Download or read book Regulation of Neuropeptide Y Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide and Their Receptors in Trigeminal Ganglion Neurons and Glia in Response to Adjuvant induced Inflammation written by Debra D. DeLoach and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Activation of trigeminal nerves is involved in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) inflammation and pain transmission. Neuropeptide Y (NPY), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), and their receptors have been implicated in the underlying pathology of temporomandibular joint disorders. The goal of this study was to investigate activation of NPY, VIP, and their receptors in a model of TMJ inflammation using immunohistochemistry. TMJ inflammation was created by bilateral injections of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) into the joint of rats, mimicking mechanical allodynia seen in TMJ disorder. Trigeminal ganglia were dissected after 1, 3, and 5 days after CFA-treatment. NPY expression was observed in Day 1 and Day 5 tissues, with localization to glial cells, and to both neurons and glial cells, respectively. NPY receptor, NPY Y2 was upregulated in Day 1 tissues, localized to neurons and glia. VIP expression was observed in Day 1 and Day 5 tissues, with localization to glial cells, and to both neurons and glial cells, respectively. VIP receptor, VIP R1 was upregulated in Day 3 tissues. Results from my study provide evidence to support a role of NPY, VIP, and their receptors in mediating neuronal and glial cell activation in trigeminal ganglion that is likely to contribute to TMJ pathology and contribute to peripheral sensitization within the ganglion.

Download or read book Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide CGRP Novel Biology and Treatments written by Susan D. Brain and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-08-17 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism written by Lars Edvinsson and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written and edited by the world's foremost authorities, the Second Edition of this landmark work is a current, comprehensive reference on cerebral blood flow and metabolism. The book covers the entire field in a systematic and coherent way and synthesizes the diverse body of basic science and clinical literature. The reader will gain a complete understanding of the anatomical, physiological, and pharmacological bases of the cerebral circulation, its regulation in health and disease, and the pathophysiological disturbances occurring in cerebrovascular disorders. Coverage includes stimulating discussions of future directions for research and therapeutic intervention.

Download or read book Mast Cells written by Guha Krishnaswamy and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-04 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A cutting-edge collection of readily reproducible techniques for the isolation, culture, and study of activation and signaling in human mast cells. These methods take advantage of the latest advances in molecular biology, technology, and information science. They include methods for the identification of mast cells, the development of mast cells in vitro, the study of mast cell signaling and gene expression, and the measurement of mast cell expression of inflammatory mediators. Additional chapters cover methods for studying mast cell interactions with other cell types (endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and B cells), the roles of mast cells in host defense, and mast cell apoptosis.

Download or read book Chemical Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 2726 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Cytokines and Pain written by L.R. Watkins and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-03-08 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Within the past few years, it has become recognized that the immune system communicates to the brain. Substances released from activated immune cells (cytokines) stimulate peripheral nerves, thereby signaling the brain and spinal cord that infection/inflammation has occurred. Additionally, peripheral infection/inflammation leads to de novo synthesis and release of cytokines within the brain and spinal cord. Thus, cytokines effect neural activation both peripherally and centrally. Through this communication pathway, cytokines such as interleukin-1, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor markedly alter brain function, physiology and behavior. One important but underrecognized aspect of this communication is the dramatic impact that immune activation has on pain modulation. The purpose of this book is to examine, for the first time, immune-to-brain communication from the viewpoint of its effect on pain processing. It is aimed both at the basic scientist and health care providers, in order to clarify the major role that substances released by immune cells play in pain modulation. This book contains chapters contributed by all of the major laboratories focused on understanding how cytokines modulate pain. These chapters provide a unique vantage point from which to examine this question, as the summarized work ranges from evolutionary approaches across diverse species, to the basics of the immune response, to the effect of cytokines on peripheral and central nervous system sites, to therapeutic potential in humans.

Download or read book Neuroimmunology of the Skin written by Richard D. Granstein and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-02-08 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Much anecdotal information has suggested an influence of psychology and the nervous system on immunity within the skin and the expression of inflammatory skin disorders. Recent years have seen an explosion of knowledge providing a scientific basis for important regulatory interactions between the nervous system, the endocrine system and the immune system within the skin. The results of recent investigations have important implications, not only for an understanding of cutaneous immunity, but also for the development of novel treatments for diseases involving abnormal inflammation or immune reactivity within the skin. This book provides a comprehensive and interdisciplinary review of the molecular biology, cell biology, biochemistry and clinical aspects of nervous system–immune system interactions within the skin. It includes contributions from leading world experts in these areas. The contents are relevant to both investigators and clinicians interested in the skin, its functions and its disorders.

