Download or read book Regional Variation of the Minimum Wages in China written by Chunbing Xing and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper analyzes the regional variation of minimum wage in China. We first introduce the institutional background of China's minimum wage policy, and then describe the regional variation of the minimum wages using detailed minimum wage data since the late 1990s. Large regional variation exists in the period studied, and the regional variation has been declining since the late 1990s. Economic factors, including GDP, economic structure, consumption level, are the main determinants for the large regional variation in the minimum wages. There is weak evidence suggesting that the regional variation is influenced by political factors, such as competition of local officials.
Download or read book Minimum Wages in China written by Shi Li and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-05-25 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book considers the positive and negative impacts of the minimum wage policy in China. Since China enacted its first minimum wage law in 1994, the magnitude and frequency of changes in the minimum wage have been substantial, both over time and across jurisdictions. The results from China’s experience show that rapidly increasing minimum wages have helped increase average wages and reduce the gender wage gap, income inequality, and poverty. However, the fast-rising minimum wage has also resulted in the loss of employment for young adults, women, low-skilled workers, and migrant workers. Additionally, higher minimum wages have a negative impact on firm profitability and adverse effects on firm’s human capital investment. In summary, the Chinese minimum wage policy has shown both positive and negative impacts on the affected workers. Through unpacking these findings, the book highlights the importance of rigorous research to inform evidence-based policymaking and provides lessons for other transitional and developing economies.
Download or read book Minimum Wages and Firm Employment written by Yi Huang and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2014-10-16 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper provides the first systematic study of how minimum wage policies in China affect firm employment over the 2000-2007 periods. Using a novel dataset of minimum wage regulations across more than 2,800 counties matched with firm-level data, we investigate both the effect of the minimum wage and its policy enforcement tightening in 2004. A dynamic panel (difference GMM) estimator is combined with a “neighbor-pairs-approach” to control for unobservable heterogeneity common to “border counties” that are subject to different minimum wage changes. We show that minimum wage increases have a significant negative impact on employment, with an estimated elasticity of -0.1. Furthermore, we find a heterogeneous effect of the minimum wage on employment which depends on the firm's wage level. Specifically, the minimum wage has a greater negative impact on employment in low-wage firms than in high-wage firms. Our results are robust for different treatment groups, sample attrition correction, and placebo tests.
Download or read book Minimum Wages and Employment in China written by Tony Fang and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since China promulgated new minimum wage regulations in 2004, the magnitude and frequency of changes in the minimum wage have been substantial, both over time and across jurisdictions. This paper uses county-level minimum wage panel data and a longitudinal household survey from 16 representative provinces to estimate the employment effects of minimum wage changes in China over the period of 2004 to 2009. In contrast to the mixed results of previous studies using provincial-level data, we present evidence that minimum wage changes have significant adverse effects on employment in the Eastern and Central regions of China, and result in disemployment for females, young adults, and low-skilled workers.
Download or read book Trade and Minimum Wages in General Equilibrium written by Xue Bai and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Do minimum wages affect economic outcomes beyond low-skill employment? This paper develops a new model with heterogeneous firms under perfect competition in a Heckscher-Ohlin setting to show that a binding minimum wage raises product prices, encourages substitution away from labor, and creates unemployment. It reduces output and exports of the labor intensive good, despite higher prices and, less obviously, selection in the labor (capital) intensive sector becomes stricter (weaker). Exploiting rich regional variation in minimum wages across Chinese prefectures and using Chinese Customs data matched with firm level production data, we find robust evidence in support of causal effects of minimum wage consistent with our theoretical predictions.
Download or read book Regional Variation in Earnings Inequality in Reform era Urban China written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PDF version of a paper originally published in the American Journal of Sociology (101:4) in 1996. Analyzes the earnings inequality in urban China and concludes that it "remains low and only slightly correlated with economic growth." Includes bibliographical references. Chinese version available at http://gseweb.harvard.edu/%7Ehannumem/personal/AJS%5FChinese.pdf.
