Download or read book Relating Plant Spatial Pattern Plant Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function to Management Practices in Experimental Restored Wetlands written by Erika Brandt and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the effects of management practices on shifting relationships between structure and function over the course of ecosystem development should be a central goal of ecosystem restoration. Yet many of these relationships, such as those between plant biodiversity, spatial pattern of vegetation and community metabolism, remain poorly understood. In a decade-long experiment, we investigated the impact of different initial planting treatments and of nutrient enrichment on relationships among plant biodiversity, plant spatial pattern, and ecosystem function in restored wetland ecosystems. In 2003, six identical and hydrologically-isolated 0.18 ha experimental wetland "cells" were constructed in marginal farmland in northeast Ohio. Cells were subjected to one of three initial planting and management treatments, which were later simplified into two treatment groups. In 2010 and 2011, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers were applied to one cell from each of the three treatments to simulate agricultural run-off. Changes and differences in ecosystem function were assessed by measuring aquatic community metabolism, above ground biomass, soil organic matter, and nutrient concentrations. Structure was characterized through annual plant biodiversity inventories and aerial photographs of plant cover that were analyzed to quantify vegetation spatial patterns. We found significant relationships among plant biodiversity, plant spatial pattern, and planting treatments. We observed significant and sustained differences in plant biodiversity, resulting from both planting treatment and habitat attributes of cells. Relationships between ecosystem function and both biodiversity and spatial pattern were more ambiguous. We found no direct relationships between biodiversity or spatial metrics and any measures of ecosystem function. These findings support the importance of initial wetland structure in achieving plant biodiversity in restored wetlands, but provide little additional evidence that species diversity has a major effect on nutrient retention, primary productivity, or soil organic matter in restored wetland systems. Over multiple years, biodiversity metrics correlated positively with spatial metrics, including mean patch shape complexity and contagion. This suggests that restored wetland landscapes comprised of patches with complex shapes (high edge-to-area ratios) that are highly clumped are home to a more diverse array of plant species. Links between biodiversity and spatial pattern suggest that aerial imagery may provide wetland managers with a robust tool for assessing plant biodiversity.
Download or read book The Role of Plant Functional Diversity and Soil Amendments in Regulating Plant Biomass and Soil Biogeochemistry in Restored Wetland Ecosystems in the North Carolina Piedmont written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human actions have led to the destruction or degradation of natural habitats in virtually all parts of the Earth. Ecosystem restoration is one method to mitigate the effects of habitat loss. But restoration ecology is a young discipline and there is much left to be learned about how to effectively restore ecosystem functioning. This dissertation examines how soil amendments and planted herbaceous species diversity affect the restoration of ecosystem functions in wetlands, while also testing basic ecological questions that help us understand ecosystem function. Using data from the greenhouse and from the biodiversity and ecosystem function field experiment in Duke Forest, in Durham, NC, I examine how plant trait diversity, average plant traits, and environmental conditions influence nitrogen (N) removal from restored wetlands. Field data collected from a restored wetland in Charlotte, NC, enables me to examine how soil organic amendments influence the development of soil properties, processes, and plant communities. Finally, combining field data from both sites, I compare how soil properties influence denitrification potential in both restored wetlands. One unanswered question in the research relating biodiversity and ecosystem function is whether species diversity or species traits are more important drivers of ecosystem function. The first portion of my dissertation poses several hypotheses about how plant traits, plant trait diversity (calculated as a multivariate measure of plant trait diversity), and environmental conditions are likely to influence two ecosystem functions, biomass N and denitrification potential (DEA), and then examines these hypotheses in a restored wetland in the Piedmont of N.C. Using multiple linear regression, I demonstrate that functional diversity (FD), of traits important for plant growth had no effect on biomass N, but two plant traits, leaf area distribution ratio (LADR) and water use efficiency (WUE), had strong negative effects. Soil.
Download or read book Spatial Pattern Analysis in Plant Ecology written by Mark R. T. Dale and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2000-08-15 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A review and evaluation of the analysis methods for studying spatial pattern in vegetation.
