Download or read book Regulation of Motility in Escherichia Coli written by Daniel Sommer Mytelka and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Regulation of Motility in Escherichia Coli written by Charles J. Louise and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Role of Motility and Its Regulation in Escherichia Coli Biofilm Formation written by Verena Maria Suchanek and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Variation in Surface Motility of Non pathogenic and Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli written by Sankalya Ambagaspitiye Gedara and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a gram negative rod shape bacterium that is part of the natural intestinal microflora of humans and animals. However E. coli is also an opportunistic pathogen and uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) is the causative agent for majority of urinary tract infections. Most E. coli strains are motile and studies on E. coli motility is mainly confined to flagella-mediated swimming in a liquid medium and swarming on a semi-solid surface. The importance of motility on the virulence of uropathogenic E. coli is poorly understood. The objective of the current research is to understand various motility mechanisms observed in non-pathogenic and uropathogenic E. coli strains. This study identified three forms of motility in E. coli: a fast, nonpattern-forming, flagella-mediated motility, a slow pattern-forming type I fimbriae-mediated motility, and a flagella- and fimbriae-independent form of motility that was specific to W3110- LR strain. In a glucose-supplemented motility medium, fimbriae-mediated motility is favored in non-pathogenic strains derived from E. coli K-12 due to lack of activation of flagella from low levels of cyclic-AMP. Several non-pathogenic E.coli strains that displayed fast motility carried an insertion element in the flhDC promoter region and IS elements upregulate flagellar gene expression. Occasionally, slow-moving strains acquired the insertion element and began to exhibit flagella-mediated fast motility. In contrast to these results, three uropathogenic E. coli strains exhibited fast, flagella-mediated surface motility, and these strains did not have an insertion in flhDC promoter. Glucose prevented flagella-dependent swimming for the nonpathogenic strains, but did not prevent swimming for the pathogenic strains: we propose that regulation of cyclic-AMP synthesis, which is required for flagella synthesis is different in uropathogenic strains. To address the lack of knowledge about type I fimbriae mediated motility, we investigated the regulation and metabolic requirements associated with it. The deletion of regulators such as FimZ, H-NS, HdfR, IHF, OmpR, DksA and RcsB inhibited fimbriae-mediated surface motility. Analysis of regulator mutants indicated a possible mutually exclusive synthesis of flagella and fimbriae in the bacterial cell. In non-pathogenic E. coli strains glucose degradation via the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway and an oxidative TCA cycle facilitated fimbriae-mediated motility. However, uropathogenic strain UTI89 did not appear to require glycolysis but was completely dependent on TCA cycle for energy generation during flagella-mediated surface motility.

Download or read book Regulation of Swarming Motility by Polyamines in Escherichia Coli and Enzymatic Assay of D mannose from Urine written by Iti Mehta and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Swarming is a type of surface motility behavior exhibited by a few bacterial families. Polyamines are aliphatic cations known to modulate protein synthesis and impact gene expression and we studied the role of these polyamines in modulating swarming in Escherichia coli. There are nine enzymes that synthesize polyamines (putrescine, spermidine and cadaverine) in E. coli. Chapter 2 describes the requirement of putrescine in regulating swarming motility in E.coli. Analysis of different genetic knockouts in the polyamine anabolic pathways showed that putrescine, but not spermidine, is important for swarming. Putrescine transport and catabolism were also shown to be critical for this type of surface movement behavior. Evidence is presented that suggests that one function of putrescine is to provide resistance to oxidative stress during swarming. Urinary tract infections are one of the most common bacterial infections in humans. Many studies show that D-mannose ingestion diminishes the frequency of urinary tract infections, perhaps by blocking the binding of pathogenic bacteria to the bladder epithelium. We want to test whether women susceptible to urinary tract infections have low urinary D-mannose, and whether oral D-mannose increases urinary D-mannose. However, there is no published technique to specifically and sensitively measure D-mannose in urine. I developed a reliable, precise, sensitive, and fast enzymatic method to measure D mannosuria in women, and this assay is described in Chapter 3. This reliable method of measuring D-mannosuria may prove useful to determine the efficacy and optimize the intake (dose, intake frequency, elimination ratio) of Dmannose in women suffering from recurrent urinary tract infections. Chapter 4 discusses the results from a published article where it is shown that CyuA is a major anaerobic cysteine catabolism enzyme in both E. coli and S. enterica. My contribution was to examine regulation of cyuA in E. coli. In this paper, we presented evidence that CyuA was present in the Last Universal Common Ancestor (LUCA).

Download or read book The Role of BarA Sensor Kinase in Regulation of Motility Attachment Invasion and Biofilm Formation in Escherichia Coli K 12 written by Sharmistha Acharya and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Positive Regulation of Acetate Metabolism and Motility by the RNA binding Protein CsrA in Escherichia Coli written by Bangdong L. Wei and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Colonic Motility written by Sushil K. Sarna and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2010-11-01 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three distinct types of contractions perform colonic motility functions. Rhythmic phasic contractions (RPCs) cause slow net distal propulsion with extensive mixing/turning over. Infrequently occurring giant migrating contractions (GMCs) produce mass movements. Tonic contractions aid RPCs in their motor function. The spatiotemporal patterns of these contractions differ markedly. The amplitude and distance of propagation of a GMC are several-fold larger than those of an RPC. The enteric neurons and smooth muscle cells are the core regulators of all three types of contractions. The regulation of contractions by these mechanisms is modifiable by extrinsic factors: CNS, autonomic neurons, hormones, inflammatory mediators, and stress mediators. Only the GMCs produce descending inhibition, which accommodates the large bolus being propelled without increasing muscle tone. The strong compression of the colon wall generates afferent signals that are below nociceptive threshold in healthy subjects. However, these signals become nociceptive; if the amplitudes of GMCs increase, afferent nerves become hypersensitive, or descending inhibition is impaired. The GMCs also provide the force for rapid propulsion of feces and descending inhibition to relax the internal anal sphincter during defecation. The dysregulation of GMCs is a major factor in colonic motility disorders: irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and diverticular disease (DD). Frequent mass movements by GMCs cause diarrhea in diarrhea predominant IBS, IBD, and DD, while a decrease in the frequency of GMCs causes constipation. The GMCs generate the afferent signals for intermittent short-lived episodes of abdominal cramping in these disorders. Epigenetic dysregulation due to adverse events in early life is one of the major factors in generating the symptoms of IBS in adulthood.

Download or read book Regulatory Mechanisms in the Coordination of Motility and Curli Fimbriae mediated Adhesion in Escherichia Coli written by Christina Pesavento and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Regulation of Twitching Motility in Pseudomonas Aeruginosa by the Las and Rhl Quorum sensing Systems and the Distribution of the NarG Gene of Escherichia Coli Among Denitrifying Bacteria written by Alex Lee Glessner and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Stress and Environmental Regulation of Gene Expression and Adaptation in Bacteria written by Frans J. de Bruijn and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-07-13 with total page 1472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bacteria in various habitats are subject to continuously changing environmental conditions, such as nutrient deprivation, heat and cold stress, UV radiation, oxidative stress, dessication, acid stress, nitrosative stress, cell envelope stress, heavy metal exposure, osmotic stress, and others. In order to survive, they have to respond to these conditions by adapting their physiology through sometimes drastic changes in gene expression. In addition they may adapt by changing their morphology, forming biofilms, fruiting bodies or spores, filaments, Viable But Not Culturable (VBNC) cells or moving away from stress compounds via chemotaxis. Changes in gene expression constitute the main component of the bacterial response to stress and environmental changes, and involve a myriad of different mechanisms, including (alternative) sigma factors, bi- or tri-component regulatory systems, small non-coding RNA’s, chaperones, CHRIS-Cas systems, DNA repair, toxin-antitoxin systems, the stringent response, efflux pumps, alarmones, and modulation of the cell envelope or membranes, to name a few. Many regulatory elements are conserved in different bacteria; however there are endless variations on the theme and novel elements of gene regulation in bacteria inhabiting particular environments are constantly being discovered. Especially in (pathogenic) bacteria colonizing the human body a plethora of bacterial responses to innate stresses such as pH, reactive nitrogen and oxygen species and antibiotic stress are being described. An attempt is made to not only cover model systems but give a broad overview of the stress-responsive regulatory systems in a variety of bacteria, including medically important bacteria, where elucidation of certain aspects of these systems could lead to treatment strategies of the pathogens. Many of the regulatory systems being uncovered are specific, but there is also considerable “cross-talk” between different circuits. Stress and Environmental Regulation of Gene Expression and Adaptation in Bacteria is a comprehensive two-volume work bringing together both review and original research articles on key topics in stress and environmental control of gene expression in bacteria. Volume One contains key overview chapters, as well as content on one/two/three component regulatory systems and stress responses, sigma factors and stress responses, small non-coding RNAs and stress responses, toxin-antitoxin systems and stress responses, stringent response to stress, responses to UV irradiation, SOS and double stranded systems repair systems and stress, adaptation to both oxidative and osmotic stress, and desiccation tolerance and drought stress. Volume Two covers heat shock responses, chaperonins and stress, cold shock responses, adaptation to acid stress, nitrosative stress, and envelope stress, as well as iron homeostasis, metal resistance, quorum sensing, chemotaxis and biofilm formation, and viable but not culturable (VBNC) cells. Covering the full breadth of current stress and environmental control of gene expression studies and expanding it towards future advances in the field, these two volumes are a one-stop reference for (non) medical molecular geneticists interested in gene regulation under stress.

Download or read book Regulation of Synthesis of Flagella in Escherichia Coli and Bacterial Responses to Electricity written by Wenyuan Shi and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book CDC Yellow Book 2018 Health Information for International Travel written by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-04-17 with total page 705 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: THE ESSENTIAL WORK IN TRAVEL MEDICINE -- NOW COMPLETELY UPDATED FOR 2018 As unprecedented numbers of travelers cross international borders each day, the need for up-to-date, practical information about the health challenges posed by travel has never been greater. For both international travelers and the health professionals who care for them, the CDC Yellow Book 2018: Health Information for International Travel is the definitive guide to staying safe and healthy anywhere in the world. The fully revised and updated 2018 edition codifies the U.S. government's most current health guidelines and information for international travelers, including pretravel vaccine recommendations, destination-specific health advice, and easy-to-reference maps, tables, and charts. The 2018 Yellow Book also addresses the needs of specific types of travelers, with dedicated sections on: · Precautions for pregnant travelers, immunocompromised travelers, and travelers with disabilities · Special considerations for newly arrived adoptees, immigrants, and refugees · Practical tips for last-minute or resource-limited travelers · Advice for air crews, humanitarian workers, missionaries, and others who provide care and support overseas Authored by a team of the world's most esteemed travel medicine experts, the Yellow Book is an essential resource for travelers -- and the clinicians overseeing their care -- at home and abroad.

Download or read book Influence of Cranberry Derived Materials on the Motility of Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli written by Michelle Chan and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common type of infection acquired in hospitals and nursing homes. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the most common etiological agent of uncomplicated UTIs. Cranberry derived materials (CDMs), including a component in cranberry known as proanthocyanidin, have been linked to UTI prevention because of their anti-microbial, anti-infective, and anti-adhesive properties. In this thesis, the effect of CDMs on flagella-mediated motility of UPEC was investigated. Swimming and swarming motility, both dependent on flagella, are hindered when the bacteria are grown in the presence of CDMs. When E. coli are exposed to CDMs, a reporter of flagellin expression as well as qRT-PCR data consistently show a downregulation of the flagellin gene, fliC, which precludes flagella synthesis. These data were complemented with images of E. coli grown in the presence of CDMs, which revealed fewer flagella than on bacteria grown under control conditions. CDMs were also incorporated into silicone, which is a common material used in the manufacture of urinary catheters. The bioactivity of the CDMs in the silicone was quantified by its ability to release CDMs into an aqueous environment and decrease fliC expression of E. coli grown in the presence of the CDM-incorporated silicone. Furthermore, CDM-incorporated silicone inhibited the swarming of Proteus mirabilis across the silicone surface. Flagella-mediated motility has been suggested to enable bacteria to disseminate to the urinary tract, to escape host immune responses and to move to new sites within the urinary tract. Because CDMs inhibit flagella-mediated motility via downregulation of the flagellin gene, fliC, these findings could prove to be effective during in vivo settings for UTI prevention and for application in medical devices. " --

Download or read book Bacterial Signal Transduction Networks and Drug Targets written by Ryutaro Utsumi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-05 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fascinating book encourages many microbiologists and students to enter the new world of signal transduction in microbiology. Over the past decade, a vast amount of exciting new information on the signal transduction pathway in bacteria has been unearthed.

Download or read book Microbiology of Waterborne Diseases written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-11-08 with total page 719 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of Microbiology of Waterborne Diseases describes the diseases associated with water, their causative agents and the ways in which they gain access to water systems. The book is divided into sections covering bacteria, protozoa, and viruses. Other sections detail methods for detecting and identifying waterborne microorganisms, and the ways in which they are removed from water, including chlorine, ozone, and ultraviolet disinfection. The second edition of this handbook has been updated with information on biofilms and antimicrobial resistance. The impact of global warming and climate change phenomena on waterborne illnesses are also discussed. This book serves as an indispensable reference for public health microbiologists, water utility scientists, research water pollution microbiologists environmental health officers, consultants in communicable disease control and microbial water pollution students. Focuses on the microorganisms of most significance to public health, including E. coli, cryptosporidium, and enterovirus Highlights the basic microbiology, clinical features, survival in the environment, and gives a risk assessment for each pathogen Contains new material on antimicrobial resistance and biofilms Covers drinking water and both marine and freshwater recreational bathing waters

Download or read book Bacillus Subtilis and Other Gram positive Bacteria written by A. L. Sonenshein and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: