Download or read book Repenser les biens communs written by Béatrice Parance and published by . This book was released on 2014-02-13 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: L'eau, l'air, les ressources naturelles et les fonds marins, certains médicaments, le spectre hertzien, le numérique... peuvent être analysés comme des "biens communs". Nécessaires à tous, il convient d'en offrir l'usage à chacun. Mais par quels outils ? Si, au Moyen-Age, il existait des biens communaux et des droits d'usage, comme celui des forêts, le droit moderne occidental a fait de la propriété, publique ou privée, la pierre angulaire de tous les rapports entre les personnes et les choses. Après la chute du Mur, la privatisation des biens a même fini par devenir le dogme. Avec parfois des dérives dramatiques : ainsi, en Bolivie, la privatisation de l'eau au cours des années 2000 a eu pour conséquence de soulever une véritable révolte des populations locales. Suite à la "guerre de l'eau" dite de "Cochacamba", cette ressource y est désormais un bien commun, et la constitution bolivienne est une des premières à reconnaître cette notion. Comment régler les droits d'accès et la protection de certains biens que l'on considère comme essentiels pour la survie de l'espèce ! Quels mécanismes juridiques utiliser pour en protéger et en partager l'accès ? Si penser les biens communs est une absolue nécessité, c'est aussi une impasse intellectuelle de notre droit, qui ne dispose pas de réponses satisfaisantes dans ses catégories classiques. Le droit doit donc, de toute urgence, se réinventer. Telles sont les ambitions de cet ouvrage.

Download or read book L accaparement des biens communs written by Élodie Bertrand and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: La marchandisation tendancielle de portions grandissantes de la vie humaine et des ressources communes doit-elle être interprétée comme un pillage nuisible et destructeur ou comme un processus collectivement profitable ? Force est de constater qu'elle conduit aujourd'hui à l'extension du domaine des biens privés, au détriment de celui des biens publics et des biens communs. Face à celle-ci s'élabore une série de revendications multiples autour du commun et des communs en vue de contester l'accaparement capitaliste et de promouvoir une gouvernance démocratique de ceux-ci. Que sont les biens communs ? Comment peuvent-ils être légitimement pensés, gérés ? En quoi nous permettent-ils de repenser et de réinstituer le rapport des humains à la propriété, à leur(s) milieu(x), à leur environnement ? Cet ouvrage collectif s'attache à développer ces questions sur les plans d'abord des théories puis des terrains.

Download or read book L accaparement des biens communs written by Collectif and published by Presses universitaires de Paris Nanterre. This book was released on 2022-05-20 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: La marchandisation tendancielle de portions grandissantes de la vie humaine et des ressources communes doit-elle être interprétée comme un pillage nuisible et destructeur ou comme un processus collectivement profitable ? Force est de constater qu’elle conduit aujourd’hui à l’extension du domaine des biens privés, au détriment de celui des biens publics et des biens communs. Face à celle-ci s’élabore une série de revendications multiples autour du commun et des communs en vue de contester l’accaparement capitaliste et de promouvoir une gouvernance démocratique de ceux-ci. Que sont les biens communs ? Comment peuvent-ils être légitimement pensés, gérés ? En quoi nous permettent-ils de repenser et de réinstituer le rapport des humains à la propriété, à leur(s) milieu(x), à leur environnement ? Cet ouvrage collectif s’attache à développer ces questions sur les plans d’abord des théories puis des terrains.

Download or read book The Commons and a New Global Governance written by Samuel Cogolati and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2018-12-28 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Given the new-found importance of the commons in current political discourse, it has become increasingly necessary to explore the democratic, institutional, and legal implications of the commons for global governance today. This book analyses and explores the ground-breaking model of the commons and its relation to these debates.

Download or read book Finance Reconsidered written by Bernard Paranque and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2016-09-06 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume argues the need for a radical break with the methodological individualism that dominates economics, management and finance, asking 'How should we (re)define the concept of value?' and serving as a stepping stone for the rethinking of academic finance.

