Download or read book Regulatory Networks and Genetic Circuitry in Embryonic Stem Cells written by Katarina Petrovic and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Cell Biology of Stem Cells written by Eran Meshorer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-01-11 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stem cells have been gaining a lot of attention in recent years. Their unique potential to self-renew and differentiate has turned them into an attractive model for the study of basic biological questions such as cell division, replication, transcription, cell fate decisions, and more. With embryonic stem (ES) cells that can generate each cell type in the mammalian body and adult stem cells that are able to give rise to the cells within a given lineage, basic questions at different developmental stages can be addressed. Importantly, both adult and embryonic stem cells provide an excellent tool for cell therapy, making stem cell research ever more pertinent to regenerative medicine. As the title The Cell Biology of Stem Cells suggests, our book deals with multiple aspects of stem cell biology, ranging from their basic molecular characteristics to the in vivo stem cell trafficking of adult stem cells and the adult stem-cell niche, and ends with a visit to regeneration and cell fate reprogramming. In the first chapter, “Early embryonic cell fate decisions in the mouse”, Amy Ralson and Yojiro Yamanaka describe the mechanisms that support early developmental decisions in the mouse pre-implantation embryo and the current understanding of the source of the most immature stem cell types, which includes ES cells, trophoblast stem (TS) cells and extraembryonic endoderm stem (XEN) cells.

Download or read book Regulatory Networks in Stem Cells written by Vinagolu K. Rajasekhar and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-03-04 with total page 590 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stem cells appear to be fundamental cellular units associated with the origin of multicellular organisms and have evolved to function in safeguarding the cellular homeostasis in organ t- sues. The characteristics of stem cells that distinguish them from other cells have been the fascinating subjects of stem cell research. The important properties of stem cells, such as ma- tenance of quiescence, self-renewal capacity, and differentiation potential, have propelled this exciting ?eld and presently form a common theme of research in developmental biology and medicine. The derivation of pluripotent embryonic stem cells, the prospective identi?cation of multipotent adult stem cells, and, more recently, the induced pluripotent stem cells (popularly called iPS) are important milestones in the arena of stem cell biology. Complex networks of transcription factors, different signaling molecules, and the interaction of genetic and epi- netic events constantly modulate stem cell behavior to evoke programming and reprogramming processes in normal tissue homeostasis during development. In any given cellular scenario, the regulatory networks can pose considerable complexity and yet exert an orderly control of stem cell differentiation during normal development. An aberration in these ?nely tuned processes during development usually results in a spectrum of diseases such as cancers and neurological disorders. Thisunderscorestheimminentneedforamorecompleteunderstandingofmolecular mechanisms underlying the regulatory circuitries required for stem cell maintenance. Overthepast3–5years,adiversegroupofbenchandphysicianscientistshaveprospectively enhanced our knowledge of stem cell biology. These studies are unveiling many unrecognized or previously unknown fundamentals of developmental biology.

Download or read book The Science and Applications of Synthetic and Systems Biology written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-12-30 with total page 570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many potential applications of synthetic and systems biology are relevant to the challenges associated with the detection, surveillance, and responses to emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. On March 14 and 15, 2011, the Institute of Medicine's (IOM's) Forum on Microbial Threats convened a public workshop in Washington, DC, to explore the current state of the science of synthetic biology, including its dependency on systems biology; discussed the different approaches that scientists are taking to engineer, or reengineer, biological systems; and discussed how the tools and approaches of synthetic and systems biology were being applied to mitigate the risks associated with emerging infectious diseases. The Science and Applications of Synthetic and Systems Biology is organized into sections as a topic-by-topic distillation of the presentations and discussions that took place at the workshop. Its purpose is to present information from relevant experience, to delineate a range of pivotal issues and their respective challenges, and to offer differing perspectives on the topic as discussed and described by the workshop participants. This report also includes a collection of individually authored papers and commentary.