Download or read book Plant Diversity Patterns and Drivers written by Qing Zhang and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-09-20 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biodiversity can provide a series of important ecosystem functions and ecosystem services, which meet the needs of human beings. Plants are the biological group with the highest carbon content on earth, their diversity has attracted increased attention. The interpretation of plant diversity patterns and drivers is crucial for the conservation and utilization of plant resources and is also one of the hot topics in plant science and ecology. There are already many studies on the patterns and drivers of plant diversity, including different diversity dimensions (e.g., taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity) and spatial scales (different plots/sites, watershed, country, continent, and globe). The mechanisms underlying plant diversity patterns are also quite complex. For example, many hypotheses are related to contemporary climate and soil conditions, with temperature, precipitation, and soil nutrient being the most discussed drivers. In addition, paleoclimate and geological events may also have a strong legacy on current plant diversity patterns. Except for these natural factors, many anthropogenic activities, including agriculture, deforestation, grazing, urbanization, and coal mining, are also important drivers of plant diversity. These anthropogenic activities can affect plant diversity patterns not only directly, but also indirectly through their effects on habitat loss and habitat fragmentation. Therefore, the current plant diversity patterns are the result of many interacting factors and need to be interpreted from a more comprehensive perspective. This Research Topic will therefore provide a platform for sufficient communication, aiming to integrate the research from different fields and deepen the understanding of the patterns and drivers of plant diversity. We encourage the submission of theoretical and experimental studies on different plant groups, such as seed plants, ferns, mosses, and algae. Studies based on new methods and technology (such as genomics and drones) are also welcomed. We welcome the following specific topics: • Effects of historical factors (such as paleoclimate, geological events) on plant diversity; • Plant diversity that driven by contemporary climate and anthropogenic activities; • The effect of habitat loss and fragmentation on plant diversity; • New methods of research on the patterns and drivers of plant diversity.
Download or read book Theories Methods and Practices of Wetland Degradation and Restoration written by Zhenguo Niu and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-07-07 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Wetlands written by William J. Mitsch and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-08-24 with total page 675 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Praise for the previous editions of Wetlands: "Wetlands, the field of study, would not be what it is without Wetlands, the book." ——Bill Streever, Wetlands, 2001 "The Third Edition of this highly successful book manages to set new standards in presentation and content to confirm its place as the first point of reference for those working or studying wetlands." ——Chris Bradley, University of Birmingham, UK, Regulated Rivers: Research and Management "This book is the wetlands bible...the most wide-ranging [book] on the subject." ——Carl Folke, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Land Use Policy "The single best combination text and reference book on wetland ecology." ——Joseph S. Larson, University of Massachusetts, Journal of Environmental Quality "First on my list of references to recommend to someone new to wetland policy management or science." ——Jay A. Leitch, North Dakota State University, Water Resources Bulletin For more than two decades, William Mitsch and James Gosselink's Wetlands has been the premier reference on wetlands for ecologists, land use planners, and water resource managers worldwide—a comprehensive compendium of the state of knowledge in wetland science, management, and restoration. Now Mitsch and Gosselink bring their classic book up to date with substantial new information and a streamlined text supplemented with a support web site. This new Fourth Edition maintains the authoritative quality of its predecessors while offering such revisions as: Refocused coverage on the three main parts of the book: 1. An introduction to the extent, definitions, and general features of wetlands of the world; 2. Wetland science; and 3. Wetland management. New chapter on climate change and wetlands that introduces the student to the roles that wetlands have in climate change and impact that climate change has on wetlands. Increased international coverage, including wetlands of Mexico and Central America, the Congolian Swamp and Sine Saloum Delta of Africa, the Western Siberian Lowlands, the Mesopotamian Marshland restoration in Iraq, and the wetland parks of Asia such as Xixi National Wetland Park in eastern China and Gandau Nature Park in Taipei, Taiwan. This expanded coverage is illustrated with over 50 wetland photographs from around the world. Several hundred new refer?ences for further reading, up-to-date data, and the latest research findings. Over 35 new info boxes and sidebars provide essential background information to concepts being presented and case studies of wetland restoration and treatment in practice.
