Download or read book Relationships Among Weight Status Dairy Food Consumption Food and Physical Activity Behavior and Nutritional Status Parameters of Preschoolers in Tillamook County Oregon written by Sandra K. Frank and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this cross-sectional population study was to provide an assessment of weight status of a county's preschool population utilizing the new growth charts and expressed as Body Mass Index, or BMI, -for- age percentile. This study was conducted in conjunction with an annual health screen for incoming kindergartners and consisted of two phases. The first phase involved assisting in the collection of, and statistically analyzing preschoolers' data collected during the Tillamook Health Screen on May 23-25th, 2001. Height, weight, blood pressure, hemoglobin, and blood lead levels were measured. Also, the preschoolers' parents completed a 24-hour food intake record and answered questions on mealtime habits. Phase Two consisted of a mailed questionnaire that was sent to parents of preschoolers who were screened in May, 2001, to investigate dairy food consumption, where meals are eaten, and physical activity habits of their preschoolers. Four significant findings were documented in this research. Foremost, Tillamook County preschoolers had a lower prevalence of healthy weight and a higher prevalence of at risk of overweight and overweight levels than children their age nationwide. Also, both systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased with increasing BMI-for-age percentiles for males and females. Third, hours spent viewing television -sedentary behavior-was positively related to BMI-for-age percentiles. The combination of more hours of physical activity with less television viewing time was inversely related to BMI-for-age percentiles. Last, Tillamook County preschoolers who were above the healthy weight range ate more Food Guide Pyramid servings of concentrated fats/sweets than children in the healthy weight range. Data that were not strong enough to reach conclusions about weight status related to dairy product consumption, fat content of dairy products, mealtime habits, meals eaten away from home, blood hemoglobin, and blood lead. Also, no significant associations were found between dairy food intake and blood hemoglobin, blood lead, or blood pressure. Even at preschool ages, physical activity and diet are important to assess when increasing rates of overweight levels and associated increases in blood pressure are being investigated.

Download or read book Associations Between Family Nutrition and Physical Activity Food Security and Childhood Obesity in Rural Oregon written by Jennifer A. Jackson and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Childhood obesity and food insecurity are public health issues that often coexist, and both conditions are more prevalent among rural compared to non-rural populations. Social ecological prevention efforts are recommended, yet limited research has examined how rural family-home environments may influence obesity-preventing and -promoting behaviors. The purpose of this dissertation was to examine whether and how family-home environmental and behavioral factors are associated with body mass index (BMI) and food security in rural children. To accomplish the aims of this project, a mixed methods study was conducted. For the quantitative phase of this study, relationships between family nutrition and physical activity (FNPA), food security, and children's BMI and dietary behaviors were examined. Results indicated no significant associations between FNPA and BMI or between FNPA and food security. More favorable FNPA factors were associated with higher consumption of fruits, vegetables, and dairy, and with lower intake of added sugar. The qualitative phase of this research involved nine semi-structured focus group interviews, conducted across six rural communities, to explore parent/caregiver perceptions of factors that influence behaviors related to nutrition and physical activity in the home environment. Four major themes that influence family nutrition- and activity-related behaviors were identified, including family eating habits, food procurement, family physical activity, and screen time. Eight themes emerged as environmental supports and/or barriers to family nutrition and physical activity, including seasonal variation, features of home, distance from resources, foods and beverages encouraged and discouraged, screen time limits, financial constraints, outdoor safety, and schedule constraints. This study provides evidence that certain factors in the family-home are associated with children's dietary behaviors, and that opportunities for rural children to eat healthfully and be physically active at home are influenced by factors internal and external to the family-home. Understanding how family-home and other environmental factors influence children's eating and activity behaviors and future health outcomes, as well as how public health efforts may support families in navigating challenges specific to rural areas, is an important area of research that warrants further exploration.