Download or read book L accaparement des biens communs written by Pierre Crétois and published by . This book was released on 2018-11-21 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: La première partie de l'ourvage : La contribution de philosophie politique de Stéphane Haber met en discussion la trilogie que Schmitt considère comme fondatrice des sociétés politiques : prendre/partager/exploiter, pour en proposer une alternative : donner/posséder et gérer en commun/préserver, en s'appuyant notamment sur l'anthropologie du don et la théorie des communs. Sa conclusion vise néanmoins à mettre en garde contre toute tentative de réduction du réel à un modèle théorique pur. Le chapitre écrit par Pierre Crétois considérant la philosophie du droit de propriété, critique l'approche courante selon laquelle le droit de propriété comme contrôle absolu de l'individu sur son bien est un élément essentiel d'une théorie de la justice. Il montre que les différentes formes d'appropriation expriment et régulent des relations sociales quant aux ressources. Maxime Desmarais-Tremblay, proposant une étude de philosophie de l'économie, analyse, dans sa contribution, les prolongements qu'a connus un des concepts dû à Richard A. Musgrave, ayant fait l'objet d'une forte polémique parmi les économistes, à savoir celui de "bien méritoire" . En particulier, il vise à clarifier les différents arguments ayant été mobilisés jusqu'à aujourd'hui pour justifier la non-appropriation privative de ce type de biens. Martin Deleixhe, se plaçant sur le terrain de la théorie politique, met en lumière l'intérêt des tenants de la démocratie radicale pour les biens communs, pour autant que ces derniers sont associés à une autogestion durable de la production, réinstituant les parties prenantes en maîtres de leur propre destin. L'autogestion des biens communs apparaît alors comme la forme de référence du renouvellement des pratiques démocratiques. La deuxième partie de l'ouvrage : Tout d'abord, Léa Eynaud, entend revenir sur le problème de la fondation politique de la catégorie de biens communs. Plus précisément, son article vise, au travers d'une approche de sociologie pragmatiste, à étudier les pratiques d'acteurs qui s'engagent à contre-sens de la privatisation des ressources, notamment avec les cas d'une coopérative de fourniture d'énergie renouvelable (Enercoop) et d'une ressourcerie. Rémi Schweizer, quant à lui, se propose de revenir aux expériences historiques des communs en les explorant sous l'angle des dynamiques d'appropriation qu'elles impliquent. L'enjeu consiste à repartir du terrain pour en tirer certains enseignements pour les communs modernes. Le cas des Alpes suisses est pour ce faire mobilisé : à travers l'exemple des Bisses Valaisans, c'est-à-dire d'un réseau d'eau entretenu et utilisé au sein d'une communauté agricole. Loin d'échapper aux logiques d'appropriation et d'exclusion, l'enchevêtrement de droits qui accompagnent l'exploitation des bisses ne repose ni sur une négation de la propriété, ni sur une subversion qui romprait avec une tradition exclusiviste. Les bisses se rapprochent au contraire, à certains égards, de biens clubs au sein et à la marge desquels les relations de pouvoir et les inégalités doivent être interrogées. Le texte de la politiste, Eleonora Gentilucci, présente les arguments des opposants à la "biopiraterie" , cette appropriation privée de semences qui sont considérées comme un bien commun de l'humanité. Un panorama des actions menées face à cette menace pour la biodiversité entend montrer l'efficacité de cette action quand elle est d'abord menée au niveau local. Natalia Frozel Barros, enfin, fait une analyse politique l'évolution du principe juridique de patrimoine commun de l'humanité gérant les ressources minières des fonds marins. D'abord élaboré dans un souci de communalisation de ces fonds, qui visait à empêcher une appropriation par les Etats, à réduire les inégalités internationales, et même à promouvoir la paix mondiale, celui-ci s'est orienté vers la possibilité d'une marchandisation et d'une appropriation étatique qui ne dit pas son nom. L'auteur mène cette étude en analysant les discours des négociateurs, qui disent vouloir s'adapter à la conjoncture internationale alors que ce sont eux qui participent de cette évolution libérale.

Download or read book Representations and Rights of the Environment written by Sandy Lamalle and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2023-01-31 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Attending to the 'Cry of the Earth' requires a critical appraisal of how we conceive our relationship with the environment, and a clear vision of how to apprehend it in law and governance. Addressing questions of participation, responsibility and justice, this collective endeavour includes marginalised and critical voices, featuring contributions by leading practitioners and thinkers in Indigenous law, traditional knowledge, wild law, the rights of nature, theology, public policy and environmental humanities.Such voices play a decisive role in comprehending and responding to current global challenges. They invite us to broaden our horizon of meaning and action, modes of knowing and being in the world, and envision the path ahead with a new legal consciousness. A valuable reference for students, researchers and practitioners, this book is one of a series of publications associated with the Earth System Governance Project. For more publications, see www.cambridge.org/earth-system-governance.

