Download or read book Regional landscape of national public health institutions in Africa and their role scope and capacity in supporting health systems resilience written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2022-12-13 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Health Systems Recovery in the Context of COVID 19 and Protracted Conflict written by Zsuzsanna Jakab and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-07-10 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused unprecedented disruption worldwide highlighting once again the interdependency of health and socioeconomic development, and the global lack of health systems resilience. Two years into the pandemic, most countries report sustained disruptions across service delivery platforms and health areas with a profound impact on health outcomes. The impact of these disruptions is magnified within marginalized communities and in countries experiencing protracted conflict. There is an urgent need to focus on recovery through investment in the essential public health functions (EPHFs) and the foundations of health systems with a focus on primary health care, and whole-of-government and -society engagement. The aim of this Research Topic is to gather, transfer and promote operationalization of key experiences from COVID-19 to inform global and country level recovery that better promote health; guide policy direction towards building health systems resilience; and thereby ensure economic and social prosperity. Experience with COVID-19 has demonstrated that traditional approaches to health system strengthening have failed to achieve the complementary goals of Universal Health Coverage (UHC) and health security with the divide between the most vulnerable and well-off only widening. Much of what had been learned from previous experiences such as Ebola in West Africa has not been widely applied. This has left health and economic systems vulnerable to 21 st century public health challenges, ranging from conflict and natural disasters to aging demographics and rising rates of non-communicable and communicable diseases and antimicrobial resistance. These challenges require intentional focus and investment as well as whole-of-government and -society engagement with health to build health system resilience. Greater action is needed to prevent the devastating effects of war and conflict on the health of the most vulnerable. This Research Topic will convene the knowledge and practices of leaders in public health, health systems, and humanitarian and development sectors. This is to ensure lessons from COVID-19 inform the recovery agenda and promote sustainable health and socioeconomic recovery for all. Lest we forget and find ourselves again unprepared and vulnerable in the face of an even greater threat.
Download or read book A review of joint external evaluations and national action plans for health security in 13 countries from a health systems perspective written by and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2021-08-31 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Public health emergencies continually reinforce the need for an integrated approach to health systems strengthening, underpinned by a public health approach, helping to build health systems resilience. As part of a collaboration between the USAID Office of the Health Systems and the WHO Integrated Health Services Department, a strategic meeting was convened on 14 April 2021. This had wide-ranging representation which included WHO Deputy Director-General, Executive leadership from USAID, IANPHI and WFPHA. The overarching aim was to examine this topic together and identify actionable steps to build an integrated approach to health system strengthening that brings together health security, humanitarian, disease-specific and life-course-specific programmes. The specific objectives of the meeting were to: facilitate strategic discussions on prevailing practices in health systems resilience for health protection and high-quality health services, to determine actionable next steps for global guidance; inform policy options for WHO, USAID and partners to maximize joint country support for health systems resilience; and identify immediate priorities for next steps following the meeting. To inform and support the proceedings of this meeting, complementary desk reviews were conducted to synthesise evidence, and inform the discussions and way forward. Together, this package consists of (i) a technical meeting report and (ii) two complementary desk reviews. The package was co-developed with and has received concurrence from the USAID Office of the Health Systems.
Download or read book National workforce capacity to implement the essential public health functions including a focus on emergency preparedness and response written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2022-05-18 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This roadmap is a statement of a collective vision to develop a shared understanding on the definition, classification and scope of work of the workforce which delivers the EPHFs, and the subsequent collaborative activities to build capacity of this workforce through competency-based education. The roadmap is developed with, and for, countries including key stakeholders such as associations of national public health institutes and schools of public health and proposes a differentiated and progressive approach for countries acknowledging varying capacities and contexts. Across the action areas, this will aid countries to benchmark themselves and assess their current situation; facilitate provision of guidance and tools; and support progress to full implementation towards a strengthened public health workforce delivering all EPHFs for UHC, health security and improved health and wellbeing. TARGET AUDIENCE: Policy-makers, health workers and key stakeholders within and outside the health sector involved in public health and emergency preparedness and response.