Download or read book Treatise on Estuarine and Coastal Science written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-03-06 with total page 4604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of estuaries and coasts has seen enormous growth in recent years, since changes in these areas have a large effect on the food chain, as well as on the physics and chemistry of the ocean. As the coasts and river banks around the world become more densely populated, the pressure on these ecosystems intensifies, putting a new focus on environmental, socio-economic and policy issues. Written by a team of international expert scientists, under the guidance of Chief Editors Eric Wolanski and Donald McClusky, the Treatise on Estuarine and Coastal Science, Ten Volume Set examines topics in depth, and aims to provide a comprehensive scientific resource for all professionals and students in the area of estuarine and coastal science Most up-to-date reference for system-based coastal and estuarine science and management, from the inland watershed to the ocean shelf Chief editors have assembled a world-class team of volume editors and contributing authors Approach focuses on the physical, biological, chemistry, ecosystem, human, ecological and economics processes, to show how to best use multidisciplinary science to ensure earth's sustainability Provides a comprehensive scientific resource for all professionals and students in the area of estuarine and coastal science Features up-to-date chapters covering a full range of topics
Download or read book Wetlands Ecosystem Services Restoration and Wise Use written by Shuqing An and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-07-04 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume explores major wetland ecosystem services, such as climate cooling and water quality improvement, and discusses the recent wetland conservation and restoration activities in China and neighboring countries. The role of wetlands in either cooling or warming the climate is analyzed as the net balance between carbon sequestration and emissions of methane and nitrous oxide. Wetlands start off having a net warming effect on the climate but in time switch to net cooling. Further, they remove 40% of the N and P from run-off and groundwater flow in agricultural areas, but wetlands need to amount to 10% of the total catchment area to make a difference. Reflecting on the recent large investment in wetland ecological studies in China and neighboring countries, the book addresses invasive species in coastal wetlands as well as the protection and wise use of tidal flats around the Yellow Sea. It also presents promising regional case studies on wetland restoration. The book is intended for academics, students and practitioners in the field of wetland ecology, management and restoration, as well as consultants and professionals working in conservation, wise use and environmental policy.
Download or read book Wetland Plants written by Julie K. Cronk and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-06-13 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A detailed account of the biology and ecology of vascular wetland plants and their applications in wetland plant science, Wetland Plants: Biology and Ecology presents a synthesis of wetland plant studies and reviews from biology, physiology, evolution, genetics, community and population ecology, environmental science, and engineering. It provides a thorough discussion of the range of wetland plants adaptations to conditions such as life in water or saturated soils, high salt or high sulfur, as well as low light and low carbon dioxide levels. The authors include the latest research on the development of plant communities in newly restored or created wetlands and on the use of wetland plants as indicators of ecological integrity and of wetland boundaries. Over 140 figures, including over 70 original photographs, allow you to visualize the concepts, 40 tables give you easy access to definitions and data, and international examples provide you with a broad base of information. The growing consensus in wetlands literature and research suggests that methods are needed to assess the ecological health or integrity of wetlands, to set goals for wetland restoration, and to track the status and trends of wetlands. Wetland plants are emerging as important indicators, and becoming an important part of this research. Wetland Plants: Biology and Ecology contains up-to-date information on this increasingly important area in wetlands technology.
Download or read book Causes and Consequences of Plant Spatial Patterns in Natural and Experimental Great Basin Plant Communities written by Andrew P. Rayburn and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The processes by which plant spatial patterns are formed, and the effects of those patterns on plant community dynamics, remain important areas of research in plant ecology. Plant spatial pattern formation has been linked to many ecological processes that act to structure plant communities at different spatiotemporal scales. Past studies of pattern formation are common, but recent methodological advances in data collection and analysis have permitted researchers to conduct more advanced observational studies of pattern formation in space and time. While studies of the effects of plant spatial patterns were formally rare, they have increased in the last decade as new types of experiments and analysis have been developed to better understand the myriad effects of plant patterns on community dynamics. My dissertation research examined both the causes and consequences of plant spatial patterns in the context of natural and experimental Great Basin semi-arid plant communities. In both cases, I implemented novel methodologies for data collection, experimental design, and data analysis in an attempt to address iv current gaps in knowledge related to the processes by which plant spatial patterns are formed, as well as the effect of plant spatial patterns on community dynamics. The results inform both basic and applied plant ecology, and set the stage for further research on the causes and consequences of plant spatial patterns in semi-arid plant communities.
