Download or read book Regulation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Growth by Cyclic Nucleotides and CGMP dependent Protein Kinase I written by Pascal Weinmeister and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Regulation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Growth by Cyclic Nucleotides and CGMP dependent Protein Kinase I written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this work was to elucidate the effect of cyclic nucleotide signaling on the growth of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). In particular, the role of cGKI in VSMC growth was analysed in primary and subcultured VSMCs derived from wild-type and cGKI-deficient mice. In primary VSMCs, activation of cGMP/cGKI signaling led to a strong increase in growth. In contrast, in repeatedly passaged VSMCs derived from mouse, rat and human, cGMP/cGKI had either no effect on growth or had a weak growth suppressing effect. Thus, cGKI signaling differs in primary vs. subcultured VSMCs. The further analysis of proliferation, apoptosis, cytoskeletal dynamics, and various signaling pathways indicated that an increase in integrin-mediated cell adhesion is the major mechanism for cGKI-mediated growth in primary VSMCs. Thereby, cGMP/cGKI signaling in primary VSMCs might inhibit anoïkis, the programmed cell death induced by the loss of cell/matrix interactions.
Download or read book The Endothelium written by Michel Félétou and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2011 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The endothelium, a monolayer of endothelial cells, constitutes the inner cellular lining of the blood vessels (arteries, veins and capillaries) and the lymphatic system, and therefore is in direct contact with the blood/lymph and the circulating cells. The endothelium is a major player in the control of blood fluidity, platelet aggregation and vascular tone, a major actor in the regulation of immunology, inflammation and angiogenesis, and an important metabolizing and an endocrine organ. Endothelial cells controls vascular tone, and thereby blood flow, by synthesizing and releasing relaxing and contracting factors such as nitric oxide, metabolites of arachidonic acid via the cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases and cytochrome P450 pathways, various peptides (endothelin, urotensin, CNP, adrenomedullin, etc.), adenosine, purines, reactive oxygen species and so on. Additionally, endothelial ectoenzymes are required steps in the generation of vasoactive hormones such as angiotensin II. An endothelial dysfunction linked to an imbalance in the synthesis and/or the release of these various endothelial factors may explain the initiation of cardiovascular pathologies (from hypertension to atherosclerosis) or their development and perpetuation. Table of Contents: Introduction / Multiple Functions of the Endothelial Cells / Calcium Signaling in Vascular Cells and Cell-to-Cell Communications / Endothelium-Dependent Regulation of Vascular Tone / Conclusion / References
Download or read book Regulation of Phenotype in Cultured Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells by CGMP dependent Protein Kinase written by Nancy Johnston Boerth and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Regulation of Cyclic GMP dependent Protein Kinase Expression by Inflammatory Cytokines in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells written by Natasha Consuela Browner and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Post Genomic Cardiology written by José Marín-García and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-05-09 with total page 935 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this second edition of Post-Genomic Cardiology, developing and new technologies such as translational genomics, next generation sequencing (NGS), bioinformatics, and systems biology in molecular cardiology are assessed in light of their therapeutic potential. As new methods of mutation screening emerge, both for the genome and for the “epigenome, comprehensive understanding of the many mutations that underlie cardiovascular diseases and adverse drug reactions is within our reach. This book, written by respected cardiologist José Marín-García, features discussion on the Hap-Map: the largest international effort to date aiming to define the differences between our individual genomes. This unique reference further reviews and investigates genome sequences from our evolutionary relatives that could help us decipher the signals of genes, and offers a comprehensive and critical evaluation of regulatory elements from the complicated network of the background DNA. Offers updated discussion of cutting-edge molecular techniques including new genomic sequencing / NGS / Hap-Map / bioinformatics / systems biology approaches Analyzes mitochondria dynamics and their role in cardiac dysfunction, up-to-date analysis of cardio-protection, and cardio-metabolic syndrome Presents recent translational studies, gene therapy, transplantation of stem cells, and pharmacological treatments in CVDs
Download or read book Cyclic Nucleotide Signaling and the Cardiovascular System written by Thomas Brand and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-07-10 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Cyclic Nucleotide Signaling and the Cardiovascular System" that was published in JCDD
Download or read book Transduction Mechanisms in Cellular Signaling written by Edward A. Dennis and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2011-04-12 with total page 604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Cell signaling, which is also often referred to as signal transduction or, in more specialized cases, transmembrane signaling, is the process by which cells communicate with their environment and respond temporally to external cues that they sense there. All cells have the capacity to achieve this to some degree, albeit with a wide variation in purpose, mechanism, and response. At the same time, there is a remarkable degree of similarity over quite a range of species, particularly in the eukaryotic kingdom, and comparative physiology has been a useful tool in the development of this field. The central importance of this general phenomenon (sensing of external stimuli by cells) has been appreciated for a long time, but it has truly become a dominant part of cell and molecular biology research in the past three decades, in part because a description of the dynamic responses of cells to external stimuli is, in essence, a description of the life process itself. This approach lies at the core of the developing fields of proteomics and metabolomics, and its importance to human and animal health is already plainly evident"--Provided by publisher.
