Download or read book Regulation of Circadian Clocks and Metabolism by Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor written by Canxin Xu and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a ligand-dependent transcription factor, plays a crucial role in regulation of xenobiotic metabolism. AhR is also involved in dioxin-induced metabolic disorders and alteration of circadian rhythm. Furthermore, circadian clock disruption and metabolic dysfunction are integrally associated with each other. This study was designed to understand the mechanisms by which AhR contributes to regulation of circadian clocks, fat metabolism and glucose homeostasis. Collectively, these data suggest that AhR signaling could be a potential target for treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes, and AhR antagonist may be developed into a drug for these metabolic diseases.
Download or read book Lipid Transfer in Lipoprotein Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease written by Xian-Cheng Jiang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-23 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an up-to-date review of the fundamentals of lipid metabolism and its role in cardiovascular diseases. Focusing on lipid transfer proteins in the circulation and cells, the role of important lipid transporters, the effect of recently discovered lipid binding proteins, and the link between lipid metabolism disorders and cardiovascular diseases, it covers phospholipid transfer protein, cholesteryl ester transfer protein, lipopolysaccharide binding protein, microsomal triglyceride transfer protein, ABC binding cassette members, and more. The book offers graduate students and researchers a coherent overview of lipid transfer and transport, as well as the limitations of current research in the field, and promotes further studies on cardiovascular diseases, as well as pharmaceutical research on drug discovery based on lipid transfer, transport, and binding.
Download or read book Regulation of Circadian Clocks and Metabolism by Synthetic AhR Agonist naphthoflavone in Mice written by Mingwei Sun and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Circadian Rhythms and Metabolism written by Etienne Challet and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2017-09-18 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the major breakthroughs of the last decade in the understanding of energy homeostasis is the identification of a reciprocal control between circadian rhythmicity and cellular metabolism. Circadian rhythmicity is a fundamental endogenous process of almost every organism living on Earth. For instance, the alternation of hunger and satiety is not continuous over 24 h, but is instead structured in time along the light/dark cycle. In mammals, the temporal organization of metabolism, physiology and behavior around 24 h is controlled by a network of multiple cellular clocks, synchronized via neuronal and hormonal signals by a master clock located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus. This central circadian conductor in the brain is mainly reset by ambient light perceived by the retina, while secondary circadian clocks in other brain areas and peripheral organs can be reset by meal timing. Chronic disruption of circadian rhythms, as seen in human shift-workers (up to 20% of the active population), has been associated with the development of a number of adverse mental and metabolic conditions. Understanding of the functional links between circadian desynchronization and overall health in animal models and humans, however, is still scarce. Interactions between circadian clocks and metabolism can occur at different levels: the molecular clockwork, internal synchronization via neuro-hormonal signals, or external synchronization via photic or feeding cues. This Research Topic comprises a number of reviews as well as research and methods articles that feature recent advancements in the mechanisms linking circadian clocks with energy metabolism, and the pathophysiological implications of these interactions for metabolic health.
Download or read book Central Regulation of Energy Metabolism With Special Reference To Circadian Rhythm written by Katsuya Nagai and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2022-03-22 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This excellent book describes the roles of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus as a regulatory center of homeostatic mechanism and a circadian oscillator in mammals, including humans. The authors emphasize two important points based on their findings: 1) SCN plays a critical role in central regulation of energy metabolism through which a constant supply of glucose to the central nervous system (CNS) is well maintained; and 2) neurons responsible for the regulation of energy metabolism are located in the ventrolateral part of the SCN and receive retinal neural inputs through both the retinohypothalamic tract and the geniculohypothalamic tract. The authors then discuss the evolutionary importance of these points to the survival of mammals on earth. Other topics examined include the involvement of light in the regulation of neural activity of the autonomic nervous system through the retina and SCN, in addition to the relation of the SCN with regulations of other autonomic nerve functions, such as blood pressure and body temperature. Central Regulation of Energy Metabolism with Special Reference to Circadian Rhythm is important reading for researchers and students in neuroendocrinologists, neurobiologists, biochemists, endocrinologists, physiologists, chronobiologists, psychologists, pharmacologists, and others interested in the topic.