Download or read book Temporal and spatial patterns of vegetation dynamics written by J. Miles and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sage Grouse Habitat Restoration Symposium Proceedings written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Diversity and Function from the Ground Up written by Serena Maria Moseman and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant-dependent functions of coastal wetlands are strongly influenced by nitrogen availability. Diazotrophs, microbes that fix nitrogen, in surface sediments and rhizospheres (roots and surrounding sediments) of plants may fundamentally affect wetland ecosystems. In testing roles of nitrogen fixing microbes in niche differentiation between two key plants, Spartina foliosa and Salicornia virginica, a mensurative experiment reveals plant-specific diel patterns of nitrogen fixation (acetylene reduction). Functional disparities in nitrogen fixation rates between late- and early-successional salt marshes in Tijuana Estuary (1 pair) and Venice lagoon, Italy (2 pairs) also show roles of diazotrophs in facilitating marsh development. Nitrogen fixation rates are consistently greater in marshes with less plant growth, which is not always a function of marsh age. Fates of fixed nitrogen are tested in isotopic enrichment experiments within an early successional marsh (Tijuana Estuary). Newly fixed nitrogen reaches S. foliosa roots and several animal consumers within 3-8 days. Thus, nitrogen fixation has broad significance for wetland ecosystem function. The role of diazotroph diversity in enhancing or conferring stability to the nitrogen fixation (acetylene reduction) rates was tested in wetlands experiencing biological invasion, restoration, and sediment and nutrient stresses, via genetic fingerprinting (T-RFLP) of the nifH gene (coding dinitrogenase reductase). The invasive mussel, Musculista senhousia, salt cedar, Tamarix spp., and mangrove, Avicennia marina each produced different effects on nitrogen fixation rates, despite maintenance of diazotroph diversity. In the early successional marsh at Tijuana Estuary, positive relationships among diazotroph diversity, nitrogen fixation rates, and S. foliosa height during one season of plant growth (Fall) demonstrate context-dependent complementarity. Effects of anthropogenic nutrient and sediment loading on nitrogen-fixing microbes are tested by field manipulations. Ammonium nitrate additions decrease nitrogen fixation rates but increase diversity of surface diazotrophs within 17 days, while sediment inputs enhanced and prolonged ammonium concentrations. As nitrogen fixation is highly responsive to the range of explored environmental changes, concepts of functional redundancy may not easily extend to microbial realms. Wetland management should more fully consider the role of plant-microbe interactions in mediating ecosystem functional responses to future global changes.
Download or read book Coastal Wetlands Dynamics written by Nicoletta Leonardi and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-04-05 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Wetland Ecosystems written by William J. Mitsch and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-04-13 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New focused text introduces readers to wetland ecosystems and systems approaches to studying wetlands With its comprehensive coverage of wetland science, management, and restoration, Mitsch and Gosselink's Wetlands has been the premier reference on wetlands for more than two decades. Now, the coverage of specific wetland ecosystem types from earlier editions of this acclaimed work has been updated, revised, and supplemented with additional content in order to create this new text focusing exclusively on wetland ecosystems. This book now complements Wetlands, Fourth Edition. Following an introduction to ecosystems in general and wetland ecosystems in particular, Wetland Ecosystems examines the major types of wetlands found throughout the world: coastal wetlands, freshwater marshes and forested swamps, and peatlands. The final chapter reviews three fundamental systems approaches to studying wetlands: mesocosms, full-scale experimental ecosystems, and mathematical modeling. This new text features: Updated descriptions of the hydrology, biogeochemistry, and biology of the main types of wetlands found in the world New content introducing general ecosystems, wetland ecosystems, whole ecosystem and mesocosm experiments with wetlands, and systems ecology and modeling A detailed description of the ecosystem services provided by wetlands A broad international scope, including many examples of wetlands located outside North America Two new coauthors offering new perspectives and additional insights into the latest ecosystem and modeling techniques An abundance of illustrations helps readers understand how different biological communities and the abiotic environment in wetland ecosystems interact and function. Tables and text boxes provide at-a-glance summaries of key information. Lastly, each chapter concludes with a list of recommended readings. This text has been designed as an introduction for students and professionals in wetland ecology and management, general ecology, environmental science, and natural resource management.
Download or read book The Relationship Between Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function in a Coastal Wetland written by Megan Fitzgerald and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Despite reductions in species diversity, few studies in wetlands investigate the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem function (BEF). My research explores the BEF relationship in a recently restored salt marsh in Long Beach, California. I hypothesized that: (1) increasing plant diversity would result in higher primary productivity and decreased recruitment of native salt marsh plants, (2) observed variation in responses would be correlated with species-specific variation in individual demographic parameters, and (3) variation in demographic parameters and resulting ecosystem processes would be correlated with functional traits. I found that while survival over one year was correlated with elevation, overall percent cover and recruit species richness were positively affected by diversity. Performance patterns reveal variation by species in photosynthetic rate, leaf mass per area and chlorophyll a/b ratios. After one year, I found that the overall diversity patterns were driven by selection effect compared to complementarity.
Download or read book Spatial Pattern Analysis in Plant Ecology written by Mark Randall Thomas Dale and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