Download or read book Mapping the Core Regulatory Circuitry of Embryonic Stem Cells written by Sarah E. Johnstone and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Embryonic stem (ES) cells are of tremendous biological interest because they have the capacity, termed pluripotency, to generate any cell type of the adult organism. Our lab is interested in understanding the genetic circuitry that governs pluripotency. For my thesis work I have contributed to a team effort to deduce the transcriptional regulatory circuitry of ES cells. This collaborative effort first sought to define the genes that are regulated by the key pluripotency regulators, Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog. We then determined the genes targeted by the Polycomb Repressive Complex in ES cells. These datasets allowed us to define the core transcriptional regulatory circuitry for these cells and demonstrated that pluripotency is mediated through the repression of developmental regulators. Finally, an effort to understand how Wnt signaling modifies this circuitry led to the discovery that the Wnt signaling component Tcf3 is a core component of the transcriptional regulatory circuitry and serves to repress the pluripotency regulators, contributing to the balance between pluripotency and differentiation.

Download or read book Stem Cell Bioengineering written by Biju Parekkadan and published by Artech House. This book was released on 2009 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In stem cell research there are several key methods that, once mastered, can be extremely powerful. These methods enable you to rigorously test hypotheses, compare results to "gold standards," and may even spur improvements to existing protocols. This book describes numerous methods to derive, manipulate, target, and prepare stem cells for clinical use. The methods described here help you derive and test human embryonic stem cells, analyze bone marrow stem cell function in vitro and in vivo, image a stem cell transplant, cryopreserve stem cells and differentiate stem cells using microscale tec.

Download or read book Regulation of Gene Expression and Cell State in Embryonic Stem Cells written by Jamie Jennifer Newman and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cell state is established and maintained through the combined action of transcription factors, chromatin regulators and signaling pathways, which all contribute to a transcriptional regulatory circuitry. Embryonic stem (ES) cells are capable of self-renewal and can give rise to nearly all differentiated cell-types, making them an ideal system in which to address the challenges of understanding gene expression and cell state. Valuable insights into the control of cell state have been revealed by recent studies of the ES cell transcriptional regulatory circuitry. Here I present work contributing to the understanding of transcriptional regulatory mechanisms that control ES cell state, specifically signaling pathways and proteins that affect chromatin structure.

Download or read book Genomic Control Process written by Isabelle S. Peter and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-01-21 with total page 461 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genomic Control Process explores the biological phenomena around genomic regulatory systems that control and shape animal development processes, and which determine the nature of evolutionary processes that affect body plan. Unifying and simplifying the descriptions of development and evolution by focusing on the causality in these processes, it provides a comprehensive method of considering genomic control across diverse biological processes. This book is essential for graduate researchers in genomics, systems biology and molecular biology seeking to understand deep biological processes which regulate the structure of animals during development. Covers a vast area of current biological research to produce a genome oriented regulatory bioscience of animal life Places gene regulation, embryonic and postembryonic development, and evolution of the body plan in a unified conceptual framework Provides the conceptual keys to interpret a broad developmental and evolutionary landscape with precise experimental illustrations drawn from contemporary literature Includes a range of material, from developmental phenomenology to quantitative and logic models, from phylogenetics to the molecular biology of gene regulation, from animal models of all kinds to evidence of every relevant type Demonstrates the causal power of system-level understanding of genomic control process Conceptually organizes a constellation of complex and diverse biological phenomena Investigates fundamental developmental control system logic in diverse circumstances and expresses these in conceptual models Explores mechanistic evolutionary processes, illuminating the evolutionary consequences of developmental control systems as they are encoded in the genome

Download or read book Computational Biology of Embryonic Stem Cells written by Ming Zhan and published by Bentham Science Publishers. This book was released on 2012-08-10 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Computational biology in combination with large-scale biology has played a critical role in exploring the great potentials of embryonic stem cells, resulting in significant discoveries. This e-book brings together reviews and essays from different aspects"

