Download or read book Remote Sensing of Phytoplankton in the Arctic Ocean written by Juan Li and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Au cours des dernières décennies, l'augmentation de la production primaire (PP) dans l'océan Arctique (AO) a en partie été associée à une augmentation de la biomasse phytoplanctonique, comme l'ont montré des études de télédétection. La concentration en chlorophylle a (Chl), un indicateur de la biomasse phytoplanctonique, est un facteur clé qui peut biaiser les estimations de la PP quand elle comporte des erreurs de mesure. En d'autres mots, une estimation précise de la Chl est cruciale pour améliorer notre connaissance de l'écosystème marin et de sa réponse au changement climatique en cours. Cependant, la télédétection de la couleur de l'océan dans l'océan Arctique présente plusieurs défis. Tout d'abord, il est bien connu que l'échec des algorithmes standards de la couleur de l'océan dans l'AO est dû à l'interférence des matières colorées et détritiques (CDM) dans le spectre visible, mais comment et dans quelle mesure cela va biaiser l'estimation de la Chl reste inconnu. En outre, la Chl étant un facteur clé utilisé pour estimer la PP, la propagation des erreurs des estimations de la Chl aux estimations de la PP doit être évaluée. Le dernier mais le plus important est qu'un algorithme robuste avec une incertitude raisonnable, en particulier pour les eaux côtières complexes et productives, n'est pas encore disponible. Pour résoudre ces problèmes, dans cette étude, nous avons d'abord compilé une grande base de données bio-optiques in situ dans l'Arctique, à partir de laquelle nous avons évalué de manière approfondie les algorithmes de couleur de l'océan actuellement disponibles du point de vue des impacts des CDM. Nous avons constaté que plus le niveau de CDM par rapport à la Chl dans la colonne d'eau était élevé, plus il biaisait les estimations de la Chl. L'analyse de sensibilité des estimations de la PP sur la Chl a montré que l'erreur des estimations de la Chl était amplifiée de 7% lorsqu'elle était passée dans l'estimation du PP en utilisant un modèle de PP résolu spectralement et verticalement. En outre, pour obtenir de meilleurs résultats, nous avons optimisé un algorithme semi-analytique (Garver-Siegel-Maritorena, GSM) pour l'AO en ajoutant la bande spectrale de 620 nm qui est moins affectée par le CDM et le signal ici est généralement élevé pour les eaux riches en CDM, devenant anisi important pour le GSM afin d'obtenir des estimates précises de la Chl. Notre algorithme ajusté, GSMA, n'a amélioré la précision que de 8% pour l'AO, mais l'amélioration pour les eaux côtières a atteint 93%. Enfin, étant donné que les algorithmes qui n'exploitent pour la plupart que les parties bleue et verte du spectre visible sont problématiques pour les eaux très absorbantes/obscures, nous avons introduit un modèle d'émission de fluorescence pour tenir compte des propriétés bio-optiques du phytoplancton dans la partie rouge du spectre visible. En se couplant avec le GSMA, le nouvel algorithme à spectre complet, FGSM, a encore amélioré la précision des estimations de la Chl de ~44% pour les eaux eutrophes. À l'avenir, des couplages sont nécessaires à des fins de validation en ce qui concerne l'application satellitaire. De plus, de nouvelles approches pouvant être appliquées pour détecter le maximum de chlorophylle sous la surface (SCM), les efflorescences en bordure de glace et/ou sous la glace, les types fonctionnels de phytoplancton (PFT), sont attendues.