Download or read book L on Duguit and the Social Obligation Norm of Property written by Paul Babie and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-09-07 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book demonstrates the importance of Léon Duguit for property theory in both the civil and common law world. It translates into English for the first time ever Duguit’s seminal lecture on property, the sixth of a series given in 1911 in Buenos Aires. It also collects essays from the leading experts on the social function of property in major civil and common law jurisdictions internationally. The book explores the importance that the notion of the social function of property has come to have not only in France but in the entire civil law tradition, and also considers the wide – if un-attributed and seldom regarded – influence in the common law tradition and theory of property.

Download or read book Marine Genetic Resources R D and the Law 1 written by Bleuenn Guilloux and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-09-05 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in research and development reveal the immense diversity and potential of marine genetic resources. Under international law, no specific regime applies to these complex and paradoxical objects of use. The Law of the Sea Convention sets a framework that is partly inadequate for this new category of resources. The Biodiversity Convention and the Nagoya Protocol only address the genetic resources of national areas. Patents allow their holder to exercise a monopoly on exploiting biotechnological creations to extensive claims, questioning the common nature of biodiversity and related knowledge. They hinder research and the objectives of biodiversity law. The legal and practical rules of physical and functional access vary in geometry. They focus on the valorization of research results, crystallizing conflicts of interest between suppliers and users. Sustainable research and development is essential to the knowledge and protection of marine biodiversity. The qualification of marine genetic resources in common, standard contractual tools, distributed research and development infrastructures, negotiation of an agreement on sustainable use and conservation of biodiversity beyond the limits of national jurisdiction, would To remove these inconsistencies.

Download or read book Patterns of Commoning written by David Bollier and published by Commons Strategy Group and Off the Common Press. This book was released on 2015-11-06 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What accounts for the persistence and spread of "commoning," the irrepressible desire of people to collaborate and share to meet everyday needs? How are the more successful projects governed? And why are so many people embracing the commons as a powerful strategy for building a fair, humane and Earth-respecting social order? In more than fifty original essays, Patterns of Commoning addresses these questions and probes the inner complexities of this timeless social paradigm. The book surveys some of the most notable, inspiring commons around the world, from alternative currencies and open design and manufacturing, to centuries-old community forests and co-learning commons - and dozens of others. David Bollier (www.bollier.org) is an American author, activist and independent scholar who has studied the commons for nearly twenty years. Silke Helfrich (commonsblog.wordpress.com) is a German author and independent activist of the commons who blogs at www.commonsblog.de, and cofounder of the Commons-Institut in Germany. With Michel Bauwens, Bollier and Helfrich are cofounders of the Common Strategies Group. For more information, go to the book's website, Patterns of Commoning (www.patternsofcommoning.org)

Download or read book The Commons Plant Breeding and Agricultural Research written by Fabien Girard and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-03-09 with total page 525 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The joint challenges of population increase, food security and conservation of agrobiodiversity demand a rethink of plant breeding and agricultural research from a different perspective. While more food is undeniably needed, the key question is rather about how to produce it in a way that sustains biological diversity and mitigates climate change. This book shows how social sciences, and more especially law, can contribute towards reconfiguring current legal frameworks in order to achieving a better balance between the necessary requirements of agricultural innovation and the need for protection of agrobiodiversity. On the assumption that the concept of property can be rethought against the background of the 'right to include', so as to endow others with a common 'right to access' genetic resources, several international instruments and contractual arrangements drawn from the plant-breeding field (including the Convention on Biological Diversity, technology exchange clearing houses and open sources licenses) receive special consideration. In addition, the authors explore the tension between ownership and the free circulation and exchange of germplasm and issues such as genetic resources managed by local and indigenous communities, the ITPGRFA and participatory plant-breeding programmes. As a whole, the book demonstrates the relevance of the 'Commons' for plant breeding and agricultural innovation.

