Download or read book Remediation of Chlorinated Organic Contaminants in Fractured Aquifers Using Zero valent Metal written by C. Merly and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Remediation of Chlorinated Organic Contaminants in Fractured Aquifiers Using Zero valent Metal written by Great Britain. Environment Agency and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Transport and Transformations of Chlorinated solvent Contamination in a Saprolite and Fractured Rock Aquifer Near a Former Wastewater treatment Plant Greenville South Carolina written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chlorinated Solvent Source Zone Remediation written by Bernard H. Kueper and published by Springer Science & Business. This book was released on 2014-04-22 with total page 759 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this book is to help engineers and scientists better understand dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) contamination of groundwater and the methods and technology used for characterization and remediation. Remediation of DNAPL source zones is very difficult and controversial and must be based on state-of-the-art knowledge of the behavior (transport and fate) of nonaqueous phase liquids in the subsurface and site specific geology, chemistry and hydrology. This volume is focused on the characterization and remediation of nonaqueous phase chlorinated solvents and it is hoped that mid-level engineers and scientists will find this book helpful in understanding the current state-of-practice of DNAPL source zone management and remediation.
Download or read book The Destructive Removal of Chlorinated Organic Compounds from Water Using Zero valent Metals Or Hydrogen and Supported Palladium written by Cindy Gail Schreier and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book In Situ Chemical Oxidation for Groundwater Remediation written by Robert L. Siegrist and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-02-25 with total page 715 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides comprehensive up-to-date descriptions of the principles and practices of in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) for groundwater remediation based on a decade of intensive research, development, and demonstrations, and lessons learned from commercial field applications.
Download or read book In Situ Remediation of Chlorinated Solvent Plumes written by Hans F. Stroo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-10 with total page 807 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the late 1970s and early 1980s, our nation began to grapple with the legacy of past disposal practices for toxic chemicals. With the passage in 1980 of the Comprehensive Envir- mental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), commonly known as Sup- fund, it became the law of the land to remediate these sites. The U. S. Department of Defense (DoD), the nation’s largest industrial organization, also recognized that it too had a legacy of contaminated sites. Historic operations at Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps facilities, ranges, manufacturing sites, shipyards, and depots had resulted in widespread contamination of soil, groundwater, and sediment. While Superfund began in 1980 to focus on remediation of heavily contaminated sites largely abandoned or neglected by the private sector, the DoD had already initiated its Installation Restoration Program in the mid-1970s. In 1984, the DoD began the Defense Environmental Restoration Program (DERP) for contaminated site assessment and remediation. Two years later, the U. S. Congress codified the DERP and directed the Secretary of Defense to carry out a concurrent program of research, development, and demonstration of innovative remediation technologies. As chronicled in the 1994 National Research Council report, “Ranking Hazardous-Waste Sites for Remedial Action,” our early estimates on the cost and suitability of existing techn- ogies for cleaning up contaminated sites were wildly optimistic. Original estimates, in 1980, projected an average Superfund cleanup cost of a mere $3.
Download or read book Treatment of Chlorinated Aliphatic Contamination of Groundwater by Horizontal Recirculation Wells and by Constructed Vertical Flow Wetlands written by Michael L. Shelley and published by . This book was released on 2002-03-01 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work explores two innovative technologies for the remediation of chlorinated ethene solvents contaminating groundwater: (1) groundwater circulation wells (GCWs) with downwell zero-valent metal reductive dechlorination reactors, and (2) constructed vertical subsurface flow wetlands. Both the natural dechlorination in wetland sediments, and the engineered dechlorination in a well using zero-valent metals have major implications for the treatment of Air Force pollutants, with the potential to save millions of dollars annually in long term remediation at hundreds of sites across the Air Force. Complementary modeling and column studies examined the potential for controlling and treating groundwater contamination using groundwater circulation wells (GCWs) with downwell zero-valent metal reductive dechlorination reactors. The construction of the field scale wetland research facility includes two complete wetland cells (140 x 60 feet each), fully contained. Chemical analysis of samples drawn from the various depths of wetland sediment suggests a very heterogeneous development of microbial activity relevant to reductive dechlorination over the course of one year of operation. Concentration contours of PCE, TCE, and nitrate suggest that reductive dechlorination is taking place when more readily reducible electron acceptors (like nitrate) are depleted. PCE is reduced ten-fold from inflow to outflow, even with significant short- circuiting of flow from the bottom sediments to the outflow. Data suggests 100- fold treatment is possible.
