes a plan for the first human missions to Mars, using approaches that are technically feasible, have reasonable risks, and have relatively low costs. The architecture for the Mars Reference Mission builds on previous work of the Synthesis Group (1991) and Zubrin's (1991) concepts for the use of propellants derived from the Martian Atmosphere. In defining the Reference Mission, choices have been made. The rationale for each choice is documented; however, unanticipated technology advances or political decisions might change the choices in the future.

Download or read book Exploring the Moon and Mars written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1992-09 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Human Health and Performance Risks of Space Exploration Missions written by Jancy C. McPhee and published by U. S. National Aeronautics & Space Administration. This book was released on 2009 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book NASA s Journey to Mars Pioneering Next Steps in Space Exploration written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2016-02-05 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document communicates NASA’s strategy and progress to learn about the Red Planet, to inform us more about our Earth’s past and future, and may help answer whether life exists beyond our home planet. Together with NASA’s partners in academia and commercial enterprises, NASA’s vision is to pioneer Mars and answer some of humanity’s fundamental questions: • Was Mars home to microbial life? Is it today? • Could it be a safe home for humans one day? • What can it teach us about life elsewhere in the cosmos or how life began on Earth? • What can it teach us about Earth’s past, present, and future?

Download or read book Human Exploration of Space written by National Research Council (U.S.). Space Studies Board. Committee on Human Exploration and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Recapturing a Future for Space Exploration written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-01-30 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More than four decades have passed since a human first set foot on the Moon. Great strides have been made in our understanding of what is required to support an enduring human presence in space, as evidenced by progressively more advanced orbiting human outposts, culminating in the current International Space Station (ISS). However, of the more than 500 humans who have so far ventured into space, most have gone only as far as near-Earth orbit, and none have traveled beyond the orbit of the Moon. Achieving humans' further progress into the solar system had proved far more difficult than imagined in the heady days of the Apollo missions, but the potential rewards remain substantial. During its more than 50-year history, NASA's success in human space exploration has depended on the agency's ability to effectively address a wide range of biomedical, engineering, physical science, and related obstacles-an achievement made possible by NASA's strong and productive commitments to life and physical sciences research for human space exploration, and by its use of human space exploration infrastructures for scientific discovery. The Committee for the Decadal Survey of Biological and Physical Sciences acknowledges the many achievements of NASA, which are all the more remarkable given budgetary challenges and changing directions within the agency. In the past decade, however, a consequence of those challenges has been a life and physical sciences research program that was dramatically reduced in both scale and scope, with the result that the agency is poorly positioned to take full advantage of the scientific opportunities offered by the now fully equipped and staffed ISS laboratory, or to effectively pursue the scientific research needed to support the development of advanced human exploration capabilities. Although its review has left it deeply concerned about the current state of NASA's life and physical sciences research, the Committee for the Decadal Survey on Biological and Physical Sciences in Space is nevertheless convinced that a focused science and engineering program can achieve successes that will bring the space community, the U.S. public, and policymakers to an understanding that we are ready for the next significant phase of human space exploration. The goal of this report is to lay out steps and develop a forward-looking portfolio of research that will provide the basis for recapturing the excitement and value of human spaceflight-thereby enabling the U.S. space program to deliver on new exploration initiatives that serve the nation, excite the public, and place the United States again at the forefront of space exploration for the global good.

