Download or read book Regulatory Competition in Making Corporate Law in the United States and its Limits written by Mark J. Roe and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: American corporate-law scholars have focused on jurisdictional competition as an engine-usually as the engine-making American corporate law. Recent decisions in the European Court of Justice open up the possibility of similar competition in the EU. That has led analysts to wonder whether a European race would mimic the American, which depending on one`s view is a race to the top-promoting capital markets efficiency-or one to the bottom-demeaning it by giving managers too much authority in the American corporation. But the academic race literature underestimates Washington`s role in making American corporate law. Federal authorities are regularly involved, regularly make law governing the American corporation-from shareholder voting rules, to boardroom composition, to dual class stock-and they could do even more. In structure, the United States has two corporate lawmaking powers-the states (primarily Delaware) and Washington. We are only beginning to understand how they interact, as complements and substitutes, but the foundational fact of American corporate lawmaking during the twentieth century is that whenever there is a big issue-the kind of corporate policy decision that could strongly affect capital costs-Washington acted or considered acting. We cannot understand the structure of American corporate lawmaking by examining state-to-state jurisdictional competition alone.

Download or read book Comparative Economic Analysis of Regulatory Competition in Corporate Law in Europe and the United States written by Robin Eyben and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2013-08-07 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master's Thesis from the year 2006 in the subject Law - Comparative Legal Systems, Comparative Law, grade: Sehr Gut, University of Hamburg (Institut für Recht und Ökonomik), language: English, abstract: In the US it is principally the states that are in charge of regulating the internal affairs of corporations. States allow firms to relocate in other states. Hence, it is argued that states are engaging in a process of competing for corporate charters. In the EU this basic setting is today quite similar: the EU Member States have separately created their own corporate law systems for decades. Though only since the European Court of Justice (ECJ) ruled in a series of famous decisions from Centros to Inspire Art that Member States have to recognize firms who are incorporated under other Member States’ corporate law, the possibility for regulatory competition in corporate is opened in the EU as well. Comparing the situations in Europe and America from a law and economics perspective, the guiding hypothesis of this thesis is that while regulatory competition in corporate law can lead to efficient results, several problems have to be taken into account. Inefficiencies in American and European regulatory competition in corporate law are mainly due to these problems. A possible normative solution to such inefficiencies is assessed. Other findings of this thesis involves the following aspects: Firstly, while regulatory competition in corporate law in the U.S. might have been economically efficient in the past, it now can be identified several factors that lead to suboptimal outcomes which can be explained positively by applying existing theories on the issue as complementary ones. Secondly, the European legal and economic situation resembles important factors of the American one while there are some major differences that will probably lead to different outcomes to those in the U.S. – though these are suboptimal as well. Thirdly, a normative conclusion is drawn from these comparative observations. It can be efficient to restructure the framework in which regulatory competition in corporate law takes place in both, the U.S. and the EU. It is proposed a form of procedural harmonization and a simplification of conflict of laws that will allow states to compete for separate modules of legal sectors in corporate law. Thus innovation and learning processes in corporate regulations will be easier comparable and a sustainable race to the top may begin.

Download or read book Is Regulatory Competition a Problem or Irrelevant for Corporate Governance written by Roberta Romano and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This article provides an analysis of why regulatory competition in corporate law has operated, for the most part, successfully in the United States, and critiques the position of commentators who are skeptical of the significance and extent of state competition. The article begins by setting out the context in which regulatory competition has been most recently criticized, the U.S. Congress's response to corporate accounting scandals in the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and by briefly noting how the problematic features of that legislative response underscore the benefits of regulatory competition. It then evaluates recent criticisms of regulatory competition that focus on the role of the federal government, or the incentives of states other than the leading incorporation state, Delaware, and conclude that U.S. corporate law is not the product of state competition. The article contends that these permutations on the state competition debate do not provide a satisfactory positive explanation of the behavior or the influence of the states and federal government. The minimum policy implication of the analysis is that it would be imprudent for policymakers to overlook the competitive regulatory experience in U.S. corporate law when assessing the approach to take to company and securities law. Prepared for the Special Issue of the Oxford Review of Economic Policy on Corporate Governance and the Corporate Governance Conference at the Said Business School, University of Oxford, January 28, 2005.

Download or read book Regulatory Competition in Company Law in the European Community written by Stefano Lombardo and published by Peter Lang Gmbh, Internationaler Verlag Der Wissenschaften. This book was released on 2002 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The work challenges the commonly accepted idea that the European single market needs a harmonized company law as a precondition for its correct functioning, on the basis of a law and economics comparison with the American situation. The study critically analyzes the two major reasons advanced to justify harmonization - the race to the bottom argument and the standardization argument - on the basis of the regulatory competition paradigm and concludes that they are basically wrong. Instead of pursuing harmonization of substantive company law, the proposal is to adjust conflict of law rules in favor of the incorporation theory as ruled by the European Court of Justice in its important Centros-decision of March 1999. Companies should be granted freedom of establishment and free movement among jurisdictions in the European Union.

Download or read book The Genius of American Corporate Law written by Roberta Romano and published by American Enterprise Institute. This book was released on 1993 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a study of the structure of American corporate law, which combines economic analysis with empirical insights to produce a number of policy insights. It is suitable for anyone studying corporate law, securities regulation, comparative company law or federalism.

Download or read book Regulatory Competition of Corporate Laws in Europe and in the United States of America written by Fabio Filocamo and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Regulatory Regimes written by Masami Hasegawa and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Regulatory Competition and Freedom of Contract in U S Corporate Law written by Marco Ventoruzzo and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The real dynamics of U.S. regulatory competition in corporate law are often misunderstood. As convincingly demonstrated by some authors (Kahan and Kamar), most States are not actively engaged in the market for charters, and Delaware's position is substantially unchallenged. From this starting point, in this short paper presented at the Conference of the Sixtieth Anniversary of the Italian Rivista delle società in 2015, after a brief critical discussion of the actual nature of this "competition" based also on empirical evidence, I examine some recent reforms of the Delaware General Corporation Act in the area of corporate litigation (on fee-shifting bylaws and exclusive forum selection clauses), which affect contractual freedom in corporate bylaws and seem to confirm the theoretical framework illustrated. In light of these results, I offer some implications for the also peculiar type of regulatory competition emerging in Europe, and indicate some consequences that European policy makers should take into account.

Download or read book Varieties of Corporate Law Making written by Robert B. Ahdieh and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In few areas have legal scholars focused more closely on the sources of law than in the study of corporate governance. Questions of institutional design thus pervade the literature of corporate law. Most prominent among these questions have been ones surrounding the allocation of law-making authority as between federal and state authorities: What is the dynamic by which corporate law will be generated at the state level, absent federal intervention? What is the normative quality of the resulting rules? When might a federal role be advisable, if not essential, in the regulation of public corporations? What form ought any such intervention take, and what distortions might it be expected to introduce into our traditionally state-based regime of corporate law? There has been much debate over these questions, to which the literature of law and economics has contributed mightily. To a striking degree, however, scholars have come to embrace - at least in broad terms - a common view on these questions. In this standard account, sub-national rules of corporate governance are to be preferred. State law - and the dynamic of state competition that arises from it - generates (at least some) efficiency gains, helping to reduce agency costs, as between shareholders and managers. For these and other reasons, the law and economics literature admonishes, the scope of federal law in an optimal regime of corporate governance should be limited. Federal rules may have a role in imposing mandatory disclosure obligations, regulating aspects of the issuance and trading of corporate securities, and in selected other circumstances, but not more generally. In this chapter, I suggest that this account of corporate law, widely accepted as it has become in the law and economics literature, deserves a closer look. As to what might be thought of as its horizontal and vertical axes - the perception of (horizontal) state competition as beneficial for shareholder-managerial relations, and the notion of (vertical) federal preemption as properly limited - the meaning and implications of the conventional account turn out to be more ambiguous. A careful analysis thus highlights critical limitations of each of these claims, and offers a more complex picture of the optimal sources of corporate law. Ultimately, a closer analysis of the horizontal dimension of state-to-state interaction and the vertical dimension of potential federal intervention points us to the same result in institutional design: a more mixed architecture of corporate law-making.

Download or read book The Mandatory Law Puzzle written by Jens Dammann and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: American corporate law stands out when compared to other legal systems. At no time is this more apparent than with regard to the use of mandatory law. Corporate law in the United States is largely enabling, whereas most other countries around the globe rely heavily on mandatory corporate law.The traditional view seeks to explain this American exceptionalism by pointing to the phenomenon of regulatory competition. According to this view, regulatory competition has eroded mandatory corporate law norms in the United States, whereas the absence of such competition has allowed mandatory norms to persist in other countries. This narrative, however, confuses cause and effect. Regulatory competition exists where it is allowed to exist; the decisive question is why so many countries have chosen to protect their mandatory corporate law norms by suppressing regulatory competition while the United States has done the opposite.This article argues that efficiency considerations are key to understanding this mandatory law puzzle. The efficiency of enabling versus mandatory corporate law is not uniform across countries; instead, it depends on numerous social and institutional factors, particularly the efficiency of stock markets, ownership patterns, judicial infrastructure, and labor market flexibility. As a result, enabling corporate law is substantially more efficient in the United States than it is in Europe and many other countries. In other words, the U.S. commitment to private ordering in corporate law may not be a simple political choice that other countries can copy at will, but rather the reflection of various deep-seated institutional and social characteristics.