Download or read book Quantifying Net Primary Production in a Changing Arctic Ocean written by Katelyn Marie Lewis and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Situated at the northernmost region of the planet, the Arctic Ocean (AO), the smallest of the world's oceans, supports a rich, but vulnerable, ecosystem. Despite seemingly inhospitable conditions, the extreme seasonal pulses of primary production by phytoplankton in the AO fuel an abundant food-web composed of both endemic and migratory higher trophic level organisms. Alas, the Arctic is warming at approximately twice the global rate in response to anthropogenic climate change and the rising temperatures in this region have already triggered profound ecological changes. In the oceans, disappearing sea ice has shifted the phytoplankton growing season earlier in the year and led to a significant increase in net primary production (NPP). In order to understand the multi-layered effects of AO biogeochemistry and ecology as the climate continues to warm, it is imperative to accurately monitor changes in the magnitude and timing of NPP. Because of the harsh conditions that make the region both difficult and expensive to access for most of the year, field measurements in the AO are relatively limited. Luckily, satellite remote sensing can supplement limited in situ measurements by imaging the ocean surface from space. However, because of the unique oceanic optical conditions and phytoplankton photophysiology, global ocean color algorithms fail to accurately estimate Chl a when applied to the AO. Hence, this dissertation work utilizes in situ bio-optical measurements to inform accurate parameterization of ocean color algorithms which are then applied to assess long term changes of AO NPP. To understand the phytoplankton photophysiological responses to environmental changes as the Arctic Ocean shifts seasonally from ice-covered to open water, we evaluated photoacclimation strategies of phytoplankton during the low-light, high-nutrient, ice-covered spring and the high-light, low-nutrient, ice-free summer (Chapter 2). Field results show that phytoplankton effectively acclimated to reduced irradiance beneath the sea ice and that abundant nutrients enable pre-bloom phytoplankton to become "primed" for increases in irradiance. I used these bio-optical measurements to characterize regional and seasonal patterns in phytoplankton photophysiology and optical conditions to examine the impact on ocean color remote sensing in the Chukchi Sea (Chapter 1) and the AO (Chapter 3). Results show that phytoplankton pigment packaging (an acclimation to low light) and high absorption by colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM), especially on the interior shelves, cause default ocean color ocean algorithms to overestimate chlorophyll a (Chl a) at low phytoplankton biomass, but underestimate at high biomass throughout the AO. By assembling the largest database of in situ measurements for these waters, I successfully parameterized multiple ocean color algorithms to optimize retrievals of Chl a, absorption by CDOM and detritus, and backscattering of particles. Using the new ocean color algorithm parameterized for the Arctic Ocean, we show that primary production increased by 57% between 1998 and 2018 (Chapter 4). Surprisingly, while increases were due to widespread sea ice loss during the first decade, the subsequent rise in primary production was driven primarily by increased phytoplankton concentration, which could only be sustained by an influx of new nutrients. This suggests a future Arctic Ocean that, as long as there are enough nutrients, can support higher trophic-level production and additional carbon export. Together, the results of this dissertation demonstrate that the unique bio-optical properties of the AO must be addressed in order to accurately employ satellite remote sensing and, when doing so, we reveal dramatic ecosystem changes in response to anthropogenic climate change.

Download or read book Real time Coastal Observing Systems for Marine Ecosystem Dynamics and Harmful Algal Blooms written by Babin, Marcel and published by UNESCO. This book was released on 2008-06-05 with total page 880 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The proliferation of harmful phytoplankton in marine ecosystems can cause massive fish kills, contaminate seafood with toxins, impact local and regional economies and dramatically affect ecological balance. Real-time observations are essential for effective short-term operational forecasting, but observation and modelling systems are still being developed. This volume provides guidance for developing real-time and near real-time sensing systems for observing and predicting plankton dynamics, including harmful algal blooms, in coastal waters. The underlying theory is explained and current trends in research and monitoring are discussed.Topics covered include: coastal ecosystems and dynamics of harmful algal blooms; theory and practical applications of in situ and remotely sensed optical detection of microalgal distributions and composition; theory and practical applications of in situ biological and chemical sensors for targeted species and toxin detection; integrated observing systems and platforms for detection; diagnostic and predictive modelling of ecosystems and harmful algal blooms, including data assimilation techniques; observational needs for the public and government; and future directions for research and operations.

Download or read book Polar Oceans from Space written by Josefino Comiso and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-03-24 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Only a few centuries ago, we knew very little about our planet Earth. The Earth was considered flat by many although it was postulated by a few like Aristotle that it is spherical based on observations that included the study of lunar eclipses. Much later, Christopher Columbus successfully sailed to the West to discover the New World and Ferdinand Magellan’s ship circumnavigated the globe to prove once and for all that the Earth is indeed a sphere. Worldwide navigation and explorations that followed made it clear that the Earth is huge and rather impossible to study solely by foot or by water. The advent of air travel made it a lot easier to do exploratory studies and enabled the mapping of the boundaries of continents and the oceans. But aircraft coverage was limited and it was not until the satellite era that full c- erage of the Earth’s surface became available. Many of the early satellites were research satellites and that meant in part the development of engineering measurement systems with no definite applications in mind. The Nimbus-5 Electrically Scanning Microwave Radiometer (ESMR) was a classic case in point. The sensor was built with the idea that it may be useful for meteorological research and especially rainfall studies over the oceans, but success in this area of study was very limited.

Download or read book Exploring the Marine Ecology from Space written by Dmitry V. Pozdnyakov and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-06-10 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides results of spatial and temporal distributions of water quality parameters and marine primary production and its relationship with the driving atmospheric, ocean circulation and hydrobiological mechanisms established through a synergistic use of multi-spectral region spaceborne data and results of numerical model simulations of marine in-water and atmospheric processes related to the marine ecosystem. The changes in the studied marine/oceanic environments are analysed in light of recent climate change that imposes its influence through a set of forward and feedback interactions and forcing.