Download or read book Child Family and Community Factors Associated with Obesity Physical Activity and Healthy Eating in Children and Youth with Special Health Care Needs written by Katie McSloy and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background: Approximately 14% of children and youth in the US are children and youth with special health care needs (CYSHCN). CYSHCN have decreased physical activity and increased sedentary behaviors compared to typically developing children. CYSHCN often have difficulty eating. This project aims to describe CYSHCN on physical activity, eating habits, and weight status; identify factors associated with these behaviors and conditions; identify community resources families need or use to promote health behaviors; make recommendations to improve health behaviors in CYSHCN. Methods: A convenience sample of parent-child dyads (n=23) was recruited from a clinic for CYSHCN. Most children were boys (74%), mean age 9.8 years (SD=4.7). The most prevalent diagnoses were autism (30%), cerebral palsy (CP) (13%) and asthma (9%). Diagnoses were categorized as either cognitive/behavioral/emotional or medical/physical. Interviews were conducted with parents and children to obtain information on physical activity levels, eating habits and community resources. Parents were asked about facilitators and barriers to physical activity and healthy eating in closed-ended and open-ended questions. Child health status measures, most notably, body mass index (BMI) age-for-sex percentiles were recorded. Results: Most boys (63%) and girls (64%) in this study were obese. CYSHCN achieve 60 minutes of physical activity on an average of 4.68 (SD=1.94) days/week and participate in screen time for an average of 4.90 (SD=1.41) hours each weekday. CYSHCN in this study did not meet dietary recommendations for daily fruit and vegetable consumption. Children with cognitive/behavioral/emotional diagnoses were more likely to be obese than children with medical/physical diagnoses. Many parents identified needing more accessible playgrounds, after school programs, and healthier food stores to promote healthy behaviors. Conclusion: CYSHCN in this study were more obese and engaged in fewer health promoting behaviors than typically developing children. Co-morbidities associated with overweight and obesity may have more severe health consequences when combined with the child's primary medical condition. Policy makers should work toward more inclusive and comprehensive physical activity and nutrition national guidelines for CYSHCN. Health promoting community resources should be universally accessible to all children. Future research is indicated to understand the association between obesity and children with cognitive/behavioral/emotional diagnoses.

Download or read book The Association Between Physical Activity Diet Television video Viewing Computer Use and Weight Status Among U S Adolescents written by Tasha Peart and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Overweight among children and adolescents is a significant public health problem in the United States. Epidemiologic studies must scale up efforts to assess risk factors of overweight, by improving measurement and methodological analyses in order to frame and refine overweight prevention policies and programs. The objectives of this study were to determine the relative contribution of physical activity, dietary factors, television/video viewing, and computer use to weight status among adolescents, as well as to determine if the association between physical activity and weight status differs by gender or race. Secondary analyses of the nationally representative NHANES (2003-2006) cross-sectional surveys were conducted among 2, 136 U.S. adolescents. The dependent variable was weight status, categorized as: normal, at-risk for overweight, and overweight; the main independent variables were moderate-tovigorous physical activity, dietary intake (total energy intake, total fat intake, fiber intake), daily hours of television/video viewing, and daily hours of computer use. Multivariate statistical analyses were conducted using multinomial logistic regression models to obtain odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Gender and race were also analyzed as potential effect modifiers on the relationship between physical activity and weight status, by modeling multiplicative interaction terms, testing for departure from homogeneity of the point estimates between categories of the effect modifiers. After controlling for confounders, television/video viewing was significantly associated with both at-risk for overweight (OR = 1.57, 95% C.I = 0.94, 2.63) and overweight (OR = 1.84, 95% C.I. = 1.24, 2.69), meanwhile television/video viewing (OR = 1.84, 95% C.I. = 1.24, 2.69), physical activity (OR = 0.75, 95% C.I = 0.59, 0.95), and fiber intake (OR = 0.96; 95% C.I = 0.92, 1.00), were significantly associated only with overweight. Television/video viewing was found to be an important factor associated with overweight, in addition to physical activity, and fiber intake. The results support previous findings showing television viewing as a determinant of overweight among adolescents. Increased television/video viewing may reduce time spent in physical activity, exposure to high energy dense food advertising, and increased food intake. The findings do not support a multiplicative interaction effect of gender or race, suggesting universal overweight prevention policies and programs should be delivered. -- Abstract.