Download or read book Pathways to Exploration written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2014-09-30 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States has publicly funded its human spaceflight program on a continuous basis for more than a half-century, through three wars and a half-dozen recessions, from the early Mercury and Gemini suborbital and Earth orbital missions, to the lunar landings, and thence to the first reusable winged crewed spaceplane that the United States operated for three decades. Today the United States is the major partner in a massive orbital facility - the International Space Station - that is becoming the focal point for the first tentative steps in commercial cargo and crewed orbital space flights. And yet, the long-term future of human spaceflight beyond this project is unclear. Pronouncements by multiple presidents of bold new ventures by Americans to the Moon, to Mars, and to an asteroid in its native orbit, have not been matched by the same commitment that accompanied President Kennedy\'s now fabled 1961 speech-namely, the substantial increase in NASA funding needed to make it happen. Are we still committed to advancing human spaceflight? What should a long-term goal be, and what does the United States need to do to achieve it? Pathways to Exploration explores the case for advancing this endeavor, drawing on the history of rationales for human spaceflight, examining the attitudes of stakeholders and the public, and carefully assessing the technical and fiscal realities. This report recommends maintaining the long-term focus on Mars as the horizon goal for human space exploration. With this goal in mind, the report considers funding levels necessary to maintain a robust tempo of execution, current research and exploration projects and the time/resources needed to continue them, and international cooperation that could contribute to the achievement of spaceflight to Mars. According to Pathways to Exploration, a successful U.S. program would require sustained national commitment and a budget that increases by more than the rate of inflation. In reviving a U.S. human exploration program capable of answering the enduring questions about humanity's destiny beyond our tiny blue planet, the nation will need to grapple with the attitudinal and fiscal realities of the nation today while staying true to a small but crucial set of fundamental principles for the conduct of exploration of the endless frontier. The recommendations of Pathways to Exploration provide a clear map toward a human spaceflight program that inspires students and citizens by furthering human exploration and discovery, while taking into account the long-term commitment necessary to achieve this goal.

Download or read book Apollo 12 written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration and published by . This book was released on 2014-10-06 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our second journey to the Moon opened the new age of extraterrestrial scientific exploration by man. Going beyond Apollo 11, which demonstrated to an eager world that astronauts can set foot on a celestial body and return safely to Earth, Apollo 12 concentrated on a systematic scientific sampling designed to help unlock some of the secrets of the solar system's origin and early history. At Apollo 12's destination we had in the spring of 1967 landed Surveyor 3, a spiderlike mechanical creature with three legs, a clawlike arm, and a roving TV eye. Less than 3 years later, Pete Conrad and Alan Bean landed their lunar module Intrepid with precision a few thousand feet from Surveyor 3, enabling them to disassemble parts exposed to the lunar environment for a known time for later analysis back on Earth. This was but a single task in a long series of tasks the astronauts had to perform, but to me this precise landing so close to a preselected site a quarter of a million miles from Earth points up the marvelous inseparability of mechanical and scientific capabilities in space exploration. This document, like the initial report of the first manned landing, relates the preliminary scientific observations resulting from the mission of Apollo 12. Further study and more detailed analysis will undoubtedly produce additional significant results, just as additional manned landings will undoubtedly reveal new mechanical and scientific marvels. The Apollo 11 Mission, primarily designed to land men on the Moon and return them safely to Earth, signaled a new phase of the manned space program. Based on the success of Apollo 11, the first of a series of missions designed for the systematic exploration of the Moon was successfully accomplished on Apollo 12. The fact that the Apollo 12 astronauts were able to achieve a pinpoint landing at a preselected site, and then spend an extended time on the lunar surface, graphically illustrates the rapid progress of the Apollo program. The Apollo 12 mission added significantly to man's knowledge of the Moon. The precise landing capability allowed the crew to accomplish a wide variety of preplanned tasks and paved the way for planning future missions to smaller, more selected landing areas with the possibility of significant scientific returns. The Apollo 12 mission also benefited lunar orbital science. By changing the orbital plane of the command and service module (CSM) twice, once for rendezvous and once to accomplish photographic tasks, the crew demonstrated the capability to explore new areas of the lunar surface during orbital operations. Future flights will take advantage of this capability to photograph additional potential landing sites and to make scientific observations of the surface, both visually and photographically. The success of the Apollo 12 crew in lunar orbit allowed an increase in the planned orbital activities for the Apollo 13 mission. The large quantity of lunar soil and rocks brought back by the Apollo 12 astronauts will add to the detailed scientific information already obtained from the Apollo 11 samples. The emplaced scientific experiments have yielded considerable geophysical data that were unavailable prior to the Apollo 12 mission. With the landing of future missions, a network of scientific instruments will be created that will greatly enhance the gathering of data. This report is preliminary and covers only the initial scientific results of the Apollo 12 mission. A great deal of work remains for the scientists involved to interpret and understand the returned lunar material and the data being constantly transmitted from the Apollo 12 scientific experiments on the Moon.

