Download or read book Regulatory Mechanisms in the Metastatic Potential of Breast Cancer written by Louise Mary Kelly and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Regulatory Mechanisms in Breast Cancer written by Marc E. Lippman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 455 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Breast Cancer: Cellular and Molecular Biology [Kluwer Academic Pub lishers, 1988], we tried to present an introduction to the emerging basic studies on steroid receptors, oncogenes, and growth factors in the regulation of normal and malignant mammary epithelium. The response to this volume was superb, indicating a tremendous interest in basic growth regulatory mechanisms governing breast cancer and controlling its malignant progres sion. In the two years since its publication, much new and exciting in formation has been published and the full interplay of regulatory mechanisms is now beginning to emerge. We have divided this book into four sections that we hope will unify important concepts and help to crystallize areas of consensus and/or disagreement among a diverse group of basic and clinical scientists working on the disease. The first section is devoted to studies on oncogenes, antioncogenes, proliferation, and tumor prognosis. The first chapter, by Sunderland and McGuire, introduces the characteristics of breast cancer as studied by patho logists to establish prognostic outcome. Of particular interest is a new proto oncogene called HER-2 (or neu), which is rapidly becoming accepted as a valuable new tumor marker of poor prognosis. The second chapter, by Lee Bookstein and Lee, introduces the best known antioncogene, the retinoblas toma antioncogene, whose expression is sometimes lost in breast cancer. Malignant progression appears to be influenced by the balance of proto oncogene and antioncogene expression.
Download or read book Metastasis written by Lalage Wakefield and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metastasis is the most dreaded aspect of the carcinogenic process. More than ninety percent of all cancer deaths are attributable to the consequences of the primary tumor successfully colonizing distant organs. Unlike the situation with colon cancer, a patient with breast cancer can never be considered 'cured', since as many as a third of breast cancer patients who have apparently curative surgery for their primary tumors ultimately relapse with metastatic disease, sometimes decades later. Much effort is now devoted to understanding this process of metastasis, and finding ways to predict and prevent its occurrence.This publication covers recent advances in the field, specifically as they relate to breast cancer. The availability of new tools and technological approaches has prompted a reconsideration of the very definition of a metastasis. Furthermore, a number of commonly held myths are being explored and a new definition of a metastasis, with important implications for clinical staging, is being proposed. Also, a novel conceptual framework for cancer progression based on the system-level dynamics of regulatory networks is presented and the role of chemokines in mediating some of
Download or read book Holland Frei Cancer Medicine written by Robert C. Bast, Jr. and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-03-10 with total page 2004 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Holland-Frei Cancer Medicine, Ninth Edition, offers a balanced view of the most current knowledge of cancer science and clinical oncology practice. This all-new edition is the consummate reference source for medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, internists, surgical oncologists, and others who treat cancer patients. A translational perspective throughout, integrating cancer biology with cancer management providing an in depth understanding of the disease An emphasis on multidisciplinary, research-driven patient care to improve outcomes and optimal use of all appropriate therapies Cutting-edge coverage of personalized cancer care, including molecular diagnostics and therapeutics Concise, readable, clinically relevant text with algorithms, guidelines and insight into the use of both conventional and novel drugs Includes free access to the Wiley Digital Edition providing search across the book, the full reference list with web links, illustrations and photographs, and post-publication updates
Download or read book Possible Mechanisms for Regulation of Breast Tumor Micrometastasis by NME Genes written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metastatic dissemination of primary breast tumors is controlled by positive and negative regulators. We found that expression of a catalytically inactive nucleoside diphosphate kinase B (NDPK B/T) in MDA-MB-435 human breast carcinoma cells significantly decreases their metastatic dissemination in a nude mouse assay. Inhibition of metastatic dissemination of primary tumors formed by these cells occurs prior to formation of detectable micrometastasis. Our structural studies suggests that wild type NDPK B and highly homologous NDPK A form different oligomers that may occupy specific binding sites We hypothesize that NDPK B/T displaces wild type NDPK B from specific binding sites, acting in effect as a dominant negative mutant. These results suggest that NDPK B acts as a positive regulator of metastatic potential of human tumor cells and that specific inhibition of NDPK B may be a target for potential anti-metastasis therapeutics.