Download or read book Estimating Phytoplankton Pigments in the Changing Arctic Ocean written by Yangyang Liu and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human-induced climate change is amplified in the Arctic. At the root of these amplifications are changes in air temperature and sea ice. The sea-ice cover is dramatically receding in the Arctic Ocean. In the study region of the thesis, the Fram Strait (the largest and only deep gateway to the Arctic Ocean) and its vicinity, changes have been observed in sea-ice conditions and water temperatures due to Arctic warming. This has consequences for phytoplankton. Phytoplankton are one of the main primary producers in the Arctic Ocean. Arctic warming induced alterations in light and nutrient regimes impact phytoplankton seasonality, biomass, community composition and distribution. Phytoplankton biomass and community composition are often indicated by their pigment composition and concentrations. To study the response of phytoplankton to the changing climate, this thesis aims to estimate phytoplankton pigments using observations from the shipboard underway flow-through AC-S spectrophotometer system and the Regulated Ecosystem model version 2 (REcoM2) (Hohn, 2008; Schartau et al., 2007) implemented with phytoplankton growth and photoinhibition models. In the first part of the thesis, an underway flow-through AC-S system was set up onboard R.V. Polarstern during two Fram Strait cruises, PS93.2 and PS99.2. Hyperspectral particulate absorption coefficient was derived from the underway AC-S measurements. Particulate absorption line height at 676 nm calculated from particulate absorption coefficient was empirically related to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentrations for PS93.2 and PS99.2, respectively. Both relationships were applied to high frequency (4 Hz) AC-S data to estimate Chl a concentrations along the cruise tracks. In total, 24424 and 16110 Chl a data points were generated for PS93.2 and PS99.2, respectively. The reconstructed AC-S Chl a data sets were used to evaluate seven satellite Chl a algorithms. The number of AC-S-satellite match-ups is over one order of magnitude greater than HPLC-satellite match-ups. AC-S-satellite match-ups show that all algorithms were characterized by an overestimation of satellite Chl a. Two algorithms based on Polymer atmospheric correction processors (Steinmetz et al., 2011) generated data products with relatively high estimation precision and small error. The Polymer atmospheric correction processors account for sun glint and thin clouds in their reflectance models to derive atmospheric corrected remote sensing reflectance, allowing a much larger spatial coverage of data than using standard atmospheric correction processors. In the Arctic Ocean where operational satellite ocean color data have relatively low space-time resolution, Polymer algorithms are promising candidates in enlarging satellite ocean color data sets, e.g., for Sentinel-3/OLCI satellite sensor, given more validation activities are performed in the future. In the second part of the thesis, the underway flow-through AC-S system was set up onboard R.V. Polarstern during the Fram Strait cruise PS107, in addition to PS93.2 and PS99.2. AC-S derived hyperspectral particulate absorption coefficient were matched with HPLC pigments data. In total, 298 match-ups were used as the pigment retrieval data set. Two pigment retrieval algorithms, Gaussian decomposition (Chase et al., 2013) and the singular value decomposition combined with non-negative least squares (SVD-NNLS) inversion method (Moisan et al., 2011) were compared and optimized for estimating various phytoplankton pigments or pigment groups from the particulate absorption coefficient data. The Gaussian decomposition method provides good estimates (median absolute percentage error, MPE 21-34%) of Chl a, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll c1 and c2, photosynthetic carotenoids and photoprotective carotenoids (PPC). This method outperformed the SVD-NNLS method in retrieving chlorophyll b, chlorophyll c1 and c2, photosynthetic carotenoids, and PPC. However, SVD-NNLS enables robust retrievals of specific carotenoids (MPE 37-65%), i.e., fucoxanthin, diadinoxanthin and 19-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin, which is currently not accomplished by Gaussian decomposition. More robust predictions are obtained using the Gaussian decomposition method when the observed spectral phytoplankton absorption coefficient is normalized by the package effect index at 675 nm. The latter is determined as a function of ”packaged” phytoplankton absorption coefficient at 675 nm and Chl a concentrations, which shows potential for improving pigment retrieval accuracy by the combined use of phytoplankton absorption coefficient and Chl a data. Both approaches provide useful information on pigment distribution, and hence phytoplankton community composition indicators, at a spatial resolution much finer than can be achieved with discrete HPLC samples. Xanthophyll pigments provide one of the most important photoprotective mechanisms to dissipate the excess light energy and prevent photoinhibition. In the third part of the thesis, phytoplankton growth models of Geider et al. (1998), the Geider model, and Marshall et al. (2000), the Marshall model, were implemented into REcoM2 to predict the photoprotective needs of phytoplankton and their attributions from phytoplankton PPC, physiological state, and community composition. Assume that photoinhibition is negligible in phytoplankton communities acclimated to ambient light (Cullen et al., 1992). The difference between the photosynthesis-irradiance (P-E) curves with (Marshall) and without photoinhibition (Geider) is considered a measure of photoprotective needs in order to minimize such photoinhibition. The degree of phytoplankton photoprotection is represented by the difference of the initial slopes of the P-E curves between the Marshall and Geider models. It was then related to the HPLC PPC/Chl a data, producing a 4-D global map of PPC/Chl a estimates. These estimates were in agreement with field observations in most of the surface ocean, at depth and even across seasons, suggesting the role of PPC in photoprotective activities in the global ocean. However, at higher latitudes, discrepancies between predictions and observations suggested PPC content was insufficient to satisfy phytoplankton protective needs the community and thus other mechanisms of nonphotochemical quenching were relevant. Furthermore, at higher latitudes, changes in PPC content can result from both physiological acclimation and shifts in community composition while in the rest of ocean taxonomic changes played a main role. A comprehensive view of the phytoplankton community pigment signature is crucial for modeling the coupling of light absorption to carbon fixation in the ocean. Future validation of the above model can use the combined HPLC observations and pigment estimates from underway flow-through AC-S system. Furthermore, this work provides insights on how much of the variability in community PPC ratios is attributable to changes in community composition or changes in physiological state. This may allow an improvement of the match between satellite ocean color data and the underlying phytoplankton community. In addition, these insights may contribute to a better understanding of the effect of phytoplankton photoacclimation on the accuracy of satellite ocean color products in the Arctic Ocean.