Download or read book Standardization under EU Competition Rules and US Antitrust Laws written by Björn Lundqvist and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2014-05-30 with total page 491 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offering in-depth analysis of the case law currently being written in courtrooms all over the world under the so-called •patent warê, the book puts forward a new method for applying competition law to standards and standard-setting _ in both its collus

Download or read book Who Should Make Corporate Law written by John Armour and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Law and Economics written by Francesco Parisi and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 593 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Oxford Handbook of Law and Economics applies the theoretical and empirical methods of economics to the study of law. Volume 2 surveys Private and Commercial Law.

Download or read book Perspectives in Company Law and Financial Regulation written by Michel Tison and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-06-18 with total page 1029 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of essays has been compiled in honour of Professor Eddy Wymeersch on the occasion of his retirement as professor at Ghent University. His main international academic peers explore developments on the crossroads of company law and financial regulation in Europe and the United States, providing a unique view on the dynamics of regulatory competition in an era of economic globalisation, whether in the fields of rulemaking, organising the mobility of capital or the enforcement of rules. The deepening of European financial integration and the transatlantic regulatory dialogue has generated new paradigms of rule-setting in a multinational framework and reinforced the need to develop adequate instruments for co-operation between regulators. Regulators increasingly use concepts such as equivalence or mutual recognition to regulate cross-border relations.

Download or read book Regulatory Competition in Contract Law written by Giesela Ruhl and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Regulatory competition has been high on the agenda of lawyers and economists for several years. Initially, the focal point of the debate was corporate law. Only recently the attention has shifted to other areas of law, notably contract law. However, in contrast to corporate law where there is little doubt that states do compete for corporate charters both in the United States and in Europe, it is hotly debated whether there is - or whether there can be - regulatory competition in contract law. In the first part of the following article I argue that this question must be answered in the affirmative: empirical evidence shows that there is regulatory competition in contract law - just like in other areas of law, notably corporate law. Most importantly, empirical evidence shows that businesses and consumers actually choose the applicable contract law based on the quality of the law and that states actually respond to these choices by adjusting their contract laws. With this finding, however, the discussion about regulatory competition in contract law has not yet reached its end. To the contrary: the fact that states actually do compete for application of their contract law raises a number of - normative - questions. Should regulatory competition be promoted because it induces a race to the top? Should it be banned because it induces a race to the bottom? In the second part of the article I argue that regulatory competition in contract law will generally induce a race to the top. It should, therefore, generally be promoted. However, also I argue that regulatory competition may induce a race to the bottom in some cases, namely where a choice of law does not account for the interests of all parties affected by the choice. In these cases, I conclude, regulatory competition should be regulated. More specifically, I argue that it should be regulated on the level of private international law by limiting freedom of choice.

Download or read book Handbook of law and economics written by A. Mitchell Polinsky and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007 with total page 981 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Law can be viewed as a body of rules and legal sanctions that channel behavior in socially desirable directions - for example, by encouraging individuals to take proper precautions to prevent accidents or by discouraging competitors from colluding to raise prices. The incentives created by the legal system are thus a natural subject of study by economists. Moreover, given the importance of law to the welfare of societies, the economic analysis of law merits prominent treatment as a subdiscipline of economics. This two volume Handbook is intended to foster the study of the legal system by economists. The two volumes form a comprehensive and accessible survey of the current state of the field. Chapters prepared by leading specialists of the area. Summarizes received results as well as new developments."--[Source inconnue].

Download or read book The Anatomy of Corporate Law written by Reinier Kraakman and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2009-07-23 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the long-awaited second edition of this highly regarded comparative overview of corporate law. This edition has been comprehensively updated to reflect profound changes in corporate law. It now includes consideration of additional matters such as the highly topical issue of enforcement in corporate law, and explores the continued convergence of corporate law across jurisdictions. The authors start from the premise that corporate (or company) law across jurisdictions addresses the same three basic agency problems: (1) the opportunism of managers vis-à-vis shareholders; (2) the opportunism of controlling shareholders vis-à-vis minority shareholders; and (3) the opportunism of shareholders as a class vis-à-vis other corporate constituencies, such as corporate creditors and employees. Every jurisdiction must address these problems in a variety of contexts, framed by the corporation's internal dynamics and its interactions with the product, labor, capital, and takeover markets. The authors' central claim, however, is that corporate (or company) forms are fundamentally similar and that, to a surprising degree, jurisdictions pick from among the same handful of legal strategies to address the three basic agency issues. This book explains in detail how (and why) the principal European jurisdictions, Japan, and the United States sometimes select identical legal strategies to address a given corporate law problem, and sometimes make divergent choices. After an introductory discussion of agency issues and legal strategies, the book addresses the basic governance structure of the corporation, including the powers of the board of directors and the shareholders meeting. It proceeds to creditor protection measures, related-party transactions, and fundamental corporate actions such as mergers and charter amendments. Finally, it concludes with an examination of friendly acquisitions, hostile takeovers, and the regulation of the capital markets.