Download or read book Epigenetic Regulation of a Gene MS 1 in Cells of Different Metastatic Potential written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy and a major cause of cancer-related death among Canadian women. Although treatment of primary breast tumours is highly successful through surgery, metastatic breast cancer is difficult to treat. Cancer progression and metastasis require the accumulation of numerous genetic and epigenetic alterations. Normal cells that acquire such alterations can transform into cancer cells, resulting in primary tumour formation. Primary tumours are a heterogeneous population, containing cells of various metastatic potentials. Cells that acquire a high potential for metastasis can spread to secondary locations. Our model system consists of two subpopulations, with different metastatic potential, derived from the same rat mammary adenocarcinoma. Using this model, a differentially expressed novel gene, termed MS-1, was discovered. Due to significant expression of this gene in the poorly metastatic subpopulation and lack of expression in the highly metastatic subpopulation, MS-1 may have involvement in metastasis suppression. Several breast cancer metastasis suppressor genes have been identified on the basis that they are down-regulated during the progression of metastasis. Epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, account for loss of expression in several of these genes. Hypermethylation of CpG islands within gene promoters results in deacetylation of histone proteins and produces a compact chromatin structure that is unfavourable for transcription. A CpG island spans the 5 untranslated region, exon 1 and part of intron 1 of the MS-1 gene. Our data reveals aberrant methylation patterns of this CpG island in our model. Also, MS-1 expression appears to be partially induced by both DNA methylation and histone deacetylation inhibitors. Following a screen of several cancer cell lines of various metastatic potential, it appears that the presence of DNA methylation in the CpG island of MS-1 correlates with the lack of MS-1 expression. Therefo.
Download or read book Metastatic Cancer Clinical and Biological Perspectives written by Rahul Jandial and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-08-08 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most cancer deaths are a result of metastasis. The spread of a primary tumor to colonize neighboring and distant organs is the relentless endgame that defines the neoplastic process. Patients who have been diagnosed with cancer are treated to prevent both the recurrence of the tumor at the site of origin and metastasis that would re-stage them as advanced stage IV cancer. Historically and still with some types of cancer, stage IV is perceived by patients as “terminal.” Fortunately, recent molecular therapies have extended the lives of patients with advanced cancer and reassuringly people living with metastatic disease increasingly visit our clinics. What is the path forward? Given that the consilience of science and medicine is a dynamic art from which therapies arise, it would be misguided to consider any single work adequate at capturing the horizon for research. So with humility we constructed this text as primer for scientists. It begins with a broad introduction to the clinical management of common cancers. This is intended to serve as a foundation for investigators to consider when developing basic science hypotheses. Unquestionably, medical and surgical care of cancer patients reveals biology and dictates how novel therapeutics will ultimately be evaluated in clinical trials. The second section of this text offers provocative and evolving insights that underscore the breadth of science involved in the elucidation of cancer metastasis biology. The text concludes with information that integrates scientific and clinical foundations to highlight translational research. This book serves as a framework for scientists to conceptualize clinical and translational knowledge on the complexity of disease that is metastatic cancer.
Download or read book Mechanism of Hypoxia regulated Gamma secretase in Notch mediated Breast Cancer Metastasis written by Jennifer Chien Villa and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Notch signaling is responsible for critical developmental events from cell-fate determination to proliferation, while the aberrant activation of Notch signaling has been associated with breast cancer malignancies. Notch activation is initiated through the binding of Notch ligands (Jagged/Serrate Family) to Notch receptors (Notch1-4), followed by successive cleavages by TACE and ?-secretase to subsequently release the Notch intracellular domain (NICD) for nuclear transcription. Due to the crucial role of ?-secretase in mediating the release NICD, research in ?-secretase regulation and function in breast cancer is essential for the implementation of effective ?-secretase inhibitors (GSIs). Tumor hypoxia contributes to therapeutic resistance and the metastatic progression of breast cancer. It has been reported that hypoxia can promote Notch signaling through stabilizing the ?-secretase cleaved product NICD. However, little is known if hypoxia also modulates ?-secretase activity. In our study, we showed that ?-secretase activity of breast cancer lines were enhanced under hypoxia. Furthermore, we demonstrated that hypoxia did not elevate the level of ?-secretase subunits including Presenilin, Nicastrin, Aph-1 and Pen2, but rather directly increased the amount of active complex formed. We found that Hif-1? engaged with the active enzyme complex to regulate ?-secretase activity. More importantly, the increased invasive potential of breast cancer cells in hypoxic setting could be diminished with ?-secretase inhibition using a sulfonamide GSI (GSI-34), indicating that ?