Download or read book Relationships of Residual Feed Intake with Performance Profitability Digestibility and Carcass Traits in Individual and Group Pens written by Gustavo Durante Cruz and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Characterization of Residual Feed Intake and Relationships with Performance Carcass and Temperament Traits in Growing Calves written by James Trent Fox and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of this study were accomplished with two experiments in growing Bonsmara bulls (N = 68) (experiment 1), and Simmental crossbred calves (N = 132) (experiment 2). Specific objectives for experiment 1 were to characterize residual feed intake (RFI) in growing bulls, and examine relationships between RFI and performance, fertility, temperament and body composition traits. In experiment 2, the objectives were to examine stocker-phase supplementation effects on feedlot feed conversion ratio (FCR) and RFI and to characterize relationships between these feed efficiency traits, and performance and carcass traits in finishing calves. In both experiments, individual feed intakes and BW were measured. Ultrasound technology was used to measure body composition in experiment 1, while actual carcass measurements taken at harvest were used for experiment 2. Experiment 1 demonstrated that temperament affected ADG and DMI, but not FCR or RFI. Residual feed intake was not phenotypically correlated to scrotal circumference or bull fertility traits. Experiments 1 and 2 demonstrated that RFI was independent of ADG and BW, but that there was a tendency (P 0.5 SD above mean RFI). Results from experiment 2 suggest that RFI measured while calves are consuming high-grain diets may be less influenced by previous level of stocker supplementation compared to FCR or residual gain efficiency traits. In summary, RFI was found to be phenotypically independent of growth rate and BW, had no effect on bull fertility or temperament traits, and was less impacted by previous plane of nutrition compared to FCR.
Download or read book Biology of Domestic Animals written by Colin G. Scanes and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-09-01 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is increasing interest in the biology of domestic animals ranging from genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, nutritional physiology, and systems biology. This book touches on all of these, with a particular focus on topics such as domestic animals as comparative models to humans, molecular regulation of growth, metabolic efficiency, reproduction, and the impact of stress on growth and development. The book concludes with a discussion on the current and future directions for researchers.
Download or read book Effects of Residual Feed Intake Classification on Feed Efficiency Feeding Behavior Carcass Traits and Net Revenue in Angus based Composite Steers written by Joel Walter and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of residual feed intake (RFI) classification on performance, feed efficiency, feeding behavior and carcass traits, and to determine the relative importance of individual performance and carcass measurements on between-animal variation in net revenue of feedlot steers. Performance, feed intake and feeding behavior traits were measured in 508 Angus-based composite steers, using the GrowSafe feed-intake measurement system, while fed a high-grain diet for 70 days. Residual feed intake (RFI) was computed as actual minus expected dry matter intake (DMI) derived from regression of DMI on average daily gain (ADG) and mid-test BW0.75, and steers classified into low (n = 150), medium (n = 200) and high (n = 158) RFI groups. Following the feed-intake measurement periods, steers were fed the same diet in group pens and harvested at an average backfat thickness of 1.14 cm. Net revenue (NR) was calculated as carcass value minus feeder calf, yardage, and feed costs using 3-year average prices. Feed cost was based on actual feed consumed during the feed-intake measurement periods, and model-predicted intake adjusted for RFI during the group-feeding periods. Steers with low RFI had $48/hd lower (P
