Download or read book RELATIONS VERTICALES ET POUVOIR AU SEIN DU CANAL DE DISTRIBUTION written by Pierre Sans (vétérinaire).) and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: L'OBJET DE CE TRAVAIL EST D'ETUDIER LA NATURE DES RELATIONS VERTICALES QUI UNISSENT DEUX CATEGORIES D'AGENTS D'UN CANAL DE DISTRIBUTION (LES FABRICANTS ET LES DISTRIBUTEURS) ET D'ANALYSER LES MODALITES ET EFFETS DE L'EXERCICE EVENTUEL D'UN POUVOIR PAR L'UNE D'ENTRE ELLES SUR L'AUTRE. UNE PREMIERE PARTIE EST CONSACREE A L'ANALYSE, EMPIRIQUE ET THEORIQUE, DE CES RELATIONS. L'AUTEUR RETRACE L'EVOLUTION DES RAPPORTS ENTRE CES DEUX CATEGORIES D'ACTEURS AU COURS DU XXEME SIECLE ET EN SOULIGNE LES MOTIFS. APRES AVOIR PRESENTE LES DEUX SECTEURS D'ACTIVITE QUI SONT L'OBJET DE L'ETUDE, LES APPORTS ET LES LIMITES DES DEUX PRINCIPAUX COURANTS D'ANALYSE DES RELATIONS VERTICALES AU SEIN D'UN CANAL DE DISTRIBUTION, LES APPROCHES ECONOMIQUES ET COMPORTEMENTALE, SONT EXPOSES. ENFIN, UN CADRE THEORIQUE, INSPIRE DU MODELE D'ECONOMIE POLITIQUE DES CANAUX, EST PROPOSE. IL SERT DE SUPPORT A LA RECHERCHE EMPIRIQUE DEVELOPPEE DANS UNE DEUXIEME PARTIE. ELLE EXPLOITE LES RESULTATS D'UNE ENQUETE DIRECTE MENEE AUPRES DES PRINCIPAUX OPERATEURS DE L'INDUSTRIE DE TRANSFORMATION DE LA VIANDE BOVINE FRANCAISE ET DE LA DISTRIBUTION MODERNE. ELLE MONTRE COMMENT LA STRUCTURE ET LES MODES DE FONCTIONNEMENT QUE CETTE DERNIERE MET EN PLACE CONDUISENT A UN CONTROLE ETROIT DES TRANSACTIONS. IL S'APPUIE SUR UNE CENTRALISATION CROISSANTE DU POUVOIR DE DECISION, UNE FORMALISATION DES BESOINS ET SUR LA MAIN MISE DU DISTRIBUTEUR SUR LA REALISATION DE FONCTIONS CONNEXES. IL CONSTITUE UN OUTIL DE REGULATION DE LA CONCURRENCE AU SEIN DU SECTEUR DE LA TRANSFORMATION. FACE AU LEADERSHIP DE L'OPERATEUR AVAL, LES INDUSTRIELS DEVELOPPENT DES STRATEGIES DE RESISTANCE, D'EVITEMENT OU DE COOPERATION DANS LE BUT DE REEQUILIBRER LE RAPPORT DE FORCE.

Download or read book Louis W Stern Les canaux de distribution written by Véronique DES GARETS and published by Éditions EMS. This book was released on 2016-05-19 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nous avons choisi de retracer ici trois grands thèmes. Stern se pose la question de la nécessité de contrôler les structures de marché par des politiques publiques (politiques antitrust et protection du consommateur) ; politiques soutenues par les tenants de l’économie industrielle (1). Il mène un nombre élevé de travaux concernant l’approche comportementale du canal. Ces travaux conduisent à une réflexion sur le pouvoir et le conflit dans les canaux de distribution (2). Enfin, nous développerons l’un des apports majeurs de Stern pour la recherche sur les canaux constitué par un modèle intégré de gestion du canal de distribution : le modèle d’économie politique des canaux pour lequel il a obtenu le prix du meilleur article en marketing paru en 1980 (prix Harold H. Maynard) (3).

Download or read book L co marketing vertical des constructeurs dans un canal de distribution invers e written by Bernd Philipp and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cette thèse s'interroge sur les fondements du leadership dans un type de canal négligé par la communauté scientifique, à savoir le canal de distribution inversée. Elle constate effectivement une dichotomie contemporaine entre la récente littérature en management environnemental et les contributions plus anciennes en distribution et marketing, notamment au niveau des variables comportementales. Notre problématique fait apparaître deux domaines majeurs : * les canaux de distribution inversée qui constituent un (nouveau) terrain, mais surtout une nouvelle sous-discipline en management, * le domaine relatif aux sources du leadership : le marketing certes, mais qui devrait être spécifié à plusieurs niveaux : son appartenance au management environnemental (éco-marketing), sa portée inter-entreprise (marketing relationnel, marketing vertical), son positionnement traditionnel autour d'autres sous-disciplines managériales (distribution ; comportement d'achat). S'inscrivant dans une démarche volontairement intégratrice, notre problématique traite ces domaines dans leur agencement. La question de recherche s'en déduit directement : "Par quelle stratégie verticale, les constructeurs pourraient-ils fonder, légitimer et maintenir le leadership sur le commerce dans un canal de distribution inversée (produits bureautiques-informatiques) ?" Face aux constats formulés ci-dessus et découlant du thème général, "le succès de l'éco-marketing vertical", nos objectifs (ou défis) de recherche incluent : - surmonter la dichotomie entre canaux de distribution et canaux de distribution inversée, en introduisant notamment les variables comportementales dans la distribution inversée, - dépasser le statut descriptif-compréhensif en distribution inversée : proposer et tester statistiquement un modèle au lieu de se contenter de créer des réseaux sémantiques et / ou des résultats purement qualitatifs. Au niveau méthodologique, nous identifions l'étude de cas comme la stratégie de recherche la plus adéquate pour les particularités de notre problématique, l'unité d'analyse étant "le leadership dans un canal inversé". L'intention étant : - de viser une généralisation globale de type théorique plutôt que statistique, - d'explorer un phénomène actuel et émergeant s'inscrivant dans les relations inter-organisationnelles, - de préférer une approche en profondeur, à fort degré de contextualisation (situativité). Cela nous exhorte à recourir à un seul cas lors du choix d'échantillon. "La garantie de recyclage SWICO" a été privilégiée en tant qu'objet empirique : concept de recyclage pionnier et novateur, il dispose également d'un fort potentiel de généralisation envers d'autres contextes (pays, secteurs industriels,...). Formalisé par une convention de stage, un séjour de recherche dans l'organisme d'accueil suisse "Commission Environnement SWICO" d'une durée totale de 7 mois nous a permis d'étudier un phénomène à l'intérieur d'un ensemble social (attitude emic). Nous définissons également une sous-entité d'analyse qui fait l'objet d'une analyse quantitative à l'intérieur de notre étude de cas : il s'agit du commerçant au sein de la "garantie de recyclage SWICO", l'échantillon portant sur 95 individus. Le caractère ambitieux de nos objectifs de recherche, touchant plusieurs sous-disciplines (ou domaines principaux), nécessite la mobilisation d'un appareillage théorique conséquent. Notre triangulation théorique repose sur trois sources principales : le modèle "stimulus - organisme - réaction", le modèle key mediating variables et le paradigme du marketing vertical. Elaboré conjointement par des fondements théoriques et par un séjour d'exploration à l'intérieur de notre objet empirique, notre modèle théorique est le résultat de plusieurs modes de raisonnement (ainsi que de plusieurs logiques propres à la recherche). Ainsi, le test d'hypothèses par analyses de régression multiple n'est que l'étape final [finale] de notre processus de recherche. Les résultats statistiques confirment le rôle important des variables clés confiance et engagement, tout en révélant une modification intéressante par rapport aux canaux traditionnels représentés par le modèle d'origine KMV. Nos résultats ne se limitent pas au seul processus interne de raisonnement du commerce ciblé, mais renvoient également aux points de départ actifs d'un éco-marketing vertical côté constructeurs.

Download or read book CONTRIBUTIONS A L ANALYSE DE LA PUISSANCE D ACHAT DANS LES RELATIONS VERTICALES written by Stéphane Caprice and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CETTE THESE A POUR OBJET L'ANALYSE DU ROLE DES MARQUES DE DISTRIBUTEURS DANS LES RELATIONS ENTRE LA GRANDE DISTRIBUTION ET LES PRODUCTEURS DE MARQUES D'AUDIENCE NATIONALE ET/OU INTERNATIONALE. LA PREMIERE PARTIE EST CENTREE SUR L'EXAMEN DU POUVOIR DE GRANDS DISTRIBUTEURS AVEC D'ABORD UNE PRESENTATION DES MODIFICATIONS APPORTEES EN FRANCE EN 1996 AU CADRE REGLEMENTAIRE APPLICABLE AUX RELATIONS PRODUCTEURS-DISTRIBUTEURS. CELLE-CI EST COMPLETEE PAR UNE ANALYSE JURISPRUDENTIELLE ET ECONOMIQUE DE LA PUISSANCE D'ACHAT. EST PRESENTE ENSUITE UN MODELE ORIGINAL QUI DEMONTRE COMMENT LES MARQUES DE DISTRIBUTION PEUVENT RENFORCER LA PUISSANCE D'ACHAT DES GRANDS DISTRIBUTEURS. LA SECONDE PARTIE INTRODUIT TOUT D'ABORD LA PROBLEMATIQUE DE LA DIFFERENCIATION ENTRE DISTRIBUTEURS ET ANALYSE LA PLACE DE CERTAINES PRATIQUES TELLES QUE L'INTEGRATION VERTICALE ET/OU LES CONTRATS D'EXCLUSIVITE DANS LA GRANDE DISTRIBUTION. IL S'AGIT DE MONTRER QUE CES PRATIQUES PEUVENT RELEVER D'UNE STRATEGIE DE DIFFERENCIATION ENDOGENE ENTRE LES DISTRIBUTEURS PAR LA GAMME DE PRODUITS OFFERTE. NOUS PRESENTONS ENSUITE UN MODELE QUI SERT DE BASE A CETTE ANALYSE. SELON LES DIFFERENTIELS DE COUTS ET DE QUALITE ENTRE MARQUE NATIONALE ET MARQUE PROPRE, LES GAMMES DE PRODUITS OFFERTES PAR LES DISTRIBUTEURS PEUVENT ETRE IDENTIQUES OU DIFFERENTES, COMPRENDRE OU NON UNE MARQUE NATIONALE ET COMPRENDRE OU NON UNE MARQUE PROPRE. IL APPARAIT QUE LA PRESENCE DE MARQUES PROPRES RENFORCE LA PUISSANCE DES DISTRIBUTEURS FACE A UN PRODUCTEUR DE MARQUE NATIONALE. A L'INVERSE, LA NOTORIETE D'UNE MARQUE CONTREBALANCE LA PUISSANCE DES ACHETEURS. POUR CLORE CETTE THESE EST MENEE UNE ANALYSE DE LA PUISSANCE D'ACHAT EN TERMES DE CHOIX DE PRODUITS, PAR LE BIAIS DE L'INTEGRATION VERTICALE ET/OU DE L'EXCLUSIVITE. CELLE-CI NOUS PERMET DE FOURNIR UNE GRILLE D'ANALYSE THEORIQUE MAIS EGALEMENT JURISPRUDENTIELLE DE CES PRATIQUES.

Download or read book Market definition and market power in the platform economy written by Jens-Uwe Franck and published by Centre on Regulation in Europe asbl (CERRE). This book was released on 2019-05-08 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the rise of digital platforms and the natural tendency of markets involving platforms to become concentrated, competition authorities and courts are more frequently in a position to investigate and decide merger and abuse cases that involve platforms. This report provides guidance on how to define markets and on how to assess market power when dealing with two-sided platforms. DEFINITION Competition authorities and courts are well advised to uniformly use a multi-markets approach when defining markets in the context of two-sided platforms. The multi-markets approach is the more flexible instrument compared to the competing single-market approach that defines a single market for both sides of a platform, as the former naturally accounts for different substitution possibilities by the user groups on the two sides of the platform. While one might think of conditions under which a single-market approach could be feasible, the necessary conditions are so severe that it would only be applicable under rare circumstances. To fully appreciate business activities in platform markets from a competition law point of view, and to do justice to competition law’s purpose, which is to protect consumer welfare, the legal concept of a “market” should not be interpreted as requiring a price to be paid by one party to the other. It is not sufficient to consider the activities on the “unpaid side” of the platform only indirectly by way of including them in the competition law analysis of the “paid side” of the platform. Such an approach would exclude certain activities and ensuing positive or negative effects on consumer welfare altogether from the radar of competition law. Instead, competition practice should recognize straightforwardly that there can be “markets” for products offered free of charge, i.e. without monetary consideration by those who receive the product. ASSESSMENT The application of competition law often requires an assessment of market power. Using market shares as indicators of market power, in addition to all the difficulties in standard markets, raises further issues for two-sided platforms. When calculating revenue shares, the only reasonable option is to use the sum of revenues on all sides of the platform. Then, such shares should not be interpreted as market shares as they are aggregated over two interdependent markets. Large revenue shares appear to be a meaningful indicator of market power if all undertakings under consideration serve the same sides. However, they are often not meaningful if undertakings active in the relevant markets follow different business models. Given potentially strong cross-group external effects, market shares are less apt in the context of two-sided platforms to indicate market power (or the lack of it). Barriers to entry are at the core of persistent market power and, thus, the entrenchment of incumbent platforms. They deserve careful examination by competition authorities. Barriers to entry may arise due to users’ coordination failure in the presence of network effect. On two-sided platforms, users on both sides of the market have to coordinate their expectations. Barriers to entry are more likely to be present if an industry does not attract new users and if it does not undergo major technological change. Switching costs and network effects may go hand in hand: consumer switching costs sometimes depend on the number of platform users and, in this case, barriers to entry from consumer switching costs increase with platform size. Since market power is related to barriers to entry, the absence of entry attempts may be seen as an indication of market power. However, entry threats may arise from firms offering quite different services, as long as they provide a new home for users’ attention and needs.

