Download or read book Regulation of the Extracytoplasmic Stress Response in Escherichia Coli written by Lynn Elizabeth Connolly and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Control of the sigma superscript E dependent Extracytoplasmic Stress Response by Regulated Proteolysis written by Benjamin Michael Alba and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Stress and Environmental Regulation of Gene Expression and Adaptation in Bacteria written by Frans J. de Bruijn and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-07-13 with total page 1472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bacteria in various habitats are subject to continuously changing environmental conditions, such as nutrient deprivation, heat and cold stress, UV radiation, oxidative stress, dessication, acid stress, nitrosative stress, cell envelope stress, heavy metal exposure, osmotic stress, and others. In order to survive, they have to respond to these conditions by adapting their physiology through sometimes drastic changes in gene expression. In addition they may adapt by changing their morphology, forming biofilms, fruiting bodies or spores, filaments, Viable But Not Culturable (VBNC) cells or moving away from stress compounds via chemotaxis. Changes in gene expression constitute the main component of the bacterial response to stress and environmental changes, and involve a myriad of different mechanisms, including (alternative) sigma factors, bi- or tri-component regulatory systems, small non-coding RNA’s, chaperones, CHRIS-Cas systems, DNA repair, toxin-antitoxin systems, the stringent response, efflux pumps, alarmones, and modulation of the cell envelope or membranes, to name a few. Many regulatory elements are conserved in different bacteria; however there are endless variations on the theme and novel elements of gene regulation in bacteria inhabiting particular environments are constantly being discovered. Especially in (pathogenic) bacteria colonizing the human body a plethora of bacterial responses to innate stresses such as pH, reactive nitrogen and oxygen species and antibiotic stress are being described. An attempt is made to not only cover model systems but give a broad overview of the stress-responsive regulatory systems in a variety of bacteria, including medically important bacteria, where elucidation of certain aspects of these systems could lead to treatment strategies of the pathogens. Many of the regulatory systems being uncovered are specific, but there is also considerable “cross-talk” between different circuits. Stress and Environmental Regulation of Gene Expression and Adaptation in Bacteria is a comprehensive two-volume work bringing together both review and original research articles on key topics in stress and environmental control of gene expression in bacteria. Volume One contains key overview chapters, as well as content on one/two/three component regulatory systems and stress responses, sigma factors and stress responses, small non-coding RNAs and stress responses, toxin-antitoxin systems and stress responses, stringent response to stress, responses to UV irradiation, SOS and double stranded systems repair systems and stress, adaptation to both oxidative and osmotic stress, and desiccation tolerance and drought stress. Volume Two covers heat shock responses, chaperonins and stress, cold shock responses, adaptation to acid stress, nitrosative stress, and envelope stress, as well as iron homeostasis, metal resistance, quorum sensing, chemotaxis and biofilm formation, and viable but not culturable (VBNC) cells. Covering the full breadth of current stress and environmental control of gene expression studies and expanding it towards future advances in the field, these two volumes are a one-stop reference for (non) medical molecular geneticists interested in gene regulation under stress.

Download or read book Characterisation of a PhoP P1vir Transduction Defect and the Implication for the Regulation of the Extracytoplasmic Stress Response in Escherichia Coli written by Amias Alstrom-Moore and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Bacterial Stress Responses written by Gisela Storz and published by American Society for Microbiology Press. This book was released on 2010-11-16 with total page 1167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gain new insight on utilizing bacterial stress responses to better combat bacterial infection with antibiotics and improve biotechnology. • Reviews the vast number of new findings that have greatly advanced the understanding of bacterial stress responses in the past 10 years. • Explores general regulatory principles, including the latest findings from genomics studies, including new research findings on both specific and general stress responses. • Details how stress responses affect the interactions between bacteria and host cells and covers bacterial stress responses in different niches and communities, with an emphasis on extreme environments.

Download or read book Pushing the Envelope written by Paul Nicola Danese and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Regulation of the Heat Shock Response in Escherichia Coli written by Eric Guisbert and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All organisms utilize the heat shock response to sense the level of unfolded proteins in the cell and adjust the level of chaperones and proteases accordingly. The regulation of the heat shock response has been extensively studied, yet there are still unexplained components. I report three contributions to our understanding of this regulation. First, I show that instead of a single chaperone, a chaperone network consisting of at least DnaK/J and GroEL/S is used to sense unfolded proteins. Second, I provide evidence for an unexpected link between activity control and regulated degradation of sigma32 and suggest that an additional, unidentified factor contributes to the regulation of sigma32 activity. These results are based on analysis of sigma32 mutants defective in activity regulation. Third, I demonstrate that Hfq, and potentially small RNA binding partners, contribute to regulation of sigma32 in at least two distinct ways. Hfq represses DnaK translation, which in turn leads to an increase in sigma 32 activity. Also, Hfq participates in a process that we have termed "long-term adaptation", whereby the activity of sigma32 recovers to normal levels following long-term chaperone overexpression.

Download or read book Regulation of the Periplasmic Stress Responses in E Coli and P Aeruginosa written by Brent O. Cezairliyan and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ability to adapt to changing environments is essential to survival. Bacteria have developed sophisticated means by which they sense and respond to stresses imposed by changes in the environment. I have undertaken the study of elements of the TE stress response pathway in the bacterium Escherichia coli and the orthologous pathway in the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These pathways sense stress in the periplasm and relay the signal into the cytoplasm by a series of proteolytic cleavages of a transmembrane regulatory protein. In E. coli, I have undertaken the study of the regulation of the cleavage of transmembrane regulator RseA by the first protease, DegS. I discovered that RseB, an RseA-binding protein, inhibits cleavage of RseA by DegS. The interaction between RseA and RseB is strong and specific, and the inhibition of cleavage is independent of the autoinhibition of DegS by its PDZ domain. In P. aeruginosa, I have demonstrated that AlgW, the homolog of DegS, cleaves the transmembrane regulator MucA. I have shown similar inhibitory effects of the ortholog of RseB on the ortholog of RseA. Interestingly, the PDZ domain of AlgW appears to function differently from that of DegS. In addition, I observed that a regulatory loop in the AlgW protease plays an inhibitory role in the binding of substrate.

Download or read book Regulation of Bacterial Virulence written by Michael L. Vasil and published by American Society for Microbiology Press. This book was released on 2012-12-05 with total page 1189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive compendium of scholarly contributions relating to bacterial virulence gene regulation. • Provides insights into global control and the switch between distinct infectious states (e.g., acute vs. chronic). • Considers key issues about the mechanisms of gene regulation relating to: surface factors, exported toxins and export mechanisms. • Reflects on how the regulation of intracellular lifestyles and the response to stress can ultimately have an impact on the outcome of an infection. • Highlights and examines some emerging regulatory mechanisms of special significance. • Serves as an ideal compendium of valuable topics for students, researchers and faculty with interests in how the mechanisms of gene regulation ultimately affect the outcome of an array of bacterial infectious diseases.

Download or read book Decoding Transcriptional Regulatory Networks Activated During Stringent Response in Escherichia Coli written by Hemali Bharat Patel and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The stringent response is a response network in bacteria that is triggered by nutrient limitation and involves a global reprogramming of gene transcription, orchestrated largely by a signaling molecule guanosine tetraphosphate (ppGpp). Despite decades of studies on individual genes perturbed during the stringent response in Escherichia coli, the characteristic transcriptional profile and the role of ppGpp in affecting global transcriptional changes during the stringent response had remained to be determined systematically. We provoked the stringent response, in the strain E. coli K-12, by multiple induction pathways and identified the core transcriptional profile that is characteristic of the cellular response to ppGpp accumulation. By comparison of wild type and ppGpp-deficient E. coli mutant strains, we identified the gene expression changes that are specifically dependent upon ppGpp. We found six transcriptional regulators that are recruited in the core stringent response. We show the regulatory targets of one of these six regulators, RpoS. Over 80% of transcriptional regulation was directly or indirectly dependent upon the general stress response sigma factor, RpoS, even in presence of ppGpp. Our findings suggest that ppGpp alone is not capable of mounting a global stringent response, and it relies heavily on transcriptional regulators such as RpoS. Existing regulatory models for ppGpp-mediated regulation suggest a global redistribution of RNA polymerase (RNAP), upon binding with ppGpp, during stringent response. We have shown evidence for such redistribution of RNAP in presence of ppGpp by conducting ChIP-chip analysis of ppGpp-rich and ppGpp-deficient cells with an antibody specific to the alpha-subunit of RNAP. We also correlated transcriptional changes with a phenotype of increased viability in acidic medium, and demonstrated that it was dependent upon both ppGpp and RpoS. We have shown that ppGpp enhances long-term survival, up to two hours, in acid. Our results reveal the significance of stringent response in development of phenotypes that facilitate adaptation in acidic host environments for E. coli.

Download or read book Responses in E Coli to Combinatorial Stress Treatments HCl EDTA H2O2 and CuSO4 written by Steven Middler and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All living organisms adapt to their environment through a series of biochemical responses. Escherichia coli (E. coli) have a plethora of different enzymes, sigma factors, and other biomolecules that assist in stress relief. These experiments showed that E. coli have stress responses for individual stresses. These stress responses are not always additive when exposed to multiple stress factors. Many times an individual stress response is triggered to counteract a single environmental change. Sometimes this same stress response will aid the cells with a different, unrelated stress. When both stresses are present, more of this stress response will materialize as a response to both stresses and will help prevent too much damage to the cell. This is called "cross-protection" of stress. After seeing the results of these experiments, it is believed that E. coli has some global stress responses and many of the biomolecules used to fight stress are involved in cross-protection of multiple stresses. These results were generated using a method where E. coli were grown onto control agar plates as well as plates treated with small concentrations of lethal substances. Using a technique called "Blue/White Screening" and colony counting software, the amount of colonies grown overnight on these plates could be counted. The area of the colonies and the relative amount of ¿ø-galactosidase transcribed and translated could also be measured. The control plates and treated plates were compared using these three criteria. The different individual stresses were also compared. Plates were also treated with combinations of the same stresses and compared to the single treatment plates. Much of the data collected indicated a difference in E. coli's responses to an individual stress and how E. coli would be expected to react if the stress responses were additive. This proves that there was some cross-protection taking place in some instances. Changes in distributions were also examined for each set of plates in order to examine the effect of the stresses on the stochastic nature of E. coli growth and functional protein production. Differences were noticed when comparing the distributions of control plates and stress plates. Differences were seen in different types and combinatorial stressors as well. The second half of the experiments done here focused on using high performance liquid chromatography to find differences in concentration of molecules in E. coli extracts that were treated with hydrogen peroxide for a brief amount of time and control E. coli extracts not put under any stress. This experiment proved to be too inconsistent to learn any facts. There was an issue with the chemistry involved in the E. coli extracts reactions with the indicator molecules used to find free thiols and free amines in the extracts.

Download or read book Molecular Analysis of Small RNA and Small Protein Regulation of Escherichia Coli Stress Responses written by Chelsea Royal Lloyd and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Escherichia Coli Responses to Acid stress written by Hrishiraj Sen and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Regulation of the Escherichia Coli Stress Responses by Modulation of Transcript Stability Through the Cold Shock Proteins CspC and CspE written by Yotam Shenhar and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Stress and Environmental Regulation of Gene Expression and Adaptation in Bacteria written by Frans J. de Bruijn and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-07-01 with total page 1464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bacteria in various habitats are subject to continuously changing environmental conditions, such as nutrient deprivation, heat and cold stress, UV radiation, oxidative stress, dessication, acid stress, nitrosative stress, cell envelope stress, heavy metal exposure, osmotic stress, and others. In order to survive, they have to respond to these conditions by adapting their physiology through sometimes drastic changes in gene expression. In addition they may adapt by changing their morphology, forming biofilms, fruiting bodies or spores, filaments, Viable But Not Culturable (VBNC) cells or moving away from stress compounds via chemotaxis. Changes in gene expression constitute the main component of the bacterial response to stress and environmental changes, and involve a myriad of different mechanisms, including (alternative) sigma factors, bi- or tri-component regulatory systems, small non-coding RNA’s, chaperones, CHRIS-Cas systems, DNA repair, toxin-antitoxin systems, the stringent response, efflux pumps, alarmones, and modulation of the cell envelope or membranes, to name a few. Many regulatory elements are conserved in different bacteria; however there are endless variations on the theme and novel elements of gene regulation in bacteria inhabiting particular environments are constantly being discovered. Especially in (pathogenic) bacteria colonizing the human body a plethora of bacterial responses to innate stresses such as pH, reactive nitrogen and oxygen species and antibiotic stress are being described. An attempt is made to not only cover model systems but give a broad overview of the stress-responsive regulatory systems in a variety of bacteria, including medically important bacteria, where elucidation of certain aspects of these systems could lead to treatment strategies of the pathogens. Many of the regulatory systems being uncovered are specific, but there is also considerable “cross-talk” between different circuits. Stress and Environmental Regulation of Gene Expression and Adaptation in Bacteria is a comprehensive two-volume work bringing together both review and original research articles on key topics in stress and environmental control of gene expression in bacteria. Volume One contains key overview chapters, as well as content on one/two/three component regulatory systems and stress responses, sigma factors and stress responses, small non-coding RNAs and stress responses, toxin-antitoxin systems and stress responses, stringent response to stress, responses to UV irradiation, SOS and double stranded systems repair systems and stress, adaptation to both oxidative and osmotic stress, and desiccation tolerance and drought stress. Volume Two covers heat shock responses, chaperonins and stress, cold shock responses, adaptation to acid stress, nitrosative stress, and envelope stress, as well as iron homeostasis, metal resistance, quorum sensing, chemotaxis and biofilm formation, and viable but not culturable (VBNC) cells. Covering the full breadth of current stress and environmental control of gene expression studies and expanding it towards future advances in the field, these two volumes are a one-stop reference for (non) medical molecular geneticists interested in gene regulation under stress.

Download or read book Bacterial Signaling written by Reinhard Krämer and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-12-09 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing a comprehensive insight into cellular signaling processes in bacteria with a special focus on biotechnological implications, this is the first book to cover intercellular as well as intracellular signaling and its relevance for biofilm formation, host pathogen interactions, symbiotic relationships, and photo- and chemotaxis. In addition, it deals in detail with principal bacterial signaling mechanisms -- making this a valuable resource for all advanced students in microbiology. Dr. Krämer is a world-renowned expert in intracellular signaling and its implications for biotechnology processes, while Dr. Jung is an expert on intercellular signaling and its relevance for biomedicine and agriculture.

Download or read book Prokaryotic Metabolism and Physiology written by Byung Hong Kim and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-05-16 with total page 509 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extensive and up-to-date review of key metabolic processes in bacteria and archaea and how metabolism is regulated under various conditions.