Download or read book Treatment of Chlorinated Aliphatic Contamination of Groundwater by Horizontal Recirculation Wells and by Constructed Vertical Flow Wetlands written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work explores two innovative technologies for the remediation of chlorinated ethene solvents contaminating groundwater: (1) groundwater circulation wells (GCWs) with downwell zero-valent metal reductive dechlorination reactors, and (2) constructed vertical subsurface flow wetlands. Both the natural dechlorination in wetland sediments, and the engineered dechlorination in a well using zero-valent metals have major implications for the treatment of Air Force pollutants, with the potential to save millions of dollars annually in long term remediation at hundreds of sites across the Air Force. Complementary modeling and column studies examined the potential for controlling and treating groundwater contamination using groundwater circulation wells (GCWs) with downwell zero-valent metal reductive dechlorination reactors. The construction of the field scale wetland research facility includes two complete wetland cells (140 x 60 feet each), fully contained. Chemical analysis of samples drawn from the various depths of wetland sediment suggests a very heterogeneous development of microbial activity relevant to reductive dechlorination over the course of one year of operation. Concentration contours of PCE, TCE, and nitrate suggest that reductive dechlorination is taking place when more readily reducible electron acceptors (like nitrate) are depleted. PCE is reduced ten-fold from inflow to outflow, even with significant short-circuiting of flow from the bottom sediments to the outflow. Data suggests 100-fold treatment is possible.
Download or read book Fundamental Studies of the Removal of Contaminants from Ground and Waste Waters Via Reduction by Zero valent Metals Annual Progress Report September 1 1996 August 31 1997 written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contaminated groundwater is a problem throughout the US and the world. In many instances the tvpes of contamination can be directly attributed to man''s actions. For instance, the burial of wastes, casual disposal of solvents in unlined pits, and the development of irrigated agriculture have all contributed to groundwater contamination. The kinds of contaminants include chlorinated solvents and toxic trace elements that are soluble and mobile in soils and aquifers. Oxyanions of selenium. chromium. uranium. arsenic. and chlorine (as perchlorate) are frequently found as contaminants on many DOE sites. In addition. the careless disposal of cleaning solvents. such as carbon tetrachloride and trichloroethylene. has further contaminated many groundwaters at these sites. In agricultural areas of the western US, shallow groundwaters have become contaminated with high levels of selenate, chromate, and uranyl. The management of these waters requires treatment to remove the contaminants before reuse or surface water disposal. In one instance in the Central Valley of California. the discharge of selenate-contaminated shallow groundwater to a wildlife refuge caused catastrophic bird deaths and deformities of embryos. At sites where solid-propellant rocket motors were tested or disposed of, high concentrations of perchlorate and trichloroethylene are being found in the groundwater. A potential remediation method for many of these oxyanions and chlorinated-solvents is to react the contaminated water with zero-valent iron. In this reaction, the iron serves as both an electron source and as a catalyst. Elemental iron is already being used, on an experimental basis, for the reductive dechlorination of solvents and the removal of toxic trace elements. Both in situ reactive barriers and above-ground reactors are being developed for this purpose. However, the design and operation of these treatment systems requires a detailed process-level understanding of the interactions between the contaminants and the iron surfaces. Only limited success has been achieved in the field, partly because the basic surface chemical reactions are not well understood. The authors are performing fundamental investigations of the interactions of the relevant chlorinated solvents, trace elements, and trace element-containing compounds with single- and poly-crystalline Fe surfaces. The aim of this work is to develop the fundamental physical and chemical understanding that is necessary for the development of cleanup techniques and procedures. The authors are perforrming both bulk chemical measurements of the reduction reactions and surface science studies of model chemical systems. During this first year of funding, the authors have already made significant progress in both areas. Initially, they have focused primarily on the reduction of selenate by elemental iron. They have also performed some work with chromate, perchlorate, uranyl, and carbon tetrachloride, as well. In the following sections, some of the progress is described.