Download or read book Regulation of Coronary Blood Flow written by Michitoshi Inoue and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-09 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research centering on blood flow in the heart continues to hold an important position, especially since a better understanding of the subject may help reduce the incidence of coronary arterial disease and heart attacks. This book summarizes recent advances in the field; it is the product of fruitful cooperation among international scientists who met in Japan in May, 1990 to discuss the regulation of coronary blood flow.
Download or read book The Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1995-10-24 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last several years, the development of reagents that recognize smooth muscle-specific proteins has enabled researchers to identify smooth muscle cells (SMC) in tissue undergoing both differentiation and repair. These developments have led to increased research on SMC. The latest volume in the Biology of the Extracellular Matrix Series takes a current and all-encompassing look at this growing area of research. Devoted entirely to the subject of SMC, the book covers a diversity of topics-from SMC architecture and contractility to differentiation and gene expression in development. It also examines the proliferation and replication of SMC and its role in pharmacology and vascular disease. A must for cell, developmental, and molecular biologists, this book also will appeal to cardiologists, pathologists, and biomedical researchers interested in smooth muscle cells. Presents a molecular, genetic, and developmental perspective of the vas smooth muscle cell Overview sections highlight key points of chapters, including the clinical relevance of the research and expectations for future study Appeals to both the basic biologist and to the biomedical researcher of vascular disease
Download or read book The Cyclic GMP dependent Protein Kinase of Vascular Smooth Muscle Sarcolemma written by Kurt Baltensperger and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mechanisms of Activation and Autoinhibition for the Type II CGMP dependent Protein Kinase written by Merritt Kearny Taylor and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Cell Signaling written by Ralph A. Bradshaw and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2009-11-03 with total page 3188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Cell Signaling, Three-Volume Set, 2e, is a comprehensive work covering all aspects of intracellular signal processing, including extra/intracellular membrane receptors, signal transduction, gene expression/translation, and cellular/organotypic signal responses. The second edition is an up-to-date, expanded reference with each section edited by a recognized expert in the field. Tabular and well illustrated, the Handbook will serve as an in-depth reference for this complex and evolving field. Handbook of Cell Signaling, 2/e will appeal to a broad, cross-disciplinary audience interested in the structure, biochemistry, molecular biology and pathology of cellular effectors. Contains over 350 chapters of comprehensive coverage on cell signaling Includes discussion on topics from ligand/receptor interactions to organ/organism responses Provides user-friendly, well-illustrated, reputable content by experts in the field
Download or read book Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases in Health and Disease written by Joseph A. Beavo and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-12-05 with total page 754 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the last major compendium dedicated to cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) was published over 15 years ago, an enormous amount of progress has occurred in the field. There is great need for a centralized source for key information in this burgeoning and therapeutically important area of medical research. Cyclic Nucleotide Phosph