Download or read book Defining essential public health functions and services to strengthen national workforce capacity written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2024-05-26 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this document is to support countries in contextualizing and implementing action area 1 of the roadmap and action plan to strengthen the public health workforce, which includes the emergency workforce. Action area 1 focuses on operationalizing the essential public health functions (EPHFs). Countries can use this document to identify their priorities relating to the EPHFs, subfunctions and public health services in the post-COVID-19 era and to understand and strengthen public health capacities and stewardship. A strategic review of the EPHFs can inform broader public health strengthening or reform. This document also includes an annex summarizing the findings of a survey on mapping EPHF-related health workforce strengthening activities within WHO and by key partners, which informed the work. This document summarizes the technical details and approaches presented in the publication Application of the essential public health functions: an integrated and comprehensive approach to public health, which was co-developed by WHO’s Health System Resilience and Essential Public Health Functions Team, Special Programme on Primary Health Care, and the International Association of National Public Health Institutes.
Download or read book HEALTH SERVICES IN AFRICA written by Chinua Akukwe and published by Adonis & Abbey Publishers Ltd. This book was released on 2008-04-25 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The challenges to better health services in Africa are well known: Africa lags behind all regions of the world, including other developing regions, on all indicators of better health. A recent report from the World Health Organisation for instance shows that while Africa has 20% of the world's sick people, it has only 4% of its healthcare workers - many of them vulnerable to the high mortality rate associated with malaria and notably the AIDS epidemic. The state of investment in healthcare infrastructure is also grossly inadequate as is the efficiency of healthcare delivery. But does this need to be so? What factors are responsible for this unacceptable state of affairs? Contributors to the volume examine the evolution of healthcare services in Africa, the ongoing national, regional and continental efforts to improve the delivery of healthcare in the continent, and the direct and indirect obstacles militating against the maturation of the services and their efficient delivery. The contributors - all distinguished experts in the field, who hold either challenging responsibilities in health in Africa or have worked in multiple components of the healthcare delivery system in the continent - also provide powerful personal insights and lessons learned in their current or previous work in the health sector in Africa. Some of the themes covered include clinical care and centers of excellence, healthcare finance and resource mobilization, primary health care systems and community health; preventive care and risk reduction in health; the role of reference laboratories; clinical research and partnerships, the role of epidemiology, statistics, monitoring and evaluation in health services; the role of the African Diaspora, and the role of politics in the organization of healthcare and the training of medical and other health professionals. From their analyses and experience the authors articulate proven strategies and solutions based on consensus expert opinions on how to improve the quality of health services and health outcomes in the continent.
Download or read book Fostering resilience through integrated health system strengthening written by and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2021-08-31 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Public health emergencies continually reinforce the need for an integrated approach to health systems strengthening, underpinned by a public health approach, helping to build health systems resilience. As part of a collaboration between the USAID Office of the Health Systems and the WHO Integrated Health Services Department, a strategic meeting was convened on 14 April 2021. This had wide-ranging representation which included WHO Deputy Director-General, Executive leadership from USAID, IANPHI and WFPHA. The overarching aim was to examine this topic together and identify actionable steps to build an integrated approach to health system strengthening that brings together health security, humanitarian, disease-specific and life-course-specific programmes. The specific objectives of the meeting were to: facilitate strategic discussions on prevailing practices in health systems resilience for health protection and high-quality health services, to determine actionable next steps for global guidance; inform policy options for WHO, USAID and partners to maximize joint country support for health systems resilience; and identify immediate priorities for next steps following the meeting. To inform and support the proceedings of this meeting, complementary desk reviews were conducted to synthesise evidence, and inform the discussions and way forward. Together, this package consists of (i) a technical meeting report and (ii) two complementary desk reviews. The package was co-developed with and has received concurrence from the USAID Office of the Health Systems.