Download or read book Evaluation of demonstrated and emerging technologies for the treatment of contaminated land and groundwater phase III 1998 special sessiontreatment walls and permeable reactive barriers written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1998 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fundamental Studies of the Removal of Contaminants from Ground and Waste Waters Via Reduction by Zero Valent Metals written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contaminated groundwater and surface waters are a problem throughout the United States and the world. In many instances, the types of contamination can be directly attributed to man's actions. For instance, the burial of chemical wastes, casual disposal of solvents in unlined pits, and the development of irrigated agriculture have all contributed to groundwater and surface water contamination. The kinds of contaminants include chlorinated solvents and toxic trace elements (including radioisotopes) that are soluble and mobile in soils and aquifers. Oxyanions of uranium, selenium, chromium, arsenic, technetium, and chlorine (as perchlorate) are frequently found as contaminants on many DOE sites. Uranium is a particularly widespread contaminant at most DOE sites including Oak Ridge, Rocky Flats, Hanford, Idaho (INEEL), and Fernald. The uranium contamination is associated with mining and milling of uranium ore (UMTRA sites), isotope separation and enrichment, and mixed waste and TRU waste burial. In addition, the careless disposal of halogenated solvents, such as carbon tetrachloride and trichloroethylene, has further contaminated many groundwaters at these sites. A potential remediation method for many of these oxyanions and chlorinated-solvents is to react the contaminated water with zero-valent iron. In this reaction, the iron serves as both an electron source and as a catalyst. Elemental iron is already being used on an experimental basis at many DOE sites. Both in situ reactive barriers and above-ground reactors are being developed for this purpose. However, the design and operation of these treatment systems requires a detailed process-level understanding of the interactions between the contaminants and the iron surfaces. We are performing fundamental investigations of the interactions of the relevant chlorinated solvents and trace element-containing compounds with single- and poly-crystalline Fe surfaces. The aim of this work is to develop th e fundamental physical and chemical understanding that is necessary for the development of cleanup techniques and procedures.
Download or read book Fundamental Studies of the Removal of Contaminants from Ground and Waste Waters Via Reduction by Zero valent Metals 1998 Annual Progress Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contaminated groundwater and surface waters are a problem throughout the US and the world. In many instances, the types of contamination can be directly attributed to man''s actions. For instance, the burial of wastes, casual disposal of solvents in unlined pits, and the development of irrigated agriculture have all contributed to groundwater and surface water contamination. The kinds of contaminants include chlorinated solvents and toxic trace elements that are soluble and mobile in soils and aquifers. Oxyanions of selenium, chromium, uranium, arsenic, and chlorine (as perchlorate) are frequently found as contaminants on many DOE sites. In addition, the careless disposal of cleaning solvents, such as carbon tetrachloride and trichloroethylene, has further contaminated many groundwaters at these sites. Oxyanions of selenium, nitrogen, arsenic, vanadium, uranium, chromium, and molybdenum are contaminants in agricultural areas of the Western US. The management of these waters requires treatment to remove the contaminants before reuse or surface water disposal. In one instance in the Central Valley of California, the discharge of selenate-contaminated shallow groundwater to a wildlife refuge caused catastrophic bird deaths and deformities of embryos. A potential remediation method for many of these oxyanions and chlorinated-solvents is to react the contaminated water with zero-valent iron. In this reaction, the iron serves as both an electron source and as a catalyst. Elemental iron is already being used on an experimental basis. Both in-situ reactive barriers and above-ground reactors are being developed for this purpose. However, the design and operation of these treatment systems requires a detailed process-level understanding of the interactions between the contaminants and the iron surfaces. Only limited success has been achieved in the field, partly because the basic surface chemical reactions are not well understood. The authors are performing fundamental investigations of the interactions of the relevant chlorinated solvents, and trace element-containing compounds with single- and poly-crystalline Fe surfaces. The aim of this work is to develop the fundamental physical and chemical understanding that is necessary for the development of cleanup techniques and procedures. As of May 1998, they have performed both bulk chemical measurements of the reduction reactions and surface science studies of model chemical systems. During these first two years of funding, the authors have made significant progress in both areas. Initially, they focused primarily on the reduction of selenate by elemental iron. They also performed some work with chromate, perchlorate, uranyl, and carbon tetrachloride. In the following sections some of the progress is described.