Download or read book Nutrition Physical Activity and Health in Early Life written by Jana Parizkova and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1996-04-24 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Health in Early Life is a complete and thorough compilation of scientific information on the growth of young children - much of it previously unavailable. This breakthrough book describes changes in functional, motor, and sensomotor development in young children as related to somatic growth, body composition, and nutrition. Packed with original experimental data derived from repeated cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, the book presents results that can be used as reference standards. Human studies are supplemented by data from experimental animal models to provide in-depth information on many difficult research areas. Specifically, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Health in Early Life analyzes the impact of environment, exercise, diet, and prenatal factors on body composition, fat distribution, dietary intake, and blood lipid levels in children 3 to 6 years of age. It also reviews functional development in marginally and severely malnourished and obese children. Written by a leading nutrition researcher who has worked in the field for more than twenty years, this monumental resource provides today's research standards for investigating the complex physical development of young children.

Download or read book The Relationships Among Dietary Habits Media Usage Physical Activity and BMI in Preschoolers Born to Overweight obese Mothers written by Anne Eyre Bowman and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The purpose of this study was to describe the dietary habits, media use, and physical activity of 2 to 5-year-olds born to overweight and obese mothers. Data were collected on 390 preschoolers enrolled in the KAN-DO study. As part of the study's baseline survey, mothers reported the time her preschooler spent watching TV and using the computer, the frequency with which certain food were eaten, and the average daily duration of outdoor play. Preschoolers were compared based on weight classification. A larger percent of healthy weight preschoolers ate dessert once per day as compared to overweight and obese preschoolers. A higher percent of obese preschoolers consumed juice

Download or read book The Relationship Among Weight Status Physical Activity and Body esteem in 3rd Grade Children from Rural Oklahoma written by Michelle M. Moulton and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Relation Between the Nutritional Status of Children and Their Food Consumption written by Phyllis Ashworth and published by . This book was released on 1949 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Influence of Weight Status on the Link Between Television Viewing and Food Intake in Children written by Michael M. Borghese and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent research suggests that sedentary behaviours have detrimental effects on the health and well-being of children, including effects on obesity. Specifically, television viewing is consistently associated with childhood obesity. Two explanations have been proposed: 1) reduced energy expenditure, and 2) increased food intake. However, it has been suggested that the association between television viewing and childhood obesity may be better explained by an increase in energy intake than by a reduction in energy expenditure. To date, children of different weight status have not been compared in their dietary patterns in front of the television, and it is not known if total sedentary time is linked with food intake in children. The objectives of this thesis are: 1) to determine if obese children consume food more frequently while watching television than normal weight children, and 2) to examine which of television viewing or total sedentary time better predicts dietary patterns in children. Overall, our results re-affirm the notion that television viewing is associated with obesity, although physical activity plays a role in this association. Also, children who are obese consume fast food and fruits/vegetables more frequently during television watching than normal weight children. Furthermore, television viewing appears to be a better predictor of dietary patterns in children than overall sedentary time. Globally, these results provide evidence for the deleterious effects of television viewing on children's dietary patterns and justification for future intervention studies designed to reduce television viewing in children with obesity.

Download or read book Associations Between Physical Activity and Weight Status with Grade school Performance written by Taylor E. Panfil and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PURPOSE: To explore the relationships between physical activity, weight status, and academic performance in children.

Download or read book Familial and Individual Predictors of Obesity and Insulin Resistance in Hispanic Children written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The surprisingly rapid rise in the prevalence of childhood obesity has closely preceded an upsurge in the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in youth, with the most dramatic increases occurring among minority groups. Although the prevalence of obesity and T2D is greater in Hispanics, studies of the nutrition and physical environments have been primarily conducted among non-Hispanic whites. Therefore, we used the social-ecological model as a framework to evaluate the individual and familial predictors of Hispanic pediatric obesity and risk for T2D focusing on the influence of the home environment. Anthropometrics and cardiovascular fitness (PACER) were measured and blood samples were collected to assess HOMAIR, a proxy measure of insulin resistance (IR), in 187 Hispanic children (aged 10 to 14 years). A food frequency questionnaire and physical activity (PA) recall were administered to children and parents reported on family socio-demographics and home environment. It was found that 53% of the children were overweight or obese. Children's diet quality as measured by the Healthy Eating Index was low indicating a lack of adherence to dietary guidelines. The home food availability, parental diet and family eating habits were found to be associated with children's diet quality. Nonetheless, children's overall diet quality was not associated with weight status as hypothesized. Results of these investigations guided subsequent analysis of children's diet and PA in relation to metabolic health. Overweight or obese children had lower cardiovascular fitness (CVF) along with higher HOMAIR when compared to healthy weight children. These relationships were influenced by children's diet and PA, which in turn were shaped by the home environment together with parental eating and PA habits. High intakes of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and low PA had a negative association on children's weight status and CVF, and subsequent risk for T2D. Interventions aimed at decreasing SSB consumption and increasing PA of Hispanic children seems warranted, where families are educated on the benefits of having a healthier home environment. The diet, PA and CVF of Hispanic children could improve and the prevalence of childhood obesity could possibly be reduced while having a positive impact on the risk for T2D.

Download or read book Eating Behaviors and Body Weight in Preadolescents Classified by Sensitivity to 6 n propylthiouracil written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Overweight in children is a problem of rising significance as obesity in America becomes more widespread. Understanding factors affecting the establishment of eating behaviors in children can potentially mitigate development of adiposity. This study investigated the influence of genetic sensitivity to the bitterness of 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP), environment and psychosocial factors on change in weight status from preschool to preadolescence. Children who originally participated in taste studies as preschoolers were identified and re-tested as preadolescents. Seventy-three children and their mothers were screened for PROP taster status and answered a questionnaire measuring dietary restraint and disinhibition. Children additionally gave three 24-hour recalls, and wore an activity monitor for 72 hours. Data from the diet recalls were analyzed by nutrient composition as well as by USDA Food Group servings. For the results, phenotype of PROP taster status was stable since preschool, being satisfactorily reliable for test-retest (Cohen's Kappa>0.7). There were no significant differences among PROP taster groups for current BMI percentile or change in BMI percentile since preschool by Univariate analyses. Multivariate models provided greater insight since it provided the ability to control for other measurable forms of variance. Both Multiple Linear Regression and Hierarchical Regression showed that the single most influential factor for predicting current weight status was preschool weight status. In addition, dietary restraint was a significant positive predictor as was the interaction between gender and PROP taster status. Within females, PROP sensitivity was a significant positive predictor for body weight, whereas this was not true for males. However, subjects had a lower incidence of overweight than the national average and tended to have high physical activity. Thus, in order to elucidate the true impact of PROP sensitivity on eating behaviors, further studies should investigate the effect of PROP taster status on body weight in female children, particularly in an overweight population.

Download or read book The Influence of Social Determinants of Health and the Built Environment on the Weight Status of Preschoolers in Alberta written by Jessica Wijesundera and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background Underweight, overweight, and obesity in early childhood can compromise health over the life course. Underweight, an indicator of undernutrition, can lead to higher morbidity, restricted growth, and delayed development. Overweight and obesity can lead to health conditions such as cardiovascular stress, skeletal stress, and asthma at an early age. Contextual factors in a child's upbringing, such as social determinants of health (SDH) and the built environment, impact health inequities and may have protective or harmful effects towards developing underweight, overweight and obesity in early childhood. My thesis has two objectives: (a) to examine associations between social determinants of health and weight status in preschool children in Edmonton and Calgary, Canada and (b) to examine relationships between built environment variables related to physical activity and excess weight status in preschoolers in Edmonton and Calgary, Canada. Methods In Chapter 2, I conducted a retrospective cohort study to examine associations between social determinants of health, including ethnicity, maternal immigration status, neighborhood-level income, urban versus rural residence, and material and social deprivation on weight status in preschool children in Edmonton and Calgary. I ran three multinomial regression models, where the outcome variable was child weight status. The first model studied associations between child ethnicity, maternal immigration status, neighborhood-level income, and residence with child weight status. The second and third models individually estimated associations 3 between material and social deprivation and child weight status. In Chapter 3, I conducted a retrospective cohort study to examine associations between the distance to nearest playground, distance to nearest major park, distance to nearest school, number of street intersections, number of major parks, number of major playgrounds, and weight status in preschoolers in Edmonton and Calgary. I ran three binomial logistic regression models, where the outcome variable was child weight status examined in 2 categories (normal weight and excess weight[overweight and obesity]). The first model examined individual associations between each of the built environment variables and the likelihood of excess weight. The second model examined combined associations between all built environment variables and the likelihood of having excess weight. The third model examined combined associations between all built environment variables and odds of having excess weight, while additionally adjusting for child sex, age at BMI measurement, ethnicity, annual neighborhood-level income, and city. Results In Chapter 2(n=169,465), I found that children with Chinese ethnicity were less likely to have overweight (Relative Risk Ratio[RRR]: 0.63) and obesity (RRR: 0.47) and children with South Asian ethnicity were more likely to have underweight (RRR: 3.95) and obesity (RRR: 1.38). Children with mothers who immigrated to Canada were less likely to have underweight (RRR: 0.70) and obesity (RRR: 0.70). Every $10,000 increase in income was associated with a decrease in the likelihood of children having overweight (RRR: 0.94) and obesity (RRR: 0.87). Relative to the least deprived quintile, children in the most materially deprived quintile were more likely to have underweight (RRR: 1.98), overweight (RRR: 1.56) and obesity (RRR: 3.32). Children in the most socially deprived quintile were more likely to have overweight (RRR: 1.25) and obesity 4 (RRR: 1.40) (all p

Download or read book Moderators of Children s Food Liking and Intake written by Catherine Shehan and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Children's food choices have long been assumed to be almost entirely driven by hedonics. Children are biologically driven to like tastes associated with high-energy foods but dislike bitter tastes often associated with nutrient dense foods. Better understanding of the relationship between food liking and intake and identifying parental influences on food liking and intake may help efforts to improve children's diet quality. To clarify the relationship between food liking and intake we determined correlations between children's food liking and intake in a cross-sectional, laboratory-based study of the strength of the relationship between liking and intake. In this study, 58 young children (mean: 5.44 +/- 0.8 years) attended two sessions in which they tasted and rated their liking of 7 foods and 2 beverages before eating self-selected, ad libitum test-meals. We found that the relationship between children's food liking and intake is more complexthan previous work and common assumptions indicate. Liking and intake of some foods were correlated, but overall, children's liking ratings did not significantly predict test meal intake. Mean liking and mean intake of low energy density foods (grapes, tomatoes, and broccoli) were moderately correlated (rho=0.28 p=0.03), but no significant relationship was found between mean liking and mean intake of high energy density foods (p=0.72). Contrary to our expectations, no relationship was found between combined liking scores for all test meal items and total meal intake (p=0.72). Moderation analysis showed that the relationship between food liking and intake is influenced by sex (p=0.004), parental work status (p=0.041), and child weight status (p=0.007), with significant high energy density food liking/intake relationships among girls (r=0.46, p=0.02) but not boys (p=0.14) as well as among children with stay-at-home parents(r=-0.46, p=0.02) but not children of working parents (p=0.60). Liking predicted low energy density food intake among overweight/obese children (r= 0.76, p= 0.01), but not among lower weight children (p=0.99). These data suggest that food liking may not positively predict intake in all situations, but that in certain situations, food liking is a strong predictor of intake.Results of exploratory analyses indicate that children's independent food choices mightbe associated with their parents' food-related behaviors. Our findings suggest a negative relationship between time spent on food preparation and test meal food energy density using both correlation analysis (r= -0.35, p= 0.01) and group-wise comparison using one-way ANOVA (F (2,55) = 4.557, p = 0.015). Our findings suggest that children's eating behavior is more complex than previous work and common assumptions indicate, and further research is needed to clarify influences on children's eating behavior including the relationship between food liking and intake.

Download or read book Nutritional Status of Preschool Children in Relation to Selected Factors Characterizing the Family Environment written by Laura Smail Sims and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 718 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Influence of Child Weight Status Food consuming Behaviors Child Sex and Loss of Controlled Eating Upon Eating in the Absence of Hunger in 7 11 Year old Children written by Arimani Caprio and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this thesis project was to provide information about the relationship between child weight status, loss of control eating (LOC), and food intake during eating in the absence of hunger (EAH) while at the same time identifying behaviors that may predict EAH in 44, 7-11 year-old children (mean age = 9.00; SD = 1.31). Twenty of the subjects were boys and twenty-four were girls (healthy weight = 25; overweight/obese = 19). EAH was measured as childrens intake from a selection of highly palatable snack foods served when they were not hungry, after consumption of a multi-item meal to reported satiety. The main outcome was number of calories children consumed during the EAH protocol. The secondary outcome was time spent engaged in eating versus non-eating activities (i.e. playing) during the EAH protocol. Noldus Observer XT 10 software was used to record and analyze behaviors (i.e. sitting versus standing, gazing at food versus gazing elsewhere, eating versus playing with toys) of the subjects during both food intake and nonfood intake intervals of EAH. Noldus allowed for the manual coding of these behaviors in terms of their duration, consistency, and repetition. Children were screened for LOC using the LOC eating disorder questionnaire, developed by Tanofsky-Kraff et al. (2008). Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 22 for Windows. Descriptive statistics were generated for subject demographics and Pearsons two-tailed, bivariate correlations were calculated to examine the independent relationships between EAH intake, BMI z-score, child sex, the food-consuming behaviors, and child-reported LOC. Furthermore, several linear and stepwise multivariate regression analyses were calculated to analyze the effect of BMI z-score, child sex, the food-consuming behaviors, and child-reported LOC on intake. The findings of this thesis demonstrate an association between several food-consuming behaviors and EAH intake. The more time that a child spent sitting versus standing (Sit > Stand), gazing at food versus gazing elsewhere (G food > G else), and eating versus playing with toys (E at > P lay) were positively associated with amount of food consumed during EAH. Sit > Stand positively predicted 13.0% of the variance in intake, G food > G else positively predicted 33.7% of the variance in intake, and E at > P lay positively predicted 46.3% of the variance in intake. In addition, child BMI z-score and reported LOC did not predict EAH intake, nor did child sex significantly influence any of the proposed relationships. These findings suggest that specific, food-consuming behaviors observed during EAH (including sitting, gazing at food, and eating) can help us to predict increased energy consumed in the absence of reported hunger. This knowledge may aide in our understanding of the mechanisms that drive increased food intake in children.

Download or read book Wardlaw s Perspectives in Nutrition written by Carol Byrd-Bredbenner and published by McGraw-Hill Science Engineering. This book was released on 2009 with total page 960 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An introductory nutrition text appropriate for nutrition and science majors, as well as mixed majors/non-majors nutrition courses. This text has current, in-depth and thoughtful introduction to the dynamic field of nutrition. The 8th edition introduces a new author team whose primary goal has been to maintain the strengths and philosophy that have been the hallmark of this book yet enhance the accessibility and personal application of materials for today's students.