Download or read book The Health of the People The African Regional Health Report written by World Health Organization. Regional Office for Africa and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2006-11-20 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication is the first to focus on the health of the 738 million people living in the 46 countries of the WHO African Region. Drawing on a comprehensive range of the latest regional health statistics, the report discusses the key public health and development challenges facing the continent, as well looking in more detail at the issues of maternal and child health; infectious diseases including HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria; health problems that are usually associated with developed countries, such as diabetes and hypertension, and other noncommunicable conditions such as mental illness and injuries; and the environmental causes of ill-health including pollution and armed conflict. The report explores the treatment, diagnostic and preventive methods that work in Africa and highlights the public health success stories that can serve as models for others in the continent. It finds that stronger health systems are the key to solving Africa's health problems and these can only achieved by strengthening governments' stewardship role in health, building on the lessons learnt from successful health-care interventions, and through closer collaboration between all partners.
Download or read book Supporting Local Health Care in a Chronic Crisis written by Program on Forced Migration and Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2005-11-23 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing medical support to the local population during a chronic crisis is difficult. The crisis in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), which is characterized by high excess mortality, ongoing armed violence, mass forced displacement, interference by neighboring countries, resource exploitation, asset stripping, and the virtual absence of the state, has led to great poverty and a dearth of funds for the support of the health system. International nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) have stepped in to address the dire humanitarian situation. This study looks at four organizations that support local health care in the eastern DRC: the International Rescue Committee (IRC), Malteser, Medical Emergency Relief International (Merlin), and the Association Régionale d'Approvisionnement en Médicaments Essentiels (ASRAMES). The study makes a comparison of the management and financing approaches of these four organizations by collecting and comparing qualitative and quantitative data on their interaction with the (remaining) local health providers and the local population. Specific objectives of the study are: 1. To identify which management and financing approaches, including the setting of fees, are used by the four NGOs supporting healthcare in the eastern DRC. 2. To determine how these financing approaches affect utilization rates in the health zones supported by the four NGOs. 3. To assess how these utilization rates compare with donor and humanitarian standards. 4. To determine at what level fees must be set to allow for cost recovery or cost sharing in health facilities. 5. To identify the managerial problems confronting the four NGOs. Many epidemiological and public health studies focus on the interaction between health providers and target groups. Supporting Local Health Care in a Chronic Crisis: Management and Financing Approaches in the Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo concentrates more on how the relationship between the supporting NGOs and the local health system actually develops. In addition, a common aspect of many of the epidemiological and public health studies is the search for an optimal, or at least appropriate, management and financing approach.
Download or read book World Migration Report 2020 written by United Nations and published by United Nations. This book was released on 2019-11-27 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since 2000, IOM has been producing world migration reports. The World Migration Report 2020, the tenth in the world migration report series, has been produced to contribute to increased understanding of migration throughout the world. This new edition presents key data and information on migration as well as thematic chapters on highly topical migration issues, and is structured to focus on two key contributions for readers: Part I: key information on migration and migrants (including migration-related statistics); and Part II: balanced, evidence-based analysis of complex and emerging migration issues.
Download or read book Governing Health Systems in Africa written by Martyn Sama and published by African Books Collective. This book was released on 2008 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing on various disciplinary perspectives, this book re-focuses the debate on what makes a good health system, with a view to clarifying the uses of social science research in thinking about health care issues in Africa. The explosion of the HIV/AIDS pandemic, the persistence of malaria as a major killer, and the resurgence of diseases like tuberculosis which were previously under control, have brought about changes in the health system, with implications for its governance, especially in view of the diminished capacity of the public health facilities to cope with a complex range of expanded needs. Government responsibilities and objectives in the health sector have been redefined, with private sector entities (both for profit and not-for profit) playing an increasingly visible role in health care provisions. The reasons for collaborative patterns vary, but chronic under-funding of publicly financed health services is often an important factor. Processes of decentralisation and health sector reforms have had mixed effects on health care system performance; while private health insurance markets and private clinics are pointers to a growing stratification of the health market, in line with the intensified income and social differentiation that has occurred over the last two decades.These developments call for health sector reforms.