Download or read book Stochastic Analysis of Nonlinear Dynamics and Feedback Control for Gene Regulatory Networks with Applications to Synthetic Biology written by Natalja Strelkowa and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Dissecting the Transcriptional Regulatory Network of Embryonic Stem Cells written by Megan F. Cole and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The process by which a single fertilized egg develops into a human being with over 200 cell types, each with a distinct gene expression pattern controlling its cellular state, is poorly understood. An understanding of the transcriptional regulatory networks that establish and maintain gene expression programs in mammalian cells is fundamental to understand development and should provide the foundation for improved diagnosis and treatment of disease. Although it is not yet feasible to map the entirety of these networks in vertebrate cells, recent work in embryonic stem (ES) cells has demonstrated that core features of the network can be discovered by focusing on key transcriptional regulators and their target genes. Here, I describe important insights that have emerged from such studies and highlight how similar approaches can be used to discover the core networks of other vertebrate cell types. Knowledge of the regulatory networks controlling gene expression programs and cell states can guide efforts to reprogram cell states and holds great promise for both disease therapeutics and regenerative medicine.

Download or read book Cell Free Synthetic Biology written by Jian Li and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-01-13 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERIZATION written by Xibin Lu and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-26 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Quantitative Characterization of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell State Transition" by Xibin, Lu, 盧希彬, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: It is known that on-and-off transcription factors (TFs) regulations play crucial roles in differentiation and reprogramming. Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog as well as their constituted gene networks cooperatively maintain ES cell pluripotency. Recently, TFs such as Nanog, Stella and Rex1 show heterogeneous expression in ES cell populations and such heterogeneity lead to different differentiation potential indicating that heterogeneous gene expression may control cell fate. Besides gene regulation triggered by TFs, intrinsic noise was also found to be a potential source in heterogeneity and stochastic cell fate determination. For safe clinical application of stem cell-based therapy, it is crucial to quantify these dynamic processes and transition rate during research and development. However, in most cases, the transition rate is too low to be measured and is often entangled with cell proliferation. In order to disentangle these processes, we established a Nanog-EGFP reporter ES cell line and quantified the transition rates between two subpopulations. We also developed a mathematical model involving cell state transition, proliferation and noise to facilitate deciphering this process. We first generated a dual reporter ES cell line (Nanog-EGFP and EF1α-H2B-mCherry) based on PiggyBac system. Using a simple ES cell differentiation process, differentiation and dedifferentiation could be obviously observed based on Nanog ES cell reporter. In order to quantify the transition and proliferation rate, we performed multiple batches of ES cell differentiation and dedifferentiation based with this reporter ES cell line. Mathematical models (drift-diffusion-growth equation) are also introduced to fit the data. The quantitative and nontrivial model predictions lead to new experiments and hypotheses. Combined the flow cytometry data with mathematical models, we are able to directly derive the most likely potential landscape (Waddington's landscape) based on Nanog distribution. Our results and approaches developed would provide more clues for future ES cell differentiation studies. In another project, we generated multiple ES cell reporters in which Nanog, Oct4 and Rex1 were all labeled with different fluorescence proteins. We differentiated the reporter ES cell line specifically into epiblast stem cell (EpiSC) based on previous protocols. Based on flow cytometry analysis, we found that, during the transition from ES cell to EpiSC state, all the three marker genes showed heterogeneous expression pattern, and three sub-populations can be identified at the EpiSC steady (later) state. The cell fate identity and potential converting ability into other identities like ES cell or inter-converting ability among three populations were being conducted based on chemical factors. In addition, we quantitatively characterized PiggyBac mediated multiplex gene transfer in mouse embryonic stem cell which lay a good foundation in above mentioned ES cell reporter generation. HS4 insulator was also characterized on the effect of protecting from promoter interference and gene silencing as well as transposition efficiency. Our results suggest that, even after the development of CRISPR and TALEN, transposon technique is still a powerful tool to study synthetic gene circuit in mammalian systems, especially for prototyping and complex circuits with many parts. DOI: 10.5353/th_b5351003 Subjects: Stem cells Ce

Download or read book Molecular Basis of Developmental and Stem Cell Regulation written by Hisato Kondoh and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Mammalian Synthetic Biology written by Jamie Davies and published by . This book was released on 2019-12-12 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written primarily for mid-to-upper level undergraduates, this primer will introduce students to topics at the forefront of the subject that are being applied to probe biological problems, or to address the most pressing issues facing society. These topics will include those that form thecornerstone of contemporary research, helping students to make the transition to active researcher.This primer introduces the challenges and opportunities of applying synthetic biological techniques to mammalian cells, tissues, and organisms. It covers the special features that make engineering mammalian systems different from engineering bacteria, fungi, and plants, and provides an overview ofcurrent techniques. A variety of cutting-edge examples illustrate the different purposes of mammalian synthetic biology, including pure biomedical research, drug production, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine.

Download or read book The Threat and the Glory written by Peter Brian Medawar and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1991 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sir Peter Medawar, as his many admirers know, was not only a great scientist but a great writer. The creative energy that earned him the 1960 Noble Prize for Medecine for his pathbreaking work in immunology also fueled his many and varied writings. Books such as Pluto's Republic, The Limits of Science, and The Hope of Progress (to name but a few) made the ever-changing world of modern science accessible to non-specialists, and have since become small classics of their kind. As Lewis Thomas writes in his foreword to this posthumous collection, "some of the wisest remarks of the twentieth century" come from the pen of Peter Medawar. The Threat and the Glory explores the twin nature of modern science; its ability to inspire both hope and fear in its professional and lay observers. Medawar, of course, says it best when he writes of science's ability to make the seemingly impossible a reality, "scientists may exult in the glory, but in the middle of the twentieth century the reaction of ordinary people is more often to cower at the threat." This theme runs throughout this collection of writings which cover a characteristically wide range of topics: genetic engineering, evolution, philosophy, creativity, scientific fraud, the medical community, and attitudes toward death. Ranging in tone from these serious reflections on the nature of science to more lighthearted pieces such as "Son of Stroke"--a guide for long-term hospital patients based on his own experience as the victim of a cerebral hemorrhage--The Threat and the Glory entertains as much as it educates. Selected by his close friend David Pyke, these essays--some previously unpublished, many appearing in book form for the first time--show Medawar to have been not only a tireless truth-seeker, but also a merciless debunker of myths. Reading Medawar, we come to understand and accept the indispensable role of science in our world. Witty, incisive, and above all compassionate, The Threat and the Glory will delight those who are familiar with Medawar's writing, and will be a special treat for those who are not.

Download or read book Parallel Computing Technologies written by Victor Malyshkin and published by Springer. This book was released on 2009-09-01 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The PaCT-2009 (Parallel Computing Technologies) conference was a four-day eventheld in Novosibirsk. This was the tenth internationalconference to be held in the PaCT series. The conferences are held in Russia every odd year. The ?rst conference, PaCT 1991, was held in Novosibirsk (Academgorodok), September 7–11, 1991. The next PaCT conferences were held in Obninsk (near Moscow), August 30 to September 4, 1993; in St. Petersburg, September 12–15, 1995; in Yaroslavl, September 9–12, 1997; in Pushkin (near St. Petersburg), September 6–10, 1999; in Academgorodok (Novosibirsk), September 3–7, 2001; in Nizhni Novgorod, September 15–19, 2003; in Krasnoyarsk, September 5–9, 2005; in Pereslavl-Zalessky, September 3–7, 2007. Since 1995 all the PaCT Proceedings have been published by Springer in the LNCS series. PaCT-2009 was jointly organized by the Institute of Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Geophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) and the State University of Novosibirsk. The purpose of the conference was to bring together scientists working on theory, architecture, software, hardware and the solution of lar- scale problems in order to provide integrated discussions on parallel computing technologies. The conference attracted about 100 participants from around the world. Authors from 17 countries submitted 72 papers. Of those submitted, 34 were selected for the conference as regular papers; there were also 2 invited - pers. In addition there were a number of posters presented. All the papers were internationallyreviewedby at leastthree referees. A demo sessionwasorganized for the participants.