Download or read book Global Bioethics written by Henk ten Have and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-02-10 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The panorama of bioethical problems is different today. Patients travel to Thailand for fast surgery; commercial surrogate mothers in India deliver babies to parents in rich countries; organs, body parts and tissues are trafficked from East to Western Europe; physicians and nurses migrating from Africa to the U.S; thousands of children or patients with malaria, tuberculosis and AIDS are dying each day because they cannot afford effective drugs that are too expensive. Mainstream bioethics as it has developed during the last 50 years in Western countries is evolving into a broader approach that is relevant for people across the world and is focused on new global problems. This book provides an introduction into the new field of global bioethics. Addressing these problems requires a broader vision of bioethics that not only goes beyond the current emphasis on individual autonomy, but that criticizes the social, economic and political context that is producing the problems at global level. This book argues that global bioethics is a necessity because the social, economic and environmental effects of globalization require critical responses. Global bioethics is not a finished product that can simply be applied to solve global problems, but it is the ongoing result of interaction and exchange between local practices and global discourse. It combines recognition of differences and respect for cultural diversity with convergence towards common perspectives and shared values. The book examines the nature of global problems as well as the type of responses that are needed, in order to exemplify the substance of global bioethics. It discusses the ethical frameworks that are available for global discourse and shows how these are transformed into global governance mechanisms and practices.

Download or read book Trends and Challenges in Maritime Energy Management written by Aykut I. Ölçer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-05-03 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an overview of contemporary trends and challenges in maritime energy management (MEM). Coordinated action is necessary to achieve a low carbon and energy-efficient maritime future, and MEM is the prevailing framework aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions resulting from maritime industry activities. The book familiarizes readers with the status quo in the field, and paves the way for finding solutions to perceived challenges. The 34 contributions cover six important aspects: regulatory framework; energy-efficient ship design; energy efficient ship and port operation; economic and social dimensions; alternative fuels and wind-assisted ship propulsion; and marine renewable energy. This pioneering work is intended for researchers and academics as well as practitioners and policymakers involved in this important field.

Download or read book The Influence of Human Rights and Basic Rights in Private Law written by Verica Trstenjak and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-12-16 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comparative perspective on one of the most intriguing developments in law: the influence of basic rights and human rights in private law. It analyzes the application of basic rights and human rights, which are traditionally understood as public law rights, in private law, and discusses the related spillover effects and changing perspectives in legal doctrine and practice. It provides examples where basic rights and human rights influence judicial reasoning and lead to changes of legislation in contract law, tort law, property law, family law, and copyright law. Providing both context and background analysis for any critical examination of the horizontal effect of fundamental rights in private law, the book contributes to the current debate on an important issue that deserves the attention of legal practitioners, scholars, judges and others involved in the developments in a variety of the world’s jurisdictions. This book is based on the General Report and national reports commissioned by the International Academy of Comparative Law and written for the XIXth International Congress of Comparative Law in Vienna, Austria, in the summer of 2014.

Download or read book Our Commons written by Thomas de Groot and published by . This book was released on 2019-06-13 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our Commons: Political Ideas for a New Europe is a collection of essays, case studies and interviews that showcase the wealth of transformative ideas that the commons have to offer. Featuring reflections on the enclosure of knowledge and the monopolisation of the digital sphere, stories about renewable energy cooperatives and community foodwaste initiatives and urgent pleas to see the city as a commons and to treat health as a common good, this book is a political call to arms for all Europeans to embrace the commons and build a new Europe. Our Commons features contributions by David Bollier, Sheila R. Foster, Benjamin Coriat, Silke Helfrich, George Monbiot, Kate Raworth, Trebor Scholz and many others.

Download or read book Ecology Capitalism and the New Agricultural Economy written by Gilles Allaire and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-11-14 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With increasing pressure on resources, the looming spectre of climate change and growing anxiety among eaters, ecology and food are at the heart of the political debates surrounding agriculture and diet. This unique contribution unravels agri-environmental issues at different spatial levels, from local to global, documenting the major shifts in agriculture from a long-term perspective. The book begins by exploring the changes in the industrialisation and socialisation of agriculture over time, through the lens of institutional economics including The French Regulation School and Conventions Theory. Building on Polanyi’s ‘Great Transformation’, the chapters in this volume analyse long-term and contemporary changes in agriculture and food systems that have occurred throughout the last few centuries. Key chapters focus on the historical changes in provisioning and the social relations of production, consumption, and regulation of food in different socio-political contexts. The future of agriculture is addressed through an analysis of controversial contemporary political claims and their engagement with strategies that aim to improve the sustainability of agriculture and food consumption. To shed light on ongoing changes and the future of food, this book asks important environmental and social questions and analyses how industrial agriculture has played out in various contexts. It is recommended supplementary reading for postgraduates and researchers in agricultural studies, food studies, food policy, the agri-food political economy and political and economic geography.

Download or read book Les biens communs en pratique written by Bernard Stéphan and published by . This book was released on 2016-06-01 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: