Download or read book Removal of Siloxane and H2S from Biogas Using Microwave Energy written by Mark Rawson and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Pre and Postcombustion NOx Control for Biogas Engine with Microwave Energy written by Chang Yul Cha and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Removal of Hydrogen Sulfide from Biogas Using Cow manure Compost written by Steven McKinsey Zicari and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book 2012 Natural Gas Research Development and Demonstration Report written by Linda Schrupp and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Treatment of Biogas for Feeding High Temperature Fuel Cells written by Maria Turco and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-02-13 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reports on the most recent applications of processes with a particular focus on the source and the properties of biogas and on the characteristics of the fuel cells (FCs). It describes adsorbing materials of potential interest are reviewed and the preparation methods and treatments employed to improve the adsorption properties as well as the stability and regenerability. The characterization of the chemical and physical properties involved in these processes is examined in particular detail. The book also covers aspects that concern the development of the adsorption apparatus with particular attention on the target of low residual concentration and high selectivity.High temperature FCs, such as molten carbonates (MCFCs) or solid oxides (SOFCs), are efficient, with a low environmental impact, and they can use a wide variety of fuels, such as biogas. The presence of some poisonous compounds such as sulphides, halides, and siloxanes can react with electrode catalysts and electrolyte, leading to the degradation and short lifetime of the cell. The treatment of raw biogas to obtain a FC-compatible fuel is mainly based on adsorption processes on suitable materials.
Download or read book Experimental Study of H2S Removal from Biogas Using Impregnated Activated Carbon for Energy Recovery in CHP Technologies written by Laura Pérez Megías and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Within the framework of sustainable development, and ever-increasing energy costs, wastewater treatment operators focus on developing on-site energy production: the main approach today is via sewage biogas. In most cases, H2S removal is necessary to meet the requirements of the energy conversion equipment inlet requirements (for cogeneration motors around 300 – 500 ppm, but for fuel cells around 1ppm or below). Therefore to optimise the overall energy and economic balance, it is necessary to dispose of efficient and cost-effective biogas treatments, amongst which biological treatments have promising prospects for H2S removal. A biogas cleaning pilot plant was constructed in a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) (January 2009) in Spain and has been operated for several projects. The pilot plant treats 10 Nm3/h of biogas and is able to produce both electricity and heat in a high efficient way. The MCFC-CONTEX project (collaborative project under auspices of the European Commission and supported by the Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking, FCH-JU) is one of the few demonstration projects that studies biogas applications in Fuel Cells. The following project tried to review the state of the art of removal H2S technologies and summarized the experience gathered from the polishing stage of the MCFC-CONTEX project. The biogas treatment was designed to reach the inlet requirements of fuel cells. H2S was identified as the main biogas pollutant and it causes severe and rapid degradation of fuel cell stacks. Examples of industrial biogas treatment units coupled to fuel cells consisting of a main H2S removal stage followed by a final H2S polishing system proved to be successful, thus this was the strategy implemented in the MCFC-CONTEX project. A biotrickling filter was installed, followed by adsorption-based systems, which were chosen for biogas polishing, as they are the only technology that can reduce the concentration of contaminants to the stringent extent of fuel cell's specifications. Specially, an impregnated activated carbon as the polishing source was tested for H2S removal. The pilot plant was operated for 3 months. The biogas conditions were optimized to 2.5% of O2 content, a relative humidity of 90% and a residence time > 20 seconds. Under these conditions, the impregnated activated carbon showed a removal efficiency > 99.9% and an adsorption capacity of > 80% when the adsorbent started to saturate. Operational expenses were calculated at 0,5 – 1 c€/Nm3. To sum-up, this report shows the state-of-the-art of biogas treatment technologies and focuses on the polishing stage experimentation. Results show that H2S removal technologies are ready to decrease the pollutant concentration from biogas until the inlet requirements for Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Technologies.
Download or read book Advances in Biogas Desulfurization written by Martín Ramírez and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-05-12 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global concern about climate change caused by the exploitation of fossil fuels is encouraging the use of renewable energies. For instance, the European Union aims to be climate neutral by 2050. Biogas is an interesting renewable energy source due to its high calorific value. Today, biogas is mainly used for the production of electricity and heat by a combined heat and power engine. However, before its valorization, biogas needs to be desulfurized (H2S removal) to avoid corrosion and sulfur oxides emissions during its combustion. Biogas can be upgraded (CO2 removal) and used as vehicle fuel or injected into the natural gas grid. In the last 15 years, significant advances have occurred in the development of biological desulfurization processes. In this book with five chapters, the reader can find some of the latest advances in the biogas desulfurization and an overview of the state-of-the-art research. Three of them are research studies and two are reviews concerning the current state of biogas desulfurization technologies, economic analysis of alternatives, and the microbial ecology in biofiltration units. Biogas desulfurization is considered to be essential by many stakeholders (biogas producers, suppliers of biogas upgrading devices, gas traders, researchers, etc.) all around the world.
Download or read book Status of the Natural Gas Research Development and Demonstration Program for FY 2009 2010 Interim Report to the Public Utilities Commission written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Experimental Validation of Hydrogen Sulphide Removal from Biogas Using Biotrickling Process at Pilot Plant Level written by Cristian Mesa Garcia and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Within the framework of sustainable development, and ever-increasing energy costs, wastewater treatment operators focus on developing on-site energy production: the main approach today is via sewage biogas. In most cases, H2S removal is necessary to meet the requirements of the energy conversion equipment inlet requirements (for cogeneration motors around 300 – 500 ppm, but for fuel cells around 1ppm or below). Therefore to optimise the overall energy and economic balance, it is necessary to dispose of efficient and cost-effective biogas treatments, amongst which biological treatments have promising prospects for H2S removal. A biogas-powered SOFC pilot plant was constructed in a Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) (January 2009) in Spain and was operated until the end of the project (June 2012). The pilot plant treats 10 Nm3/h biogas and produces both electricity and heat in a high efficient way. The BIOCELL project (funded by the LIFE+ program of the European Commission, LIFE07 ENV/E/000847) is one of the few demonstration projects that studies biogas applications in SOFC. The following project tried to review the state of the art of removal H2S biological technologies and summarized the experience gathered from the biotrickling filter of the BIOCELL project. The biogas treatment was designed to reach the inlet requirements of the fuel cell. H2S was identified as the main biogas pollutant and it causes severe and rapid degradation of fuel cell stacks. Examples of industrial biogas treatment units coupled to fuel cells consisting of a main H2S removal stage followed by a final H2S polishing system proved to be successful, thus this was the strategy implemented in the BIOCELL project. In particular, a biotrickling filter was installed as it is one of the most interesting technologies for the main removal because of its low operating costs compared to other physical – chemical treatments. On the other hand, adsorption-based systems (iron oxides + biogas drying + activated carbon) were chosen for biogas polishing as they are the only technology which can reduce the concentration of contaminants to the stringent extent of fuel cell's specifications. The biotrickling filter was operated for more than 12 months. The operating conditions were optimized to temperature 30oC, pH 1.5 and residence time > 100 seconds. Over the long term and under these conditions, it showed a removal efficiency of 70% and an availability of 80% because of progressive filter clogging due to elemental sulphur accumulation. Operational expenses were calculated at 0,5 – 1 c€/Nm3. This report includes operational guidelines and recommendations for re-design. To sum-up, this report shows the conclusions of the biogas treatment technologies from BIOCELL project, which shows that are ready to meet fuel cell inlet requirements for long periods of time at a reduced cleaning cost.
Download or read book Biogas Purification written by Mary Elizabeth Fischer and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biogas, composed principally of methane, has limited use in energy generation due to the presence of hydrogen sulphide (H2S). Biogas cannot be burned directly in an engine as H2S present causes corrosion in the reaction chamber. There currently exist various technologies for the removal of H2S from a gas stream, but most are chemically based, expensive, and are limited in use. The purpose of this study was to determine a biogas purification technique suitable for a small scale farm application; including using a technology inexpensive, efficient, robust and easy to operate. As such, biofiltration was investigated for H2S removal from biogas. Factors considered in the design of the biofiltration system included the source and conditioning of inoculum, type of packing material, and general operating conditions including inlet gas flow rate and H2S loading rate to the biofilter. Activated sludge conditioned in A. ferrooxidans media was an effective inoculum source. This was tested for growth support compatibility with gravel packing material, to be used in the biofilter. The inoculated packing material was loaded into the biofilter initially during start-up and acclimatization. In this study, synthetic biogas (49.9%volCH4, 49.9%volCO2, 2000ppmv H2S) mixed with air (totalling 4%vol O2) was added at 5-10L/hr to a biofilter of 0.4L gravel packing inoculated with conditioned activated sludge. Baseline H2S removal studies in a non-inoculated biofilter were performed with anticipated operating conditions, including an inlet gas stream at 7.5L/h (25oC, 1atm), resulting in 31-56% H2S removal. A factorial test performed found that air content in the inlet gas stream was the significant factor affecting the removal of H2S in the non-inoculated biofilter. Operation of the biofilter with biogas was done for 61 days, including 41 days for start-up and acclimatization and 20 days of H2S loading tests. Start-up and acclimatization with biogas resulted in complete H2S removal after 2 days, with an average overall H2S removal of 98.1%±2.9 std deviation over 34 days. Loading tests performed on the system ranged 5-12.4L/h (25oC, 1atm), with a loading rate of 27.8 to 69.5gH2S/m3h of filter bed. Throughout this test the average H2S removal rate was 98.9%±2.1 std deviation over 20 days. Although complete H2S breakthrough studies were not performed, these results indicate that biofiltration is a promising technology for H2S removal from biogas in a small scale application.
Download or read book The Natural Gas Research Development and Demonstration Program written by Steve Williams and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Natural Gas Research Development and Demonstration Program written by Virginia Lew and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evaluation of the Efficiency of Biogas Treatment for the Removal of Siloxanes written by Jordi Raich and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Annual Report written by California Energy Commission. Public Interest Energy Research and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Anaerobic Biotechnology for Bioenergy Production written by Samir Kumar Khanal and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-11-18 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anaerobic biotechnology is a cost-effective and sustainable means of treating waste and wastewaters that couples treatment processes with the reclamation of useful by-products and renewable biofuels. This means of treating municipal, agricultural, and industrial wastes allows waste products to be converted to value-added products such as biofuels, biofertilizers, and other chemicals. Anaerobic Biotechnology for Bioenergy Production: Principles and Applications provides the reader with basic principles of anaerobic processes alongside practical uses of anaerobic biotechnology options. This book will be a valuable reference to any professional currently considering or working with anaerobic biotechnology options.
Download or read book Mixed Matrix Membranes written by Clara Casado-Coterillo and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-12-16 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) have attracted a large amount of interest in research laboratories worldwide in recent decades, motivated by the gap between a growing interest in developing novel mixed matrix membranes by various research groups and the lack of large-scale implementation. This Special Issue contains six publications dealing with the current opportunities and challenges of mixed matrix membranes development and applications to solve environmental and health challenges of the society of 21st century.
Download or read book Gas Separation Membranes written by Ahmad Fauzi Ismail and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-04-28 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the tremendous progress that has been made in the development of gas separation membranes based both on inorganic and polymeric materials. Materials discussed include polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs), metal organic frameworks (MOFs), carbon based materials, zeolites, as well as other materials, and mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) in which the above novel materials are incorporated. This broad survey of gas membranes covers material, theory, modeling, preparation, characterization (for example, by AFM, IR, XRD, ESR, Positron annihilation spectroscopy), tailoring of membranes, membrane module and system design, and applications. The book is concluded with some perspectives about the future direction of the field.