Download or read book Examining Mechanisms Contributing to the Biological Variation of Residual Feed Intake in Growing Heifers and Bulls and in Mid gestation Females written by Aimee Hafla and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of this study were to characterize residual feed intake (RFI) in growing bulls and heifers and in mid-gestation females to examine relationships with performance, body composition, feeding behavior, digestibility (DMD) and heart rate (HR) and evaluate the impact of RFI on bull fertility and cow forage utilization. Additionally, use of the n-alkane method to predict individual animal variations in intake was investigated. To accomplish these objectives, multiple RFI studies were conducted. In all studies RFI was computed as the difference between actual and expected DMI from linear regression of DMI on mid-test metabolic BW and ADG. To evaluate phenotypic relationships between feed efficiency, scrotal circumference (SC) and semen-quality an experiment was conducted with yearling bulls (N=204). Residual feed intake was not correlated with BW and ADG, but was positively associated with 12th-rib back fat (BF) such that the more efficient bulls were leaner. Bulls with low RFI had similar SC and progressive motility of sperm compared to high-RFI bulls. However percent normal sperm were weakly associated with RFI in a negative manner. To examine phenotypic relationships between heifer postweaning RFI, and performance, efficiency, HR, and DMD of mid-gestation cows, RFI was measured in growing Bonsmara heifers (N=175). Forty-eight heifers with divergent RFI were retained for breeding. Subsequently, intake, performance and feeding behavior was measured on mid-gestation females. Pregnant females classified as having low postweaning RFI continued to consume 22% less feed, spent 25% less time eating, and had 7% lower HR while maintaining similar BW, ADG and body composition compared to high RFI females. A moderate association between RFI in growing heifers and subsequent efficiency of forage utilization in pregnant cows was found. Growing heifers identified as efficient had greater DMD, however DMD in mature cows was similar between RFI groups. The n-alkane method of predicting intake detected differences in intake between divergent RFI groups in mid-gestation females. Results from this study indicate that inclusion of RFI as a component of a multi-trait selection program will improve feed efficiency of growing animals and mid-gestation females with minimal impacts on growth, body composition, and fertility traits.
Download or read book The Relationship Between Residual Feed Intake and Feeding Behavior in Growing Heifers written by Glenda Marie Bingham and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this study was to determine if feeding behavior traits are correlated with performance and feed efficiency traits in growing heifers. Individual dry matter intake (DMI) was measured in Brangus heifers (n = 115) fed a roughage-based diet (ME = 2.1 Mcal/kg) for 70 d using Calan gate feeders (6 heifers/pen). Residual feed intake (RFI) was computed as the residuals from linear regression of DMI on mid-test BW0.75 and average daily gain (ADG). Heifers with the highest (n = 18) and lowest (n = 18) RFI were identified for feeding behavior measurements. During days 28 through 56 of the 70-d feeding trial, continuous video recordings were obtained for all heifers. Video images of two sets of four 24-h periods, two weeks apart, were analyzed for the focal animals. All occurrences of feeding were timed and counted per day, and the eight 24-h periods averaged to derive the overall feeding event (FE) and meal duration and frequency for each focal heifer. Total feeding event duration was defined as the total min per day the animal0́9s head was down in the feed bunk. A meal included all visits an animal made to the feed bunk that were separated by less than 5 min. The mean RFI values for the low and high RFI heifers were (mean " SE) - 1.03 and 1.00 " 0.03 kg/d, respectively. Low RFI heifers consumed 21.9% less (P
Download or read book The Relationship Between Residual Feed Intake Feeding Behaviors Feed Intake and Evaluation of Sampling Error Associated with Post Weaning Gain Tests written by William C. Kayser and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Feed is the largest variable cost associated with beef production, any reductions of feed inputs whilst maintaining outputs will result in direct increased profitability for the industry. Traditionally individual feed intake has been expensive and laborious to measure. Recent improvements in technologies for measuring individual feed intake have made incorporating the phenotype into breeding selection decisions possible. Residual feed intake (RFI) is defined as the amount of feed that an animal consumed adjusted for the expected consumption based upon requirements for maintenance and growth. RFI is independent of body weight (BW), gain (ADG), carcass and meat quality. RFI is highly correlated with feed intake (DMI) and moderately heritable (r = 0.40). There are differences in feeding behaviors amongst the divergent RFI classes, animals with low RFI tend to spend less time eating per day and have fewer overall meals per day. There are many documented differences between low and high RFI animals, by adding to the knowledge base on RFI there should be increased producer and industry adoption.
Download or read book Effects of Residual Feed Intake Classification on Temperament Carcass Composition and Feeding Behavior Traits in Growing Santa Gertrudis Heifers written by Justin Anthony Ramirez and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Objectives of this study were to evaluate the associations of feed intake, feeding behavior, temperament, and carcass composition with performance and feed efficiency traits in growing heifers. Santa Gertrudis heifers (n = 369) with initial BW of (275.3 ± 37.4 kg) were used in this study. Intake and feeding behavior traits were collected for 70 d using a GrowSafe system while consuming a forage-based diet (ME = 2.19 Mcal/kg DM). Heifers were weighed at 14-d intervals and ultrasound traits measured on d 0 and 70. Residual feed intake was computed by regression of DMI on mid-test BW0·75 and ADG, and heifers classified into low, medium, and high RFI (± 0.50 SD) groups. A 2- population distribution model was fit to log10-transformed non-feeding interval lengths to estimate meal criterion (MC), which was used to compute meal traits (frequency and duration). As expected, RFI was positively correlated with DMI (r = 0.72; P
Download or read book Impact of Residual Feed Intake Classification and Management Regimen on Feedlot Growth Performance Carcass Traits and Meat Quality in Beef Cattle written by Janelle Elyse Kelly and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Feed efficiency in swine written by John F. Patience and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-10-15 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Feed efficiency in swine' has been prepared as a comprehensive treatise on the current state of our understanding of this topic which is so important to the pork industry. Each chapter is written by international authorities who understand both the science and application of their topic area. The book provides detailed insight into the many factors affecting feed efficiency, ranging from diet processing to herd health, from nutrition to physiology and from day-to-day barn management to the adoption of advanced technologies. The authors explain such practical aspects as the challenge of interpreting feed efficiency information obtained on farm or the role of liquid feeding. The authors also delve into more scientific topics such as amino acid or energy metabolism or animal physiology. This book is written for people who have a technical interest in pork production, including nutritionists, geneticists, farm management specialists, veterinarians, other academics and, of course, pork producers.
Download or read book Leanness in Domestic Birds written by B. Leclercq and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-05-20 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leanness in Domestic Birds: Genetic, Metabolic, and Hormonal Aspects is a proceeding of a symposium held in Tours, France, from 4 to 6 August 1987. Said symposium was concerned with genetic and metabolic factors associated with leanness of poultry and accounts of research in these areas. The book is divided into six parts. Part I covers studies that involve genetics in the selection of meat leanness. Part II deals with the relationship of feed intake and metabolism to the leanness of poultry. Part III discusses the lipid metabolism in birds and its related factors and effects. Part IV talks about the use of hormones such as insulin, thyroid hormones, and corticosteroids in the control of fatness in birds. Part V covers studies involving amino acid metabolism and its relation to leanness in poultry, and Part VI talks about the applications of the studies in commercial use. The text is recommended for zoologists, agriculturists, and poultry farmers who would like to know more about the different factors that affect the leanness of domestic birds and its implications.
Download or read book Residual Feed Intake in Beef Cattle in Relation to Breed Selection and Behavior written by Marcus McGee and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Feed efficiency is a necessary factor in beef production systems due to rising feed ingredient costs, population growth, and beef supply demands. With this known, it is important for researchers to delve into mechanisms involved in efficiency to provide producers with a knowledge base for future selection and breeding programs. Though the use of residual feed intake (RFI) is fairly well know, traditional traits are often considered more desirable due to costs associated with testing. However, previous research has provided evidence of benefits using a less biased measurement (RFI) in comparison with its counterparts (e.g. ADG, FCR, F:G etc.) Though RFI does provide indication of efficiency status, there are underlying mechanisms that also play a role in these measurements that are not completely understood. One attribute of efficiency often overlooked is feeding behavior, in which this body of work attempts to interpret via relationships with RFI. Previous research has provided has examined relationships between these two parameters, however further studies are necessary to gain a more solid foundation. Research within this dissertation will add to this knowledge base using two breeds of cattle examined for behavior traits (bunk visit frequency, bunk visit duration, feed bout frequency, feed bout duration, meal frequency, meal duration, and average meal intake) during the course of RFI evaluation. Niche breeds of beef cattle (e.g. Japanese Black Cattle) are often excluded from feed efficiency examinations, due to focuses of output, carcass quality traits, and increased specialty market value. However, the recent rise of feed ingredient costs are universal, and producers of niche breeds may benefit as well. Within this body of work, 3 cohorts of Wagyu cattle were evaluated for feeding behavior parameters with some insight towards relationships with efficiency. Red Angus cattle were also evaluated over both growing and finishing phase RFI to clarify feeding behaviors' role in efficiency. Results from these studies provide researchers with additional tools for elucidating these relationships as well as identifying specific feeding behaviors that contribute to efficiency status in beef cattle.
Download or read book Relationships Between Residual Feed Intake and Performance of Heifers of Diverse Breedtypes and Brahman Cows written by Andrea N. Loyd and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These studies were designed to evaluate the relationships between residual feed intake (RFI) and performance of growing heifers and Brahman cows. Residual feed intake was determined for 77 heifers of diverse breedtypes (Angus, Brahman, Hereford, Holstein, Jersey and F1 crosses) during both the pre- and post-pubertal periods. Heifers were individually fed and allowed ad libitum access to feed for 84 +/- 6 d during the prepubertal feeding trial and 90 +/- 4 d during the post-pubertal feeding trial. Brahmaninfluenced heifers had lower RFI than heifers without Brahman influence during both the pre-pubertal (P
Download or read book Phenotypic Relationships Between Residual Feed Intake Feeding Behaviour and Temperament in Western Canadian Beef Cattle written by Lindsey Lippens and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Feed costs have led the cattle industry to examine the merit of selecting cattle for inputs (feed efficiency) rather than for outputs exclusively (growth). Residual feed intake (RFI) has become a preferred measure of biological efficiency. Feeding behaviour traits (feeding event duration, frequency, head-down time, length and eating rate) and temperament may provide insight into the variation in feed efficiency. Feeding behaviour, RFI (n = 868) and temperament (n = 58) were examined using five classes of beef cattle. Cattle were sorted into low, medium and high RFI groups. Feeding behaviour traits were moderately (-0.21 to 0.56; P 0.05) related to RFI. Bulls fed a grain-based diet spent longer periods lying down than bulls fed a forage-based diet. No relationships (P 0.1) were observed between RFI and bull temperament, indicating that temperament is not correlated with RFI and selecting for low RFI cattle will not negatively impact temperament.
Download or read book Livestock Seed Division written by United States. Agricultural Marketing Service and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Determining Variables Linked to the Phenotypic Expression of Feed Efficiency Using Residual Feed Intake as a Measure of Efficiency written by Joseph Walter Golden and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Feed represents 60 to 70% of the cost of raising an animal to market weight, and is thus a major determinant of profitability. The task of collecting and analyzing individual feed intakes and feed efficiencies has limited the amount of research conducted to improve feed efficiency, and thus profitability. Thus, selection for growth has received more emphasis in genetic improvement schemes in comparison to improvement of feed efficiency. The utilization of robust and innovative technologies has allowed for the collection of individual feed intakes and feeding behaviors and allowed for more expansive research in determining and understanding the variables linked to the phenotypic expression of feed efficiency. Two studies utilizing GrowSafe technologies were conducted to determine the relationship of mitochondrial function and feeding behavior to the phenotypic expression of feed efficiency. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).
Download or read book Feeding Strategies to Improve Sustainability and Welfare in Animal Production written by Fulvia Bovera and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-04-23 with total page 535 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains the scientific contributions published within the Animals topical collection “Feeding Strategies to Improve Sustainability and Welfare in Animal Production”. Originally a Special Issue, it has turned into a permanent collection, with its first article being published in July 2019 and more than 30 published articles a year later: evidence of the great interest from the scientific community regarding the topics addressed. The articles, which are grouped by species (poultry, ruminants, pigs, etc.) and by topic, deal with a wide range of arguments that, first of all, highlight the extraordinary complexity and diversity that exists in the animal production sector, and then, the great influence that nutrition and feeding can have in terms of optimizing the use of environmental resources and improving the welfare of farmed animals. In addition, all this is closely connected with the urgent need to safeguard the resources of the planet on which we live.