Download or read book Changing Trends in China s Inequality written by Terry Sicular and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2020 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This work provides a new, comprehensive, and empirically grounded study of household incomes in China that critically examines the long-term rise and recent apparent decline in inequality. It covers incomes and inequality nationwide as well as separately in the urban and rural sectors, with close attention to measurement issues and to underlying changes in the economy, institutions, and public policy. The chapters examine a range of related topics, including the inequality of wealth, the emergence of a new middle class, the income gap between the Han and the ethnic minorities, the gender wage gap, and the impacts of government policies, such as social welfare programs and the minimum wage. A distinguishing feature of the book is its use of data from the China Household Income Project (CHIP), a collaborative, international research project that has organized nationwide household surveys spanning 1988, 1995, 2002, 2007, and, most recently, 2013. The CHIP data make possible to provide a consistent picture of the evolution of China's income and inequality from the late 1980s to the beginning of the Xi Jinping era. Analyses of the 2013 CHIP data, with comparisons to findings from past rounds of the survey, reveal new trends in China's inequality"--
Download or read book Firm Response to Competitive Shocks written by Harald Hau and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The large regional variation of minimum wage changes in 2002-08 implies that Chinese manufacturing firms experienced competitive shocks as a function of firm location and their low-wage employment share. We find that minimum wage hikes accelerate the input substitution from labor to capital in low-wage firms, reduce employment growth, but also accelerate total factor productivity growth -- particularly among the less productive firms under private Chinese or foreign ownership, but not among state-owned enterprises. The heterogeneous firm response to labor cost shocks can be explained by differences in governance or management practice, but is difficult to reconcile with the idea that competitive pressure is a substitute for governance quality.
Download or read book China s Economic Development written by Lee Pei May and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-06-21 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Through a rigorous examination of “China’s rise”, Lee addresses an important question—Did China catch up? Or more specifically, can growth be automatically translated to catching up with the advanced industrialised countries or has it only allowed limited progress (if any) to be made? To answer these queries and the broader question of the possibility of the Global South converging with the Global North, four development theories are utilised, with competing explanations, to uncover the complexity and multifaceted development of China. This includes whether China really has a unique developmental model to offer. Positioning China within the global economy, this book traces its developmental progress over time as well as its progress relative to other countries. To understand whether the Chinese political economy is socialist (or not), Lee moves away from the orthodox definition of socialism and instead examines the official narrative of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics. Lastly, this book argues that though China is catching up, challenges that could potentially block China’s progress for a full catch‐up are to be anticipated. A useful resource for students and scholars in the fields of international relations, international political economy, Chinese studies, and development studies.
Download or read book The Fundamentals of Minimum Wage Fixing written by François Eyraud and published by International Labour Organization. This book was released on 2005 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This manual draws on the ILO's comprehensive database containing the principal legal provisions and minimum wage fixing mechanisms in 100 countries. The minimum wage has had a long and turbulent history, and this study sheds light on its intricacies by providing a thorough overview of the institutions and practices in different countries. It outlines the main topics for debate concerning the effects of minimum wages on major social and economic variables such as employment, wage inequality, and poverty. The book considers the various procedures countries use for implementation, including the criteria employed to fix the minimum wage, and how they are linked to specific country objectives. It then measures the efficiency of the minimum wage, and focuses on its impact on employment as a major political issue. For the benefit of non-specialists, the validity of econometric models and their results are examined.
Download or read book Wages in China written by Jun Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A major determinant of the primary distribution of national income, wages will have tremendous impacts on both social equity and economic efficiency in China. Wages in China: An Economic Analysis presents the latest research results on the transformation of China's wages formation mechanism since the adoption of the Reform and Opening Up policy. This 3-volume series looks at the impact from the institutional evolution of the wage system, social networks, and geographical factors on the determination of wages. After reviewing the history of China's wage policies and systematic transformation, the author examines the collective negotiation system as an example of institutional changes to explore the impacts on employees' wages, and does an empirical study on the shrinkage in labor's share of national income by using industrial and provincial data. Based on the discussion of local policy-making decisions under fiscal federalism in China, the author also analyzes the regional wage differences with economic geographical and regional policy variances. The perspective of inter-industrial wage spillover is also followed to explain the wage differences and convergence paradox.
Download or read book Inequality in the Developing World written by Carlos Gradín and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inequality has emerged as a key development challenge. It holds implications for economic growth and redistribution and translates into power asymmetries that can endanger human rights, create conflict, and embed social exclusion and chronic poverty. For these reasons, it underpins intense public and academic debates and has become a dominant policy concern within many countries and in all multilateral agencies. It is at the core of the 17 goals of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. This book contributes to this important discussion by presenting assessments of the measurement and analysis of global inequality by leading inequality scholars, aligning these to comprehensive reviews of inequality trends in five of the world's largest developing countries - Brazil, China, India, Mexico, and South Africa.
Download or read book OECD Economic Surveys China 2017 written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2017-03-21 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 2017 OECD Economic Survey of China examines recent economic developments, policies and prospects. The special chapters cover boosting firm performance and entrepreneurship; enhancing inclusiveness.
Download or read book Does Wage Affect Unemployment in Urban Areas in China written by Cheng, Xi and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study examines the impact of wages on unemployment rates in urban areas in all the provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions in China (except Tibet, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao) from 1999 to 2004. The study uses one-way fixed effect regression to determine whether much of the variation in unemployment across region was related to inter-regional wage differences or wage differences across years. It finds that differences across years have little effect on unemployment, and that inter-regional differences explain much of the variation in unemployment across regions. Separate linear regressions run for different areas divided by GRP levels indicate a positive and significant impact of wages on unemployment rates in middle-income area, but insignificant results in both the richest and the poorest areas. The results suggest the importance of promoting higher education in mid-income areas. In addition, this study finds that the migration from rural areas does not create much pressure on urban labor markets. Also, the regression results indicate that at both national and regional levels, neither the increase of labor exchanges nor the increase of the vocational training schools has a significant effect reducing unemployment rates. Taken together, the study results support the importance of labor mobility in reducing unemployment in urban areas. They suggest that Chinese policy makers should encourage labor mobility by reducing intervention in the urban job markets, preventing minimum wage policies, and encouraging workforce migration into less developed areas.
Download or read book Determining Minimum Wages in China Do Economic Factors Dominate written by Christian Dreger and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Global Wage Report 2020 21 written by INTERNATIONAL LABOUR OFFICE. and published by . This book was released on 2020-12-02 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This ILO flagship report examines the evolution of real wages around the world, giving a unique picture of wage trends globally and by region. The 2020-21 edition analyses the relationship of minimum wages and inequality, as well as the wage impacts of the COVID-19 crisis. The 2020-21 edition also reviews minimum wage systems across the world and identifies the conditions under which minimum wages can reduce inequality. The report presents comprehensive data on levels of minimum wages, their effectiveness, and the number and characteristics of workers paid at or below the minimum. The report highlights how adequate minimum wages, statutory or negotiated, can play a key role in a human-centred recovery from the crisis
Download or read book Myth and Measurement written by David Card and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2015-12-22 with total page 455 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From David Card, winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics, and Alan Krueger, a provocative challenge to conventional wisdom about the minimum wage David Card and Alan B. Krueger have already made national news with their pathbreaking research on the minimum wage. Here they present a powerful new challenge to the conventional view that higher minimum wages reduce jobs for low-wage workers. In a work that has important implications for public policy as well as for the direction of economic research, the authors put standard economic theory to the test, using data from a series of recent episodes, including the 1992 increase in New Jersey's minimum wage, the 1988 rise in California's minimum wage, and the 1990–91 increases in the federal minimum wage. In each case they present a battery of evidence showing that increases in the minimum wage lead to increases in pay, but no loss in jobs. A distinctive feature of Card and Krueger's research is the use of empirical methods borrowed from the natural sciences, including comparisons between the "treatment" and "control" groups formed when the minimum wage rises for some workers but not for others. In addition, the authors critically reexamine the previous literature on the minimum wage and find that it, too, lacks support for the claim that a higher minimum wage cuts jobs. Finally, the effects of the minimum wage on family earnings, poverty outcomes, and the stock market valuation of low-wage employers are documented. Overall, this book calls into question the standard model of the labor market that has dominated economists' thinking on the minimum wage. In addition, it will shift the terms of the debate on the minimum wage in Washington and in state legislatures throughout the country. With a new preface discussing new data, Myth and Measurement continues to shift the terms of the debate on the minimum wage.