Download or read book Regulation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Migration by Sphingosine 1 phosphate written by Michael J Kluk and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) exhibit a range of functional phenotypes important in cardiovascular development and disease. Recently, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a platelet-derived sphingolipid metabolite, has been demonstrated to regulate VSMC function both in vitro and in vivo . In order to improve our understanding of S1P signaling in VSMC, we determined the expression of S1P receptor isoforms (S1Pn/EDG-n) in two different rat VSMC phenotypes: Pup-intimal VSMC and adult-medial VSMC. Herein, pup-intimal VSMC were found to express higher levels of S1P 1/EDG-1 mRNA than adult-medial VSMC. Exogenous expression of S1P 1/EDG-1 in adult-medial cells enhanced S1P-induced proliferation, concomitant with activation of p70 S6 kinase and increases in cyclin D1. Pertussis toxin impaired S1P-induced p70 S6 kinase activation, cyclin D1 induction and proliferation, suggesting that S1P1/EDG-1-coupling to Gi is critical. Furthermore, blocking p70 S6 kinase phosphorylation with rapamycin reduced cyclin D1 induction and proliferation, suggesting that p70 S6 kinase activation is also critical in S1P1/EDG-1/Gi-mediated proliferation. Recently, sphingosine kinase (SK), the enzyme which synthesizes S1P by phosphorylating sphingosine, has been reported to regulate VSMC function in vitro. In order to elucidate the role of SK in VSMC function in vivo, we attempted to develop transgenic mice expressing a sphingosine kinase/Î2-galactosidase transgene in arterial VSMC. Transgenic mice were successfully generated and transmitted the transgene to offspring. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).
Download or read book Adenosine Monophosphate Activated Protein Kinase Inhibits Vascular Smooth Muscle Growth Associated With Vasculoproliferative Disorders written by Joshua Stone and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vascular growth disorders are the major contributing factor to cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Aberrant vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) growth is a primary etiology foundational to the pathophysiology of this disorder. Recent findings support growth control of VSM by the metabolic sensor adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Therefore, the aim of this project was to test our hypothesis that AMPK has ability to inhibit VSM growth in vivo by reducing neointima formation in rat carotid arteries following injury and in vitro by promoting VSMC cytostasis in rat thoracic aorta VSMCs. Our data reveal that local or systemic pre-treatment with the AMPK agonist AICAR significantly increases VSM AMPK activity and inhibits neointima formation in rat carotids following balloon injury. In cultured VSMCs AICAR also induced AMPK signaling and elicited cytostatic growth arrest via protein phosphatase 2A and cyclin- dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor p21-mediated reduction of G0/G1 and S-phase cell cycling. Additionally, data reveal that phosphorylation of microfilament-associated vasodilator-activated serum phosphoprotein (VASP) by AMPK reduces pro-migratory events including microfilament elongation, actin strain-induced autophosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), and focal adhesion turnover. Furthermore, AMPK reduced extracellular matrix proteolysis by matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9. Finally, evidence is provided for a positive signaling nexus between AMPK and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKA) whereby these two systems cooperatively enhance the cytostatic actions of AMPK. Altogether, these results provide compelling evidence that AMPK regulates cytoskeletal/focal adhesion dynamics and cell cycle progression in an effort to reduce VSM growth in both in vitro and in vivo settings. These data increase our understanding of the role of this important metabolic regulator within VSMCs and provide support for its continued investigation in the metabolically- directed treatment of vasculoproliferative disorders.
Download or read book Calmodulin and Signal Transduction written by Linda J. Van Eldik and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Calmodulin and Signal Transduction focuses on emerging themes in the molecular mechanisms of calcium signal transduction through calmodulin-regulated pathways. It provides the reader with selected examples and experimental precedents that underlie current models of cell regulation through calmodulin-regulated pathways and their linkage with other regulatory pathways. Molecular mechanisms of calcium signal transduction through calmodulin-regulated enzymes Selected case studies and precedents related to molecular mechanisms Protein-protein recognition between calmodulin and the enzymes it regulates Cross-talk and interdigitation with other signal transduction pathways