Download or read book Handbook of Organizational Communication written by Fredric M. Jablin and published by SAGE Publications, Incorporated. This book was released on 1987-09-01 with total page 792 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organizational communication is a rapidly evolving field of communication studies. How has it developed over the last decade? How do the pioneers of the discipline see its future? The Handbook of Organizational Communication brings you up-to-date with the latest advances in this exciting field. Leading scholars review and synthesize important developments in research and theory. They also suggest future directions for research.

Download or read book Bourdieu and Literature written by John R. W. Speller and published by Open Book Publishers. This book was released on 2011 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bourdieu and Literature is a wide-ranging, rigorous and accessible introduction to the relationship between Pierre Bourdieu's work and literary studies. It provides a comprehensive overview and critical assessment of his contributions to literary theory and his thinking about authors and literary works. One of the foremost French intellectuals of the post-war era, Bourdieu has become a standard point of reference in the fields of anthropology, linguistics, art history, cultural studies, politics, and sociology, but his longstanding interest in literature has often been overlooked. This study explores the impact of literature on Bourdieu's intellectual itinerary, and how his literary understanding intersected with his sociological theory and thinking about cultural policy. This is the first full-length study of Bourdieu's work on literature in English, and it provides an invaluable resource for students and scholars of literary studies, cultural theory and sociology.

Download or read book Coal Tar Creosote written by C. Melber and published by WHO. This book was released on 2004 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On cover: IPCS International Programme on Chemical Safety. Published under the joint sponsorship of the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour Organization and the World Health Organization, and produced within the framework of the Inter-organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals (IOMC)

Download or read book Sustainable Urban Logistics Concepts Methods and Information Systems written by Jesus Gonzalez-Feliu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-09-07 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the 1990’s, researchers, practitioners and public administrations have given more thought to urban logistics. However, their interests and goals are not the same, and several approaches do not produce efficient logistics systems as a result. This book aims to provide both a conceptual framework for urban logistics planning and management and to create a basis for deploying solutions that aim to reduce the main nuisances related to urban goods. The proposed book is divided in two parts. The first proposes a set of methodological chapters, written by key authors, which aim to support decision makers in their current choices related to urban logistics. In addition to public authorities’ aims and goals, the book highlights the importance of private actors, and shows how supply chain management can deal with the problems of the last urban mile and its integration in global logistics chains. The second presents several applied research works that deal with current planning and practice issues in urban logistics, such as the role of city planning, the place of night deliveries in carrier organization, the limits of logistics pooling, and the real estate market, among others. The book was written by key authors, all having considerable research experience and recognised as experts in their respective fields. Each chapter presents methods and results of research works, written for a broad audience, and more precisely directed to both academics and practitioners.

Download or read book The Social Construction of Technological Systems written by Wiebe E. Bijker and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1989 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The impact of technology on society is clear and unmistakeable. The influence of society on technology is more subtle. The 13 essays in this book have been written by a diverse group of scholars united by a common interest in creating a new field - the sociology of technology. They draw on a wide array of case studies - from cooking stoves to missile systems, from 15th-century Portugal to today's Al labs - to outline an original research program based on a synthesis of ideas from the social studies of science and the history of technology. Together they affirm the need for a study of technology that gives equal weight to technical, social, economic, and political questions"--Back cover.