Download or read book Remote Sensing of the Changing Oceans written by DanLing Tang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-03-24 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Remote Sensing of the Changing Oceans is a comprehensive account of the basic concepts, theories, methods and applications used in ocean satellite remote sensing. The book provides a synthesis of various new ideas and theories and discusses a series of key research topics in oceanic manifestation of global changes as viewed from space. A variety of research methods used in the analysis and modeling of global changes are introduced in detail along with numerous examples from around the world’s oceans. The authors review the changing oceans at different levels, including Global and Regional Observations, Natural Hazards, Coastal Environment and related scientific issues, all from the unique perspective of Satellite Observation Systems. Thus, the book not only introduces the basics of the changing oceans, but also new developments in satellite remote sensing technology and international cooperation in this emerging field. Danling Tang (Lingzis) received her Ph.D from Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. She conducted research and teaching in Hong Kong, USA, Japan, and South Korea for more than 10 years; in 2004, she received “100 Talents Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences” and returned to China. She was a professor of Fudan University, and now is a Leading Professor of “Remote Sensing of Marine Ecology and Environment” at the South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Dr. Tang has been working on satellite remote sensing of marine ecology and environment; her major research interests include ocean dynamics of phytoplankton bloom, global environmental changes, and natural hazards. Dr. Tang has organized several international conferences, workshops, and training, she also services as member of organizing committee for several international scientific organizations; she was the Chairman of the 9th Pan Ocean Remote Sensing Conference (PORSEC 2008), and currently is the President-elect of PORSEC Association.

Download or read book Phytoplankton Pigments written by Suzanne Roy and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-10-27 with total page 891 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pigments act as tracers to elucidate the fate of phytoplankton in the world's oceans and are often associated with important biogeochemical cycles related to carbon dynamics in the oceans. They are increasingly used in in situ and remote-sensing applications, detecting algal biomass and major taxa through changes in water colour. This book is a follow-up to the 1997 volume Phytoplankton Pigments in Oceanography (UNESCO Press). Since then, there have been many advances concerning phytoplankton pigments. This book includes recent discoveries on several new algal classes particularly for the picoplankton, and on new pigments. It also includes many advances in methodologies, including liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and developments and updates on the mathematical methods used to exploit pigment information and extract the composition of phytoplankton communities. The book is invaluable primarily as a reference for students, researchers and professionals in aquatic science, biogeochemistry and remote sensing.

Download or read book The Impact of Melting Ice on the Ecosystems in Greenland Sea written by Bo Qu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-09 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Arctic marine ecosystems are largely impacted by changes associated with global warming. The sea ice in Greenland Sea plays an important role in regional and global climate system. The book investigate the relationships between phytoplankton biomass, measured using remotely sensed chlorophyll-a (CHL), aerosol optical depth (AOD) and sea-ice cover (ICE) in the Greenland Sea (20°W-10°E, 65-85°N) over the period 2003-2012. First hand Satellite data was used to do correlation analysis. Enhanced statistics methods, such as lag regression method and cointegration analysis method are used for correlation and regression analysis between 2 variables (up to 3 variables). ARMA model was used to prediction time series in the future 3 years. The book not only gives outline of ecosystem in Greenland Sea, how the ice impact to the local ecosystems, but also provides valuable statistical methods on analysis correlations and predicting the future ecosystems.

