Download or read book Intellectual Property Rights Trade and Biodiversity written by Graham Dutfield and published by Earthscan. This book was released on 2000 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text examines the international agreements governing trade in genetic resources - crucial resources for world agriculture, food security and large industries such as pharmaceuticals. Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) in these resources are critical for those involved in the trade, including industry and developing countries. The book analyzes the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), World Trade Organization agreements and other agreements. It explains how they can be integrated into an equitable training regime.
Download or read book People Plants and Patents written by Crucible Group and published by IDRC. This book was released on 1994 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: People, Plants and Patents: The impact of intellectual property on biodiversity, conservation, trade and rural society
Download or read book Regime of intellectual property protection for biodiversity written by Biswajit Dhar and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Intellectual Property Biogenetic Resources and Traditional Knowledge written by Graham Dutfield and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2010-09-23 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biogenetic resources - the critical biological and chemical materials that underpin so much of medicine, both modern and traditional, agriculture, and wider economic activity in so many fields - are at the centre of heated debate regarding their use, development, and ownership, and the issues of ethics and equity that impinge on all of these factors. This book is a comprehensive examination of the key issues, institutions and ideologies in this area, presenting definitions and explanations of the fundamentals of intellectual property rights (IPRs), biogenetic resources and traditional knowledge. It uses the insights from this to build a picture of how these factors interact in practice, bringing to the surface issues such as: the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, benefit sharing from the commercial use of biodiversity, biotechnological innovation and the transfer of technology, agriculture, food security, rural development, health and international justice. Part 1 describes the relevant international IPR laws, highlights the extent to which modern commerce depends on such resources, and traces the way in which modern IPR law has evolved to accommodate this dependence. Part 2 shows how stronger IPR protection in the area of life science innovation has given rise to controversies such as 'biopiracy', 'terminator' genes and genetic uniformity. Part 3 focuses on traditional knowledge, its nature, its importance, and the applicability of IPR-style protection. Part 4 covers the international negotiation and policy-making of the WTO, WIPO and CBD and the legislative initiatives of national governments of Asia, Africa and Latin America. Finally, Part 5 focuses on two developing country case studies - of India and Kenya - assessing whether they will be able to gain economic benefit from development of their natural resources within the current regulatory system and whether this will encourage the conservation and sustainable use of the resource base. With its multidisciplinary approach and breadth of coverage, this book will appeal both to those new to the subject and to those with professional and specialist interest, including students, academics, legal practitioners, government policy-makers and the private sector.
Download or read book The Protection of Biodiversity and Traditional Knowledge in International Law of Intellectual Property written by Jonathan Curci and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analyses the methods of protection of biodiversity and related traditional knowledge in the international and comparative national intellectual property systems.
Download or read book Regime of Intellectual Property Protection for Biodiversity written by Biswajit Dhar and published by Non-Aligned and Other Developing Countries. This book was released on 2001 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With special reference to India.
Download or read book Biodiversity and the Law written by Charles R. McManis and published by Earthscan. This book was released on 2012 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How do we promote global economic development, while simultaneously preserving local biological and cultural diversity? This authoritative volume, written by leading legal experts and biological and social scientists from around the world, addresses this question in all of its complexity. The first part of the book focuses on biodiversity and examines what we are losing, why and what is to be done. The second part addresses biotechnology and looks at whether it is part of the solution or part of the problem, or perhaps both. The third section examines traditional knowledge, explains what it is and how, if at all, it should be protected. The fourth and final part looks at ethnobotany and bioprospecting and offers practical lessons from the vast and diverse experiences of the contributors.
Download or read book Intellectual Property Protection and Sustainable Development written by Philippe Cullet and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Intellectual Property Biodiversity and Sustainable Development written by Kok Peng Khor and published by Zed Books. This book was released on 2002-12 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intellectual property rights are a major source of controversy. Corporations are now patenting human genes, plants and other biological materials, many of which exist in nature or have been used for generations by farmers and indigenous peoples. Martin Khor examines the biopiracy phenomenon, its links to the TRIPS Agreement, and its various effects.
Download or read book The Property Regime of Biodiversity and Traditional Knowledge written by Nicolas Brahy and published by Larcier. This book was released on 2008-02-19 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How can we simultaneously conserve biodiversity and use its components (genetic resources) to create new medicines and better seeds ? Signed in 1992, at the Eearth Summit in Rrio, the Convention on Biological Diversity answers this question by resorting to intellectual property rights on living material with the objective to create a market for genetic resources. Fifteen years later, we cannot but observe that biodiversity keeps eroding and that the proliferation of intellectual property rights hinders research and innovation on new medicines and seeds. Combining legal, economical and historical approaches, this book explains in simple terms how the Biodiversity Convention came into existence, and how the providing countries and bio-industries (pharmaceutical and seeds industry) are striving to implement it, and why the Convention and its project of a market for genetic resources do not work properly. The book, then, examines new orientations and suggests avenues for solutions. What makes this book different ? It puts the Convention on Biological Diversity back in the wider context of the organization of both innovation and conservation of nature. This approach highlights what is really at stake: • Financing innovation and conservation: what should be the distribution of tasks between the market and public funding ? • Coordinating the agents of conservation and innovation (providing countries, local communities, universities, firms, etc): what should be the distribution of tasks between the market and regulation ?
Download or read book Intellectual Property Rights Trade and Biodiversity written by Graham Dutfield and published by Turtleback. This book was released on 2002-02-01 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides the first full-scale account of how to integrate the requirements of the Convention on Biological Diersity into the global IPR regime.
Download or read book Intellectual Property Community Rights and Human Rights written by Marcelin Tonye Mahop and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2010-06-10 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book considers the issue of biodiversity in developing countries in relation to intellectual-property rights, community rights and human rights. Drawing together a number of case studies of developing countries rich in biological and genetic resources including India, South Africa and Brazil, the book examines the access to PGRs and their utilizations in the contexts of scientific and commercial oriented activities pursued both in the source and user countries. Exploring how community rights are protected in national biodiversity-related regulations and some international legal instruments, Marcelin Tonye Mahop also discusses the relationship between community rights and human rights in the context of biodiversity. The book looks at the issue of bio-piracy, asking whether this phenomenon should only be seen as a North–South clash, whereby biodiversity rich countries of the Southern Hemisphere blame developed countries and their actors as its principal perpetrators. While recognizing that developing countries' actors play a role in this bio-piracy phenomenon, the book goes on to suggest alternative measures for