Download or read book Relationship Between School District Expenditures in Various Categories and Student Performance written by B. Wade Brorsen and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effect of school expenditures on student performance has been a subject of much study and controversy. This paper provides additional empirical evidence about the effects of various categories of school spending on student performance. An educational production function is estimated using achievement test scores to proxy school output, with socio-economic characteristics and expenditures in various categories as inputs. The data are school district level expenditures from Oklahoma. Unlike most past research, a correction is made for heteroskedasticity created by differences in school district size. The correction for heteroskedasticity leads to statistical tests with greater power. Test scores were positively related to expenditures on instruction and instructional support, and are negatively related to expenditures on student support, such as counseling and school administration. The negative effect of counseling and administration could be due to counselors taking up classroom time or administrators using classroom time with announcements or assemblies. Alternatively, the causality could go the other way. It could be that schools with problems hire more administrators and counselors. The socioeconomic variables included may not fully capture the problems that a school faces. The results do show that spending is useful when targeted toward instruction. The effect, although statistically significant, is not large. Thus, the research finds that money can matter if it is spent on instruction.
Download or read book The Relationship of School Spending and Student Academic Achievement when Achievement is Measured by Value added Scores written by Dengke Xu and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Impacts of Disaggregated Non instructional School District Expenditures on Student Achievement in California written by Keith Edward Miller and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper uses a series of fixed effects models to assess the impacts of disaggregated school district expenditures in fifteen categories on student achievement in grades 2 through 11 in the state of California. Separate results are presented for student performance in math and English language arts, and both mean scale test scores and proficiency percentages are utilized as measures of achievement. I find that a number of statistically significant correlations exist between expenditures in multiple categories and student performance in both subjects, but that the signs and significance of these correlations differ substantially between categories and across grade levels. These findings suggest that while the aggregate level of spending per student may have no discernible impact on student outcomes, targeted spending on specific educational inputs may be associated with economically significant gains or losses in academic performance.
Download or read book Selected Papers in School Finance written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book School Finance written by Allan Odden and published by Ingram. This book was released on 2019-02 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Interrelationship of School District Expenditures and Student Academic Achievement in Oklahoma Public Elementary School Districts written by Glenn M. Moore and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The primary purpose of this quantitative study was to analyze the relationship between school district expenditures and student academic achievement in 102 public elementary school districts in the state of Oklahoma. The secondary purpose was to investigate the relationship between school district expenditures and school district assessed valuation in those same school districts. Four research hypotheses, addressing both the primary and secondary purposes in this study, were postulated and tested utilizing a stepwise multiple regression analysis"--Abstract.
Download or read book The Relationship Between Per Pupil Expenditure and Student Achievement in Virginia Public Schools written by Elizabeth N. Shupe and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Legislators, policymakers, and educators rely on empirical evidence from research to make financial decisions regarding education funding. The purpose of this study was to examine the expenditures of the school districts in the Commonwealth of Virginia for the period of 2007 to 2017 and to determine what effect the level of expenditures had, if any, on student achievement at the state, region, and district level. The researcher found a negative correlation trend between per pupil expenditure and average Standards of Learning pass rate for students in Virginia, for students in the 19 school districts of Region VII in Virginia, and also for the students in a small rural district in Virginia. The researcher concluded that per pupil expenditure alone was not an accurate predictor of student achievement and that the socioeconomic status or poverty level of the student was a more reliable predictor of performance on SOL pass rate.
Download or read book Analysis of the Relationship Between School Achievement and Per Pupil Expenditures written by Jimmie C. Fortune and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Relationship Between Per Pupil Spending and Student Achievement in Sussex County New Jersey written by William Kochis and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past several decades, school funding in New Jersey has been through multiple reforms in attempts to provide districts with enough funding to offer students a thorough and efficient education. The most recent funding formula adjustment has led, and may continue to lead, to significant funding decreases for the majority of Sussex County, New Jersey. With schools forced to budgetary cuts, the question becomes how much money is necessary for schools to provide an education and does more money equate to higher student achievement? The current study did not put forward any hypotheses but did attempt to find the relationships between student achievement and total spending per pupil while considering other variables such as District Factor Groups as well as school enrollment. To address these research questions, the quantitative approach was deemed the best approach to the study, since it allowed the researcher to investigate the relationship between the data points. (ProQuest abstract).
Download or read book The Relationship Between Elementary School District Instructional Expenditure Per Pupil and Academic Achievement written by Daphan Alsup Fox and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Resource Allocation and Individual Student Achievement Over Time written by Celia Avant Drews and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With increasing public school accountability and inevitable legislation in the future of the school finance system, educational productivity is of paramount concern in 2006 and beyond. This study of educational productivity adds to the field of research by examining the relationship between resource allocation in a school district and student performance. PURPOSE: This study examined the relationship between allocation of resources and individual student achievement as measured by state-mandated assessments over a four year period. Four research questions guided the inquiry: 1) What is the relationship between expenditures on district leadership and student achievement for K-12 public school districts in Texas as measured by the Reading and Mathematics Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skills (TAKS) at grades 3, 4, 5, and 6 over four academic years, 2002-2003 through 2005-2006? 2) What is the relationship between expenditures on campus leadership and student achievement for K-12 public school districts in Texas as measured by the Reading and Mathematics TAKS at grades 3, 4, 5, and 6 over four academic years, 2002-2003 through 2005-2006? 3) What is the relationship between expenditures on instruction and student achievement for K-12 public school districts in Texas as measured by the Reading and Mathematics TAKS at grades 3, 4, 5, and 6 over four academic years, 2002-2003 through 2005-2006? 4) What is the relationship between expenditures on professional development and student achiement for K-12 public school districts in Texas as measured by the Reading and Mathematics TAKS at grades 3, 4, 5, and 6 over four academic years, 2002-2003 through 2005-2006? METHODS: Data from 8,120 students within 43 districts across the state of Texas who participated in TAKS math and reading in grades three, four, five, and six for school years 2002-2003 through 2005-2006 were used in the analyses. Data was obtained from each of the 43 participating districts. Financial data for school years 2002-2003 through 2005-2006 was obtained online from the Texas Education Agency (TEA). Descriptive statistics and One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were used to examine the relationships between expenditures and reading and math achievement. A multilevel growth model was calculated to explain the amount of variation at the campus or student level as well as the district level. FINDINGS: Results of this study support the mixed findings of previous research in that some expenditures impact achievement and some do not. By categorizing percent of a district budget expended on each fund area into low, median, and high, results revealed that there is a difference between how much districts spent for district leadership and both reading and math achievement over the time period of this study, 2002-2003 through 2005-2006. Results of the multilevel growth modeling revealed that students who were coded low socioeconomic status (SES) started lower for both math and reading achievement. Additionally, low SES students' scores for math and reading achievement actually declined three to five points for each year of the study. Expenditures on district leadership had no effect on reading or math achievement over the time of this study. Results for expenditures on campus leadership revealed that districts who spent more on campus leadership started slightly lower on reading achievement but there was no effect on growth over time. For math achievement, districts who spent more on campus leadership began 62 points higher, but declined about 48 points for each year of the study. In regard to expenditures on instruction, there was no effect for math achievement. However, for reading achievement, districts who spent more on instruction started slightly higher, but there was no effect over the time of the study. Districts who expended higher percentages of the budget on professional development had higher starting points for grade three TAKS reading. However, those same districts started slightly lower for grade three TAKS math. While expenditures examined in this study had some effect on student achievement, expenditures at the district level are too far removed to reveal the true effects on individual student achievement.