-secretase plays a critical role in the migration and invasion of breast cancer. Finally, we showed that both GSI treatment and knockout of Notch signaling significantly reduced metastasis to distant lung organ in mice using 4T1 mammary fatpad metastasis model. These studies together demonstrated that the administration of GSI-34 could be used to ameliorate the progression of metastatic lesion from highly aggressive hypoxic tumor types. In addition, breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease that can be characterized by distinct molecular signatures. To date, there are no target-based therapies to combat triple-negative Basal B breast cancer subtypes. In our study, we showed hat the highly invasive Basal B breast cancer subtypes exhibited unique properties that contribute to the aggressiveness and resistance of this cell type to therapy. First, breast cancer cells expressed Notch receptors and ligands, and most importantly, were active in Notch signaling. Secondly, we demonstrated that Basal B subtype breast cancer cells differ in ?-secretase activity for the cleavage of Notch and APP and in ?-secretase active site conformation. Basal B cells exhibited differential response to ?-secretase inhibition, leading to decreased DNA synthesis and clonogenic survival. Collectively, these above studies demonstrated that ?-secretase is a unique target for the treatment of hypoxic and aggressive breast cancer. We also provided mechanistic evidence to support ?-secretase mediated Notch signaling in cancer metastasis by showing the potential used of GSIs for the treatment of highly aggressive breast cancer types. These studies will ultimately provide prognostic and therapeutic value for the management of breast cancer malignancies.
Download or read book Essentials of Glycobiology written by Ajit Varki and published by CSHL Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 694 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sugar chains (glycans) are often attached to proteins and lipids and have multiple roles in the organization and function of all organisms. "Essentials of Glycobiology" describes their biogenesis and function and offers a useful gateway to the understanding of glycans.
Download or read book Molecular Biology of The Cell written by Bruce Alberts and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Systems Biology of Cancer written by Sam Thiagalingam and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-04-09 with total page 597 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An overview of the current systems biology-based knowledge and the experimental approaches for deciphering the biological basis of cancer.
Download or read book Breast Cancer Chemosensitivity written by Dihua Yu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-12-30 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Breast Cancer Chemosensitivity, a group of world leading experts review critical aspects of resistance to systemic therapy in breast cancer patients. Beginning with a clinical overview of the problem, the book then focuses on the latest findings of molecular mechanisms of drug resistance. Coverage provides an example of using novel approaches for chemosensitization of breast cancer cells that gives readers an idea about the future direction in breast cancer treatment. It allows those who are interested in breast cancer therapy to get a jump-start on critical issues in breast cancer therapeutic resistance.
Download or read book The Heterogeneity of Cancer Metabolism written by Anne Le and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-26 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetic alterations in cancer, in addition to being the fundamental drivers of tumorigenesis, can give rise to a variety of metabolic adaptations that allow cancer cells to survive and proliferate in diverse tumor microenvironments. This metabolic flexibility is different from normal cellular metabolic processes and leads to heterogeneity in cancer metabolism within the same cancer type or even within the same tumor. In this book, we delve into the complexity and diversity of cancer metabolism, and highlight how understanding the heterogeneity of cancer metabolism is fundamental to the development of effective metabolism-based therapeutic strategies. Deciphering how cancer cells utilize various nutrient resources will enable clinicians and researchers to pair specific chemotherapeutic agents with patients who are most likely to respond with positive outcomes, allowing for more cost-effective and personalized cancer therapeutic strategies.
Download or read book Central Nervous System Metastases written by Manmeet Ahluwalia and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-05 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive overview of brain metastases, from the molecular biology aspects to therapeutic management and perspectives. Due to the increasing incidence of these tumors and the urgent need to effectively control brain metastatic diseases in these patients, new therapeutic strategies have emerged in recent years. The volume discusses all these innovative approaches combined with new surgical techniques (fluorescence, functional mapping, integrated navigation), novel radiation therapy techniques (stereotactic radiosurgery) and new systemic treatment approaches such as targeted- and immunotherapy. These combination strategies represent a new therapeutic model in brain metastatic patients in which each medical practitioner (neurosurgeon, neurologist, medical oncologist, radiation oncologist) plays a pivotal role in defining the optimal treatment in a multidisciplinary approach. Written by recognized experts in the field, this book is a valuable tool for neurosurgeons, neuro-oncologists, neuroradiologists, medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, cognitive therapists, basic scientists and students working in the area of brain tumors.
Download or read book Studies of Ionic Mechanisms Associated with Human Cancers written by Refika Mine Guzel and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The general aim of this thesis was to undertake a series of inter-related studies with a view to improving our understanding of the role of ion channel expression and its regulation in cancer cells with strong metastatic potential. The emphasis was on neonatal Nav1.5 (nNav1.5) subtype of voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC). Chapter 1 (General Introduction) gives an account of the relevant literature and states the main aims of the studies. Chapter 2 details the Materials and Methods, ranging from quantitative molecular biology to in vitro assays of metastatic cell behaviour. Chapter 3 presents experiments on regulation of VGSCs by insulin and insulin-like growth factor1 (IGF1) in strongly metastatic human breast cancer (BCa) MDA-MB- 231 cells. The central strategy was to treat insulin and IGF1 as an integrated signalling system (" IIS") and suppress it using pharmacological inhibitors and RNAi. Inhibiting IIS signalling suppressed metastatic cell behaviours (MCBs) and decreased nNav1.5 expression and activity. Chapter 4 describes studies on mRNA expression of a variety of cancer-associated ion channels (CAICs) in peripheral blood of normal human subjects with a view to laying the foundations for subsequent patient-based studies. The following 8 CAICs were studied: nNav1.5, VGSC-[beta]1, VGSC-[beta]1b, Kv1.3, Kv10.1, Kv11.1, KCa3.1 and TRPM8. Several differences were noted between healthy cases and cancer patients. In particular, nNav1.5 and Kv1.3 mRNA expressions were up- and down-regulated, respectively. Chapter 5 shows that the anti-diabetic drug Metformin suppressed Matrigel invasion and nNav1.5 mRNA expression in MDA-MB-231 cells. Chapter 6 involves studies on the strongly metastatic human colorectal cancer (CRCa) SW-620 cells, which were found to express nNav1.5 mRNA and protein. Silencing nNav1.5 expression had a significant inhibitory effect on Matrigel invasion. The thesis ends with a General Discussion and Conclusion chapter, integrating the findings in the context of the field at large and pointing to future directions.
Download or read book Tumor Invasion and Metastasis written by L.A. Liotta and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The clinical significance of tumor spread has always been appreciated. Yet, in spite of the pioneering work and outstanding contributions of investigators such as D. Coman, H. Green, B. Fisher, S. Wood and I. Zeidman, studies on metastasis rarely achieved the popularity afforded to more esoteric areas of tumor biology. Tumor dissemination, occurring as it does in a responding host and being composed of a series of dynamic int~ractions, is a highly complex phenomenon. Few investigators were brave enough to attempt to unravel the mechanisms involved. Paradoxically, this very complexity may have contributed, in part, to the recent upsurge of interest in metastasis research. More and more researchers are becoming fascinated by the complexities of the cellular interactions involved in tumor spread. Accompanying this intellectual stimulation have been technological advances in related fields which allow the derivation of new model systems. The mechanisms of metastatic spread are increasingly amenable to both the reductionist and holistic approaches and it is the purpose of this volume to present many of these model systems while emphasizing the intricacy and complexity of the processes they mimic. We have attempted to emphasize two topics not previously covered in depth in previous books on metastases. These are in vitro models of invasion and in teractions of tumor cells with connective tissue.
Download or read book Lymphangiogenesis in Cancer Metastasis written by Steven A. Stacker and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-09-30 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lymphangiogenesis and Cancer Metastasis introduces the new field of lymphatic vessel growth and development, and its relationship to the metastatic spread of cancer cells. The book covers all aspects of this new field from the fundamental role that protein growth factors and their receptors play in lymphangiogenesis to the potential application of these advances to cancer diagnosis and treatment. Other clinical aspects explored include the mechanisms and importance of lymph node metastasis, the role of the lymphatics in lymphangioleiomyomatosis and Kaposi’s sarcoma, and approaches for imaging lymphatics in cancer. The book also covers the innovative approaches taken by researchers to explore new roles for lymphatic vessel biology in the context of cancer. The information presented in this volume, which describes the revolutionary concepts of tumor lymphangiogenesis, will be of interest to all students, scientists and oncologists who are seeking to understand the complexities of tumor metastasis. Key Features: Presents fundamental concepts of tumor lymphangiogenesis and the molecules which control this process Provides a comprehensive summary of current research in this ground breaking area Provides a book which links progress in basic tumor and developmental biology with current and future oncology practise Is an essential text for molecular biologists, cell biologists and oncologists seeking to understand the implications of this rapidly developing area.