Download or read book Evaluating the Frequency Magnitude and Biogeochemical Consequences of Under ice Phytoplankton Blooms written by Courtney Michelle Payne and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Arctic Ocean has changed substantially because of climate change. The loss of sea ice extent and thickness has increased light availability in the surface ocean during the ice-covered portion of the year. Sea ice loss has also been a factor in the observed increases in sea surface temperatures and likely impacts surface ocean nutrient inventories. These changing environmental conditions have substantially altered patterns of phytoplankton net primary production (NPP) across the Arctic Ocean. While NPP in the Arctic Ocean was previously considered insubstantial until the time of sea ice breakup and retreat, the observation of massive under-ice (UI) phytoplankton blooms in many of the Arctic seas reveals that the largest pulse of NPP may be produced prior to sea ice retreat. However, estimating how much NPP is generated during the UI part of the year is challenging, as satellite observations are hampered by sea ice cover and very few field campaigns have targeted UI blooms for study. This thesis uses a combination of laboratory experiments, biogeochemical modeling, and an analysis of satellite remote sensing data to better understand how the magnitude and spatial frequency of UI phytoplankton blooms has changed over time in the Arctic Ocean, as well as to assess the likely biogeochemical consequences of these blooms. In Chapter 2, I present a one-dimensional ecosystem model (CAOS-GO), which I used to evaluate the magnitude of UI phytoplankton blooms in the northern Chukchi Sea (72°N) between 1988 and 2018. UI blooms were produced in all but four years over that period, accounted for half of total annual NPP, and were the primary drivers of interannual variability in NPP. Further, I found that years with large UI blooms had reduced rates of zooplankton grazing, leading to an intensification of the mismatch between phytoplankton and zooplankton populations. In Chapter 3, I used the same model configuration to investigate the role of UI bloom variability in controlling sedimentary processes in the northern Chukchi Sea. I found that, as total annual NPP increased from 1988 to 2018, there were increases in particle export to the benthos, nitrification in the water column and the sediments, and sedimentary denitrification. These increases in particle export to the benthos and denitrification were driven by higher rates of NPP early in the year (January-June) and were highest in years where under-ice blooms dominate, indicating the importance of UI NPP as drivers of these biogeochemical consequences. Additionally, I tested the system's sensitivity to added N, finding that, if N supply in the region increased, 30\% of the added N would subsequently be lost to denitrification. I subsequently deployed this model in the southern Chukchi Sea (68°N) to understand latitudinal differences in UI bloom importance across the region (Chapter 4). I found that UI blooms were far less important contributors to total NPP in the southern Chukchi Sea. Further, I found that their importance was waning over time; NPP generated in the UI period from 2013-2018 was only 34\% of the 1988-1993 mean. This lower rate of UI NPP was driven by a far shorter UI period as sea ice retreated nearly six weeks earlier than in the northern Chukchi Sea. However, low UI NPP was associated with higher rates of both total NPP and sedimentary denitrification in the southern Chukchi Sea than in the north. In Chapter 5, I used satellite remote sensing to determine how UI bloom frequency changed across the Arctic between 2003 and 2021. I found that UI blooms are a widespread feature and can be generated across 40\% of the observable seasonal sea ice zone in the Arctic Ocean. While there was an increase in observable area as sea ice retreated, there was no change in UI area, driving a nearly 10\% decline in the proportion of UI bloom prevalence. The Chukchi Sea was identified as both the region with the highest prevalence of UI blooms and the region most responsible for the decline in UI blooms. Finally, to understand the functional relationship between co-limiting light and nutrient conditions on phytoplankton growth, I conducted a laboratory experiment (Chapter 6). Phytoplankton growth under co-limiting conditions, which is frequently observed in the field, is often modeled using one of two functional relationships, but these relationships produce vastly different predictions of phytoplankton bloom magnitude. Although this laboratory experiment aimed to quantify the functional relationship of light and nutrient limitation on phytoplankton growth, I faced challenges in quantifying the nitrogen (N) concentration and was unable to meaningfully distinguish between these two functional relationships. However, this work also demonstrated that there is little difference between these functional relationships in areas like the Arctic Ocean, where nutrient concentrations can be rapidly depleted, diminishing from non-limiting to scarce over just a few days. Together, the results of this dissertation suggest that UI phytoplankton blooms can substantially contribute to total NPP, drive reductions in food availability, and change the rate of nitrogen loss. However, this work also demonstrates that UI blooms, which have likely been an important source of NPP across the Arctic since at least the 1980s, are likely an ephemeral feature, with their prevalence likely to decline in coming years as sea ice retreat shifts earlier.

Download or read book Application of Remote Sensing in Coastal Oceanic Processes written by Lei Ren and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-06-05 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Remote sensing technology is a key technology and an important tool to help realize the sustainable development of marine resources and the environment. Remote sensing is playing an increasing role in global change research, resource investigation, environmental monitoring and prediction. In the process of maintaining the sustainable development of marine resources and the environment, remote sensing technology will not only greatly promote the development of information science and technology, space science and technology, environmental science and technology and earth science, but also further promote the intersection and integration of different disciplines. Ocean remote sensing technology provides a robust platform for the acquisition of marine basic data and plays a major role in issues such as the construction of new ports, the opening of new channels, offshore oil exploitation and coastal ecological governance and protection.

Download or read book Polar Oceanography written by Walker O. Smith and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1990-06-28 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of papers on the oceanography of the Arctic and Antarctic Oceans includes chemical oceanography, polar phytoplankton and zooplankton, marine ecosystems, the polar benthos, sedimentation, meteorology, sea ice, remote sensing, mesoscale phenomena, small-scale processes and the application of models to polar oceanography.

Download or read book Remote Sensing of the Asian Seas written by Vittorio Barale and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-09-07 with total page 573 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A wide variety of marginal basins, ranging from polar to equatorial regions, and a few sizeable enclosed basins, can all be included among the Asian Seas. The Arctic Ocean shelf seas off Siberia; the sheltered basins along the Pacific Ocean’s western rim; the coastal seas of the northernmost Indian Ocean, including the semi-enclosed Red Sea and Persian Gulf; the Caspian Sea, the remnants of the Aral Sea and a score of brackish or freshwater lakes, such as Lake Balkhash and Lake Baykal; all exhibit a multiplicity of environmental features and processes. Understanding the peculiarities of such a large and varied collection of marine and coastal types requires integrated observation systems, among which orbital remote sensing must play an essential role. This volume reviews the current potential of Earth Observations in assessing the many Asian seascapes, using both passive and active techniques in diverse spectral regions, such as measuring reflected visible and near-infrared sunlight and surface emissions in the thermal infrared and microwave range, or surface reflection of transmitted radar pulses in the microwave range. An in-depth evaluation of the available spectral regions and observation techniques, as well as of novel multi-technique methods, ensures that suitable tools are indeed accessible for exploring and managing the wealth of resources that the Asian Seas have to offer.

Download or read book Proceedings for the Twenty seventh International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 888 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Proceedings for the International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment the Symposium of the Canadian Remote Sensing Society written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 896 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Influence of Climate Change on the Changing Arctic and Sub Arctic Conditions written by Jacques Nihoul and published by Springer. This book was released on 2009-01-25 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current warming trends in the Arctic may shove the Arctic system into a seasonally ice-free state not seen for more than one million years. The melting is accelerating, and researchers were unable to identify natural processes that might slow the deicing of the Arctic. Such substantial additional melting of Arctic and Antarctic glaciers and ice sheets would raise the sea level worldwide, flooding the coastal areas where many of the world's population lives. Studies, led by scientists at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) and the University of Arizona, show that greenhouse gas increases over the next century could warm the Arctic by 3-5°C in summertime. Thus, Arctic summers by 2100 may be as warm as they were nearly 130,000 years ago, when sea levels eventually rose up to 6 m higher than today.

Download or read book Sea Ice Bridging Spatial Temporal Scales and Disciplines written by Hauke Flores and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-06-25 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.