Download or read book The Relationship of Elementary School Size and Student Achievement in California Public Schools written by Margaret L. Plecki and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Narrowing the Achievement Gap in a Re Segregated Urban School District written by Vivian W. Ikpa and published by IAP. This book was released on 2009-11-01 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The interplay between sociopolitical forces and economic agendas becomes apparent when one examines the June 28, 2007 United States Supreme Court Decision, Parents Involved In Community Schools v. Seattle School District . In a reversal of the 1954 Brown Decision, the United States Supreme Court ruled that public schools could not use race as a factor when assigning children to public schools. Given demographic shifts, globalization, economic instability, and ideological shifts, the reversal was expected. However, it is essential that policymakers, educators, and other stakeholders consider the impact of attending segregated schools on the achievement gap that continues to exist between minority groups and European Americans attending resegregated neighborhood schools. This book will focus on the test score gaps between African American and European American students. The achievement gaps between these two groups will be analyzed will be presented and elaborated. Additionally, the authors will analyze how changes in school characteristics such as: racial composition; school composition; school expenditures, and socio economic level of neighborhoods affect achievement gap trends in the Norfolk School District. An examination of the achievement gap trends in an urban school district will serve to better inform public policy and school reform efforts. The specific goals of this book are to describe the achievement gap between minority African-American students and European-American students in the Norfolk school district and to present strategies utilized by urban districts to narrow the gap. One unique feature of this book is that it provides a data-driven research-based analysis of the achievement gap between minority and European-American students.
Download or read book The Relationship Between Unit School District Instructional Expenditure Per Pupil and Academic Achievement written by Kenneth Earl Perkins and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Relationship Between Expenditure Per Pupil and Achievement in English written by Dean Ellsworth Fritze and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Reexamination of the Relationship Between Student Outcomes and School Expenditures written by Corrine Hansen Taylor and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Fiscal Effects of School Choice Programs on Public School Districts National Research written by Benjamin Scafidi and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this report, the author constructs the first ever estimates for each state and the District of Columbia of the short-run fixed costs of educating children in public schools. He endeavors to make cautious overestimates of these short-run fixed costs. The United States' average spending per student was $12,450 in 2008-09. The author estimates that 36 percent of these costs can be considered fixed costs in the short run. The remaining 64 percent, or $7,967 per student, are found to be variable costs, or costs that change with student enrollment. The implication of this finding is that a school choice program where less than $7,967 per student is redirected from a child's former public school to another school of his or her parents' choosing would actually improve the fiscal health of the average public school district. And, it would provide more resources for students who remain in public schools. New York has the highest estimate of short-run variable costs per student at $13,741 per student. Utah has the lowest, at $5,192 per student. The estimates of variable costs per student vary widely among states for two reasons. First, some states devote more taxpayer funding to public education. Second, some states spend much higher proportions of their education dollars on instruction (a variable cost) relative to other states. In the interest of creating an overestimate of fixed costs, this report treats the following as fixed costs in the short-run: expenditures on capital, interest, general administration, school administration, operations and maintenance, transportation, and "other" support services. The key question for this analysis is the following: If a significant number of students left a public school district for any reason from one year to the next, then is it feasible for the district to reduce some of its expenditures commensurate with the decrease in its student population? The answer that comes from analyzing the finances of large and small school districts that lost students is "yes." Both the large school districts and the small ones were able to reduce the combination of instructional and support expenses at a higher rate than the losses in students. Thus, these costs were variable, even in the short run. The rationale as to why a loss of students and the funding associated with those students could increase the performance of traditional public schools is twofold. First, a large number of empirical studies have found very large differences in teaching effectiveness across public school teachers. If public schools lose students and funding, they could choose to lay off the least effective teachers. The remaining students would be reassigned to more effective teachers, which would lead of a significant improvement in their academic achievement. Second, Chakrabarti (2007) has shown theoretically and empirically that when more money follows the child, the incentives are stronger for public school leaders to improve their schools. In Milwaukee, they did improve the public schools when there was an increase in the amount of money that followed voucher students to private schools. Appended are: (1) Definitions of Cost Categories in the Common Core of Data (CCD); and (2) Does Enhanced School Choice Cause Academic Harm to Students who Remain in Public Schools? (Contains 6 tables and 21 notes.).