Download or read book Groundwater and Soil Cleanup written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-11-21 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a comprehensive, up-to-date review of technologies for cleaning up contaminants in groundwater and soil. It provides a special focus on three classes of contaminants that have proven very difficult to treat once released to the subsurface: metals, radionuclides, and dense nonaqueous-phase liquids such as chlorinated solvents. Groundwater and Soil Cleanup was commissioned by the Department of Energy (DOE) as part of its program to clean up contamination in the nuclear weapons production complex. In addition to a review of remediation technologies, the book describes new trends in regulation of contaminated sites and assesses DOE's program for developing new subsurface cleanup technologies.
Download or read book Accelerated Degradation of Chlorinated Solvents by Nanoscale Zero Valent Iron Coated with Iron Monosolfide and Stabilized with Carboxymethyl Cellulose written by Shirin Ghahghaei Nezamabadi and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) injections have proven to be a promising approach for the remediation of aquifers contaminated by chlorinated organic pollutants. This study compares the efficacy of nZVI in sulfidated and unamended forms in degrading selected chlorinated hyrocarbons (CHCs). Results show that nZVI amended with iron monosulfide (FeS) increases the rate of dechlorination of CT, CF and 1,1,1-TCA compared to that by unamended nZVI. The focus of this research was to characterize degradation kinetics and degradation byproduct distributions of CT, CF and 1,1,1-TCA by nZVI coated by iron monosulfide, which is represented as nZVI/FeS. To prevent nZVI particles from agglomerating, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) was used as a stabilizer in all experiments. Results indicated that the nZVI/FeS system was faster and produced less toxic byproducts than nZVI for all CHCs studied. a-elimination in nZVI/FeS system was an important degradation pathway for CF and 1,l,1-TCA: it produces reactive carbene intermediates capable of degrading into benign products such as methane, ethane, and ethene. The effect of sulfide loading on degradation was evaluated with all CHCs studied. Regardless of CHC type, the rate constant (kobs) increased with increasing sulfide loading, reaching the highest amount at 1 wt% sulfide, and then decreased with higher sulfide loading. An additional study focused on the effects of varying of the concentration of nZVI and CMC, and particle longevity on the degradation of 1,1,1-TCA in the nZVI/FeS system with 1 wt.% sulfide. Particle longevity experiments showed that reactivity with 1,1,1-TCA decreases as particles age. nZVI/FeS particles showed a rapid power function decline in reactivity with time. Increasing the amount of iron-reducing chemical during nZVI/FeS synthesis improved reactivity by 43%. The addition of a polyelectrolyte stabilizer at an optimized concentration of 4.0 g/L further increased nZVI/FeS reactivity by 350%. nZVI/FeS shows great potential for treating certain CHCs.
Download or read book Use of Zero valent Metals in In situ Remediation of Contaminated Ground Water written by Robert W. Gillham and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Wastewater Treatment written by Jianyu Chen and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2018-10-22 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the research results and applications of functional zeolite, functional ceramsite, modified montmorillonite and other functional materials in water purification areas. With abundant project experiences, the book is an essential reference for researchers and PhD students in environmental science, material science, environmental chemistry, as well as industrial engineers.