Download or read book An Integrated Concept of the Public Health Services in the African Region written by and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book National workforce capacity for essential public health functions written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2024-05-28 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document is the first in a series of four technical tools in three interconnected action areas, which aim to guide the implementation in countries for strengthening the national public health workforce to deliver essential public health functions. This handbook provides an overview; the other tools in the series focus on: defining the essential public health functions and services (action area 1); competency-based education (action area 2); and mapping and measurement of occupations (action area 3).
Download or read book Historical Perspectives on the State of Health and Health Systems in Africa Volume II written by Mario J. Azevedo and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-01-24 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on Africa’s challenges, achievements, and failures over the past several centuries using an interdisciplinary approach that combines theory and fact and evidence-based practices and interventions in public health, and argues that most of the health problems in Africa are not a result of scarce or lack of resources, but of the misconceived and misplaced priorities that have left the continent behind every other on the globe in terms of health, education, and equitable distribution of opportunities and access to (quality) health as agreed by the United Nations member states at Alma-Ata in 1978.
Download or read book Efficiency of Health System Units in Africa written by Kirigia, Joses Muthuri and published by University of Nairobi Press. This book was released on 2015-03-16 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite sending huge sums of money on health every year the African region's burden of disease is persistently high. Most of the countries in the region are lagging behind in achieving the health-related United Nations Millennium Development Goals. The African region's dismal health situation has largely been blamed on weakness pertaining to such factors as health leadership and governance; service delivery; health workforce; medicines, vaccines, and health technologies; health information; and health system financing that have undermined the capacity of health systems of countries in the region to improve population health without wastage of resources. Institutionalising health system efficiency monitoring, as a basis for the design and implementation of appropriate policy interventions, has been proposed as an effective way of curbing wastage of health system inputs. Efficiency of Health System Units in Africa: A Data Envelopment Analysis is the first book of its kind on application of the data envelopment analysis technique to examine the efficiency of health system decision-making units in Africa. The book interlaces lecture notes with research articles and case studies to equip students and practitioners of economics, operations research, management science, and public health with knowledge and skills for undertaking technical efficiency, cost efficiency, and total factor productivity analyses.
Download or read book Health System Performance Assessment in the WHO European Region written by Centers of Disease Control and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2018-04-24 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Health systems performance assessment (HSPA) varies across the WHO European Region. This review summarizes HSPA domains and indicators used by Member States in their HSPA or health system-related reports. Thirty Member States published in the English language and from their latest documents, 1485 distinct indicators were extracted. The number of indicators reported per Member State ranged from 9 to 146, with a mean of 50. Among the 14 domains of the WHO 2007 framework, service delivery and improved health were covered by virtually all Member States analysed (30 and 29, respectively), but coverage varied for the other 12 domains, with health workforce and financing having good coverage (25 and 26, respectively) but others, such as safety, efficiency, coverage or responsiveness, covered in only 20-30% of documents. Further refinement of frameworks, both in clarity on scope and function and in the conceptual robustness of domains, is warranted and further standardization of generic sets of indicators should be sought.
Download or read book Building and Evaluating Research Capacity in Healthcare Systems written by Nancy Edwards and published by Juta and Company (Pty) Ltd. This book was released on 2016-07-20 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past decade, there have been many international calls to strengthen and support/sustain research capacity in lower- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This capacity is considered an essential foundation for cost-effective healthcare systems. While there have been long-standing investments by many countries and research funding organisations in the training of individuals for this purpose, in many LMICs research capacity remains fragmented, uneven and fragile. There is growing recognition that a more systems-oriented approach to research capacity-building is required. Nonetheless, there are considerable gaps in the evidence for approaches to capacity-building that are effective and sustainable. This book addresses these gaps, capturing what was learned from teams working on The Global Health Research Initiative. This book brings together the experiences of research capacity-building teams co-led by Canadians and LMIC researchers in several regions of the world, including China, Chile, Jamaica, Kenya, Mexico, Nigeria, South Africa and Uganda.