Download or read book The J Paul Getty Museum Journal written by The J. Paul Getty Museum and published by Getty Publications. This book was released on 1993-02-11 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The J. Paul Getty Museum Journal has been published annually since 1974. It contains scholarly articles and shorter notes pertaining to objects in the Museum’s seven curatorial departments: Antiquities, Manuscripts, Paintings, Drawings, Decorative Arts, Sculpture and Works of Art, and Photographs. The Journal includes an illustrated checklist of the Museum’s acquisitions for the precious year, a staff listing, and a statement by the Museum’s director outlining the year’s most important activities. Volume 20 of the J. Paul Getty Museum Journal contains an index to volumes 1 to 20 and includes articles by John Walsh, Carl Brandon Strehlke, Barbara Bohen, Kelly Pask, Suzanne Lewis, Elizabeth Pilliod, Anne Ratzki-Kraatz, Sharon K. Shore, Linda A. Strauss, Brian Considine, Arie Wallert, Richard Rand, And Jacky De Veer-Langezaal.

Download or read book Nature and Society written by Philippe Descola and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2003-12-16 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The contributors to this book focus on the relationship between nature and society from a variety of theoretical and ethnographic perspectives. Their work draws upon recent developments in social theory, biology, ethnobiology, epistemology, sociology of science, and a wide array of ethnographic case studies -- from Amazonia, the Solomon Islands, Malaysia, the Mollucan Islands, rural comunities from Japan and north-west Europe, urban Greece, and laboratories of molecular biology and high-energy physics. The discussion is divided into three parts, emphasising the problems posed by the nature-culture dualism, some misguided attempts to respond to these problems, and potential avenues out of the current dilemmas of ecological discourse.

Download or read book Water Management in Ancient Civilizations written by Jonas Berking and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Preservation of Archives in Tropical Climates written by René Teygeler and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Economic Sanctions in International Law and Practice written by Masahiko Asada and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-11-07 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing perspectives from a range of experts, including international lawyers, political scientists, and practitioners, this book assesses current theory and practice of economic sanctions, discussing current legal and political challenges faced by the international community. It examines both the implementation of sanctions by major powers – the United States, the European Union, and Japan – as well as assessing the impact of those sanctions through case studies of Russia, Iran, Syria, and North Korea. Balancing theoretical analysis of legal considerations with national and regional level empirical analysis, it also includes coverage of sanctions issues by the UN Security Council and the EU, as well as the extraterritorial application of sanctions. A valuable reference for academics and practitioners, Economic Sanctions in International Law and Practice will be useful to those working in the fields of international law, diplomacy, and international political economy.

Download or read book Heritage Sites of Astronomy and Archaeoastronomy in the Context of the UNESCO World Heritage Convention written by Clive L. N. Ruggles and published by . This book was released on 2017-11-30 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This joint venture between ICOMOS, the advisory body to UNESCO on cultural sites, and the International Astronomical Union is the second volume in an ongoing exploration of themes and issues relating to astronomical heritage in particular and to science and technology heritage in general. It examines a number of key questions relating to astronomical heritage sites and their potential recognition as World Heritage, attempting to identify what might constitute "outstanding universal value" in relation to astronomy. "Heritage Sites of Astronomy and Archaeoastronomy--Volume 2" represents the culmination of several years' work to address some of the most challenging issues raised in the first ICOMOS-IAU Thematic Study, published in 2010. These include the recognition and preservation of the value of dark skies at both cultural and natural sites and landscapes; balancing archaeoastronomical considerations in the context of broader archaeological and cultural values; the potential for serial nominations; and management issues such as preserving the integrity of astronomical sightlines through the landscape.Its case studies are developed in greater depth than those in volume 1, and generally structured as segments of draft nomination dossiers. They include seven-stone antas (prehistoric dolmens) in Portugal and Spain, the thirteen towers of Chankillo in Peru, the astronomical timing of irrigation in Oman, Pic du Midi de Bigorre Observatory in France, Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, and Aoraki-Mackenzie International Dark Sky Reserve in New Zealand. A case study on Stonehenge, already a World Heritage Site, focuses on preserving the integrity of the solstitial sightlines.As for the first ICOMOS-IAU Thematic Study, a international team of authors including historians, astronomers and heritage professionals is led by Professor Clive Ruggles for the IAU and Professor Michel Cotte for ICOMOS.

Download or read book State and Economy in Ancient Egypt written by David Warburton and published by Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. This book was released on 1997 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Combining philological investigation and theoretical reasoning, this book offers a completely new interpretation of the economic role of the state in ancient Egypt. The first part provides background outlining the relevance of Keynes General Theory to the ancient Egyptian economy. The central part uses ancient Egyptian texts as the foundation of an analysis of words commonly assumed to relate to taxation during the New Kingdom (c. 15401070 B.C.E.). The conclusions summarize the philological results and explore the role of the temples in the ancient Egyptian state during the New Kingdom. The result places ancient Egyptian taxation and state economic activity in a market context, opening a new path to the understanding of the ancient Egyptian economy based on an analysis of primary sources.