Download or read book Mars Wars written by World Spaceflight News and published by . This book was released on 2017-05-08 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winner of the 2007 AIAA History Manuscript Award, Mars Wars: The Rise and Fall of the Space Exploration Initiative investigates one of the most important chapters in the history of the American space program. This is a story of bureaucratic infighting, personality clashes, cultural struggles, and a deeply flawed policy process that ultimately doomed an effort to provide direction to a directionless agency by sending humans to the red planet. "Thor Hogan has put together a careful and comprehensive account of a failed space initiative that has provided cautionary insights for those planning the U.S. future in space. The nation chose not to go back to the Moon and on to Mars almost twenty years ago. It is embarked on that path now, and one can only hope the results are more positive this time around. Think where we could be by now if we had chosen the exploratory focus proposed by President George H.W Bush in 1989. Hogan's account makes it clear why that did not happen." John Logsdon, The George Washington University "From even before the beginning of the space age advocates have developed plans for the human exploration of Mars. It was a part of the long range plan of NASA in 1959 and has been a significant goal in NASA's efforts thereafter. In 1989 space advocates persuaded President George H.W. Bush to announce the Space Exploration Initiative, which would lead to a mission to Mars. Thor Hogan's study tells the details of this initiative for the first time, offering an important perspective on the still-born effort as it died a long death in the Washington bureaucracy." Roger Launius, Smithsonian Institution Contents: Chapter 1: Introduction * The Policy Stream and Punctuated Equilibrium Models * Why Mars? * Canals on Mars * Mars in Popular Culture * Mariner and Viking * Chapter 2: The Origins of SEI * Early Mission Planning * Post-Apollo Planning * Case for Mars * National Commission on Space * The Ride Report * President Reagan and NASA's Office of Exploration * Chapter 3: Bush, Quayle, and SEI * Bush-Quayle 1988 * Reagan-Bush Transition * The Problem Stream: Providing Direction to a Directionless Agency * The Policy Stream: The Ad Hoc Working Group * The Political Stream: Briefing Key Actors * Joining the Streams: Human Exploration of Mars Reaches the Gov. Agenda * Chapter 4: The 90-Day Study * Waiting for NASA * SEI Takes Shape * Mars Wars * Chapter 5: The Battle to Save SEI * Presidential Decisions * SEI Hits the Road * Losing Faith in NASA * The Augustine and Synthesis Group Reports * SEI Fades Away * Chapter 6: SEI, Policy Streams, and Punctuated Equilibrium * Policy Streams, SEI, and the Space Policy Community * Punctuated Equilibrium, Space Policy, and SEI * Chapter 7: The Lessons of SEI

Download or read book The Scientific Context for Exploration of the Moon written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-08-03 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because of the Moon's unique place in the evolution of rocky worlds, it is a prime focus of NASA's space exploration vision. Currently NASA is defining and implementing a series of robotic orbital and landed missions to the Moon as the initial phase of this vision. To realize the benefits of this activity, NASA needs a comprehensive, well-validated, and prioritized set of scientific research objectives. To help establish those objectives, NASA asked the NRC to provide guidance on the scientific challenges and opportunities enabled by sustained robotic and human exploration of the Moon during the period 2008-2023 and beyond. This final report presents a review of the current understanding of the early earth and moon; the identification of key science concepts and goals for moon exploration; an assessment of implementation options; and a set of prioritized lunar science concepts, goals, and recommendations. An interim report was released in September 2006.