Download or read book Histamine in the brain written by Jian-Sheng Lin and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-03-18 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brain aminergic pathways are organized in parallel and interacting systems, which support a range of functions, from homoeostatic regulations to cognitive, and motivational processes. Despite overlapping functional influences, dopamine, serotonin, noradrenaline and histamine systems provide different contributions to these processes. The histaminergic system, long ignored as a major regulator of the sleep-wake cycle, has now been fully acknowledged also as a major coordinator of attention, learning and memory, decision making. Although histaminergic neurons project widely to the whole brain, they are functionally heterogeneous, a feature which may provide the substrate for differential regulation, in a region-specific manner, of other neurotransmitter systems. Neurochemical preclinical studies have clearly shown that histamine interacts and modulates the release of neurotransmitters that are recognized as major modulators of cognitive processing and motivated behaviours. As a consequence, the histamine system has been proposed as a therapeutic target to treat sleep-wake disorders and cognitive dysfunctions that accompany neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory pathologies. Last decades have witnessed an unexpected explosion of interest in brain histamine system, as new receptors have been discovered and selective ligands synthesised. Nevertheless, the complete picture of the histamine systems fine-tuning and its orchestration with other pathways remains rather elusive. This Research Topic is intended to offer an inter-disciplinary forum that will improve our current understanding of the role of brain histamine and provide the fundamentals necessary to drive innovation in clinical practice and to improve the management and treatment of neurological disorders.

Download or read book The Peptidergic Neuron written by B. Krisch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1996-07-30 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These conference papers review the current state of research in the field of neuropeptides and peptergic neurons. Special topics concern molecular aspects of processing, release and degradation of neuropeptides, receptors and signal transduction, and comparative and behavioural aspects.

Download or read book Autonomic Nervous System written by Daniel Pedro Cardinali and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-04 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A traditional view of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) considers only its peripheral part: the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. However, this view misses to consider the most important ANS function: the maintenance of homeostasis. This term is used today to define not only the strategies that allow the body proper response to changes in the environment (reactive homeostasis), but also temporal mechanisms that allow the body to predict the most likely timing of environmental stimuli (predictive homeostasis based on biological rhythms). This book discusses the ANS from both an enlarged and a timed perspective. First, it presents how the organization of the ANS is hierarchical into different levels. Following that, the book discusses how the ANS changes functionally in the three-body configurations (wakefulness, slow sleep, rapid eye movement sleep) found in a 24-hour cycle. Finally, the most important clinical implications of this enlarged and timed vision of ANS will be discussed. Autonomic Nervous System – Basic and Clinical Aspects is a comprehensive text intended for medical students and health professionals who are interested in a deeper approach to this important part of the nervous system. It provides a detailed and complete understanding of the neuroscience behind the ANS, allowing a proper clinical applicability of this knowledge.

Download or read book Cumulated Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 1384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Functional Neuroanatomy of Pain written by K.G. Usunoff and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-02-27 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pain is an unpleasant but very important biological signal for danger. Nociception is necessary for survival and maintaining the integrity of the organism in a potentially hostile environment. Pain is both a sensory experience and a perceptual metaphor for damage and it is activated by noxious stimuli that act on a complex pain sensory apparatus. However, chronic pain having no more a protective role can become a ruining disease itself, termed "neuropathic pain".

Download or read book Magnesium in the Central Nervous System written by Robert Vink and published by University of Adelaide Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The brain is the most complex organ in our body. Indeed, it is perhaps the most complex structure we have ever encountered in nature. Both structurally and functionally, there are many peculiarities that differentiate the brain from all other organs. The brain is our connection to the world around us and by governing nervous system and higher function, any disturbance induces severe neurological and psychiatric disorders that can have a devastating effect on quality of life. Our understanding of the physiology and biochemistry of the brain has improved dramatically in the last two decades. In particular, the critical role of cations, including magnesium, has become evident, even if incompletely understood at a mechanistic level. The exact role and regulation of magnesium, in particular, remains elusive, largely because intracellular levels are so difficult to routinely quantify. Nonetheless, the importance of magnesium to normal central nervous system activity is self-evident given the complicated homeostatic mechanisms that maintain the concentration of this cation within strict limits essential for normal physiology and metabolism. There is also considerable accumulating evidence to suggest alterations to some brain functions in both normal and pathological conditions may be linked to alterations in local magnesium concentration. This book, containing chapters written by some of the foremost experts in the field of magnesium research, brings together the latest in experimental and clinical magnesium research as it relates to the central nervous system. It offers a complete and updated view of magnesiums involvement in central nervous system function and in so doing, brings together two main pillars of contemporary neuroscience research, namely providing an explanation for the molecular mechanisms involved in brain function, and emphasizing the connections between the molecular changes and behavior. It is the untiring efforts of those magnesium researchers who have dedicated their lives to unraveling the mysteries of magnesiums role in biological systems that has inspired the collation of this volume of work.

Download or read book The Essence of Analgesia and Analgesics written by Raymond S. Sinatra and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-10-14 with total page 551 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Essence of Analgesia and Analgesics is an invaluable practical resource for clinicians giving pain relief in any clinical setting, describing the pharmacologic principles and clinical use of all available pain medications. As well as detailed overviews of pain processing and analgesic theory, sections are dedicated to oral and panteral opioid analgesics, neuraxial opioids, NSAIDs, local anesthetics, anticonvulsant type analgesics, NMDA antagonists, alpha adrenergic analgesics, antidepressant analgesics, muscle relaxants, adjuvant medications, and new and emerging analgesics. The concise format of the chapters allows for quick and easy reading and assimilation of information. Enhanced by summary tables and figures, each chapter provides an overview of a particular drug, covering chemical structure, mode of activity, indications, contraindications, common doses and uses, advantages and disadvantages, and drug related adverse events. Key references are also provided. Edited by leading experts in pain management, this is essential reading for any clinician involved in pain management.

Download or read book Atlas of Clinical Neurology written by Roger N. Rosenberg and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: '---~~~~-~~---------------. . . . . . . . . -. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ••••••• he year 2001 marks the beginning of a new millenium, and (chromosome 1) result in dominantly inherited AD. A major risk T the second edition of the Atlas of Clinical Neurology high factor for AD is the presence of the E4 allele of apolipoprotein E lights and underscores the enormous strides being made in (chromosome 19). Additional detailed images related to the the biologic understanding of neurologic disease. Neurology is a dementias are included in the second edition of the Atlas. These highly visual specialty. The neurologic examination, magnetic reso clinical-molecular correlations are all very recent and attest to the nance imaging, electroencephalography, positron-emission tomo scientific vigor of current neuroscientific research. It is my view that graphic (PET) and functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) scan these new data will lead in the near future to effective new therapy ning, and light- and electron-microscopy are examples of visual for AD that will slow its rate of progress and reduce significantly images that define neurologic disease and normal brain functions. the incidence of this major, debilitating disease. Positron-emission This Atlas of Clinical Neurology has been designed to provide a pic tomographic and fMRI brain scanning have effectively defined torial comprehensive visual exposition and integration of all aspects regional brain areas for behaviors.

Download or read book Essentials of Regional Anesthesia written by Alan D. Kaye and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-12-21 with total page 818 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a compact, single-source guide to regional anesthesia. Chapters are authored by regional anesthesia fellowship directors and fellows to insure maximum practicality and up-to-date coverage. Essentials of Regional Anesthesia covers all anatomical regions as well as the unique considerations in patients with chronic pain, obstetric patients, pediatric patients, and patients treated in the outpatient setting. A common chapter format makes it easy to find information quickly, and extensive illustrations enhance the text. Stay current with Essentials of Regional Anesthesia, and stay ahead with these helpful features: • Ultrasound incorporated into each block • Extremely practical focus • More than 400 Q & As to test knowledge • Authored by regional anesthesia fellowship directors and fellows • Clinical pearls and guidance on complications • Concise, clinically oriented review of relevant basic science • Common chapter format for ease of use • Well illustrated with 350 figures, nearly 200 in color

Download or read book Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase Activating Polypeptide written by Hubert Vaudry and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide is the first volume to be written on the neuropeptide PACAP. It covers all domains of PACAP from molecular and cellular aspects to physiological activities and promises for new therapeutic strategies. Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide is the twentieth volume published in the Endocrine Updates book series under the Series Editorship of Shlomo Melmed, MD.