Download or read book A Time for Metabolism and Hormones written by Paolo Sassone-Corsi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-04-04 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent years have seen spectacular advances in the field of circadian biology. These have attracted the interest of researchers in many fields, including endocrinology, neurosciences, cancer, and behavior. By integrating a circadian view within the fields of endocrinology and metabolism, researchers will be able to reveal many, yet-unsuspected aspects of how organisms cope with changes in the environment and subsequent control of homeostasis. This field is opening new avenues in our understanding of metabolism and endocrinology. A panel of the most distinguished investigators in the field gathered together to discuss the present state and the future of the field. The editors trust that this volume will be of use to those colleagues who will be picking up the challenge to unravel how the circadian clock can be targeted for the future development of specific pharmacological strategies toward a number of pathologies.
Download or read book The Circadian Clock written by Urs Albrecht and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-01-23 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the invitation to edit this volume, I wanted to take the opportunity to assemble reviews on different aspects of circadian clocks and rhythms. Although most c- tributions in this volume focus on mammalian circadian clocks, the historical int- duction and comparative clocks section illustrate the importance of various other organisms in deciphering the mechanisms and principles of circadian biology. Circadian rhythms have been studied for centuries, but only recently, a mole- lar understanding of this process has emerged. This has taken research on circadian clocks from mystic phenomenology to a mechanistic level; chains of molecular events can describe phenomena with remarkable accuracy. Nevertheless, current models of the functioning of circadian clocks are still rudimentary. This is not due to the faultiness of discovered mechanisms, but due to the lack of undiscovered processes involved in contributing to circadian rhythmicity. We know for example, that the general circadian mechanism is not regulated equally in all tissues of m- mals. Hence, a lot still needs to be discovered to get a full understanding of cir- dian rhythms at the systems level. In this respect, technology has advanced at high speed in the last years and provided us with data illustrating the sheer complexity of regulation of physiological processes in organisms. To handle this information, computer aided integration of the results is of utmost importance in order to d- cover novel concepts that ultimately need to be tested experimentally.
Download or read book The Genetics of Circadian Rhythms written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2011-09-16 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This latest volume in Advances in Genetics covers the genetics of Circadian rhythms. With an international group of authors this volume is the latest offering in this widely praised series.
Download or read book Mechanisms of Circadian Systems in Animals and Their Clinical Relevance written by Raúl Aguilar-Roblero and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-31 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Well known experts in the field of Chronobiology from around the world, provide an integrative view of the state of the art of circadian biology. At present, genetic and epigenetic interaction of regulatory pathways among circadian oscillators, metabolic networks, cellular differentiation and neuronal communication are subject of intense scrutiny. The book is organized in three sections: The first includes selected examples of the circadian systems of crustaceans, insects, fish, birds and mammals. The second is a detailed view of the physiological mechanisms underlying the circadian clocks in mammals. Finally, in the third section some examples of the relevance of circadian biology and circadian misalignment to health and disease are provided including nutrition and metabolism, obesity, cancer, cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, Huntington and affective diseases. This section concludes with a brief review on gene therapy and its potential use as a therapeutic tool to correct “clock genes” pathologies. This book is aimed at all those interested in contemporary aspects of physiology, biochemistry and molecular biology applied to the study and characterization of timing systems.. It could be used as an initial approach to this field, but it also provides updated information for those already familiar with the fascinating field of Chronobiology.
Download or read book Sleep Circadian Rhythms and Metabolism written by William Olds and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-08-04 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title includes a number of Open Access chapters.Providing a nuanced study of the connections between sleep, circadian rhythms, and metabolis, this informative book examines how circadian actions affect the liver and adipose tissue, the brain, and metabolism. This important book introduces the reader to circadian rhythms in the body and the ext
Download or read book Circadian Pharmacokinetics written by Baojian Wu and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-10-28 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book summarizes the recent advances for the understanding of circadian clock system in the regulation of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics. Basic knowledge in the field of circadian clock and pharmacokinetics are systemically introduced to make it easier for readers to understand the entire book's contents. The rhythmic expression of DMEs (drug-metabolizing enzymes) and transporters are summarized, and the underlying mechanisms thereof (i.e., regulation by circadian oscillators) are discussed. Typically, evidence for the DME- and transporter-mediated chronopharmacokinetics, chronotoxicity and chronoefficacy are highlighted in this book.
Download or read book The Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal Axis in Health and Disease written by Eliza B. Geer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-12-01 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cushing ́s syndrome is a rare disorder that is associated with many co-morbidities such as systemic hypertension, diabetes, osteoporosis, impaired immune function, and psychiatric disease, all of which severely reduce quality of life and life expectancy. This book reviews the role of cortisol in the human body, focusing on the effects of excess cortisol due to Cushing’s syndrome as well as the role of the HPA axis in metabolism, inflammation, and neuropsychiatric function. The volume will cover basic mechanistic data, clinical outcomes data, and novel therapies. Also discussed are everything from abnormalities of the HPA axis, to the role of the HPA axis in the development of neuropsychiatric disorders and metabolic disorders, to new definitions of Cushing’s remission and recurrence. The Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal Axis in Health and Disease will provide a comprehensive and multi-disciplinary review of the pathophysiology and outcomes of excess cortisol in the human body and brain as well as the role of the HPA axis in other disease states.
Download or read book The Genetic Basis of Sleep and Sleep Disorders written by Paul Shaw and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-10-24 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first comprehensive book on the subject, The Genetic Basis of Sleep and Sleep Disorders covers detailed reviews of the general principles of genetics and genetic techniques in the study of sleep and sleep disorders. The book contains sections on the genetics of circadian rhythms, of normal sleep and wake states and of sleep homeostasis. There are also sections discussing the role of genetics in the understanding of insomnias, hypersomnias including narcolepsy, parasomnias and sleep-related movement disorders. The final chapter highlights the use of gene therapy in sleep disorders. Written by genetic experts and sleep specialists from around the world, the book is up to date and geared specifically to the needs of both researchers and clinicians with an interest in sleep medicine. This book will be an invaluable resource for sleep specialists, neurologists, geneticists, psychiatrists and psychologists.
Download or read book Role of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in Circadian Rhythm A Novel Pathway to Dioxin Toxicity written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Cancer Clock written by Sotiris Missailidis and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-10-15 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Edited by the winner of the 2008 Mike Price Fellowship The Cancer Clock is a comprehensive overview of cancer as a single topic and provides an all-encompassing account of the key aspects related to the disease from its causes and initial diagnosis through to treatment and care and the different support mechanisms available. Carefully divided into three key parts, the first part of the book focuses on the genesis of the disease through environmental, lifestyle and socioeconomic factors. The second part moves on to consider early disease, disease development, diagnosis, monitoring and imaging of the disease. The book then discusses standard treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy along with current developments in the field such as targeted therapeutics, antibody therapies and novel chemotherapy agents. The book closes with a discussion of patient care, pain control, nursing in cancer patients and rehabilitation processes and a final chapter that looks at the psychological and psychosocial aspects of the disease, from coping with the knowledge of having cancer to coping with the side effects of the treatments, family support and dedicated support groups. Written in a clear, accessible manner this book is an ideal starting point for students of pharmacy, pharmacology, the biomedical sciences and other related disciplines where an understanding of cancer as a whole is required. takes an interdisciplinary approach covering the chemistry, epidemiology, basic biology and genetics, radiology, medical physics, medicine, nursing, health and social welfare all associated with cancer diagnosis, treatment and care explains the various causes of cancer and suggests actions for the prevention of the disease includes chapters on current diagnostic tests, drug development and the techniques used in drug design both chemical and biological considers current experimental therapeutic and diagnostic approaches and their potential for future therapeutic development examines aspects of cancer care, physiotherapy, rehabilitation and the psychological aspects of the disease includes self assessment questions/answers, summary sections and review questions and information boxes to enhance student understanding
Download or read book Circadian Rhythm Sleep Wake Disorders written by R. Robert Auger and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-05-26 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book resolves to bridge the communication gap between research and clinical practice for circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders. Beginning with a scientific background on biological timekeeping, opening chapters describe the crucial nature of maintaining delicate temporal organization of physiological and molecular events within the body. Following this are discussions on circadian physiology and methods of circadian assessments. Subsequent chapters then relay comprehensive information regarding the International Classification of Sleep Disorders-defined circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders (CRSWDs), specifically discussing etiology and epidemiology, but focusing on evidence-based treatment data. Concluding discussions provide guidance for the application of light therapy and discuss future roles for optimized lighting environments. Nuanced and market-demanded, Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders: An Evidence-Based Guide for Clinicians and Investigators is an invaluable resource for Sleep Medicine clinicians, circadian researchers, and other interested parties.
Download or read book Chronic Circadian Misalignment Disrupts the Circadian Clock and Promotes Metabolic Syndrome written by Cassie Jaeger and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes represent a major source of morbidity and mortality in the United States and worldwide. Chronic misalignment of an organism's internal circadian clock with diurnal, cyclic changes in the external environment, prevalent in professions that require shift work, contributes significantly to Type 2 Diabetes development. Experimentally, only short-term models of circadian disruption have been explored. Therefore, the goal of this study was to establish an animal model of chronic circadian disruption, which would more closely mimic the harmful misalignment associated with metabolic syndrome in clinical studies. Moreover, since high fat diet consumption alters circadian behavior and rhythmic gene expression, contributing to the diet-induced phenotype, I hypothesized that chronic circadian disruption interacts with a high fat diet to worsen metabolic syndrome. To investigate circadian misalignment and diet-induced metabolic syndrome, I examined the contribution of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR). AhR has similar PAS domain containing motifs as circadian clock proteins allowing for protein/protein interactions and crosstalk between AhR signaling and circadian rhythms. Furthermore, AhR activation is implicated in Type 2 Diabetes risk. To examine chronic circadian disruption, male wild-type (WT; C57Bl/6J) and AhR +/- mice were entrained to 12/12-hour light/dark cycles where lights were on from 10pm-10am and off from 10am-10pm. Misalignment was initiated by delaying the time of lights on by 8 hours on Monday. Mice were exposed to the misalignment schedule Monday-Friday then returned to the entrainment schedule Saturday and Sunday to mimic readjustment to society during the weekend. Circadian misaligned mice were exposed to the altered light schedule for 15 weeks and control animals remained on the12/12-hour light/dark cycle. Mice were fed a normal chow diet (10% fat) or a high fat diet (60% fat). Animals were sacrificed and samples were collected at 4-hour intervals on day 2 of the weekend. Exposure to chronic circadian misalignment by light disruption or high fat diet altered circadian rhythms of behavior, metabolic outputs, and expression of circadian clock, clock-controlled nuclear receptor, and lipid metabolism genes. A combination of light misalignment and high fat diet exacerbated the effects of either treatment alone further disrupting behavior, enhancing % body fat and fasting glucose, and dampening circadian clock gene expression. AhR +/- mice also were protected from the metabolic consequences of chronic misalignment and a high fat diet by resistance to altered behavioral and molecular circadian rhythms and disruption of metabolic outputs. With metabolic syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes occurrence on the rise, it is important to understand all contributing factors, including circadian disruption. Differences between chronic circadian misalignment and high fat diet-induced obesity in WT and AhR +/- mice furthers our understanding of the complex mechanisms that underlie Type 2 Diabetes development and advocates the discovery of potential therapeutic targets for the development of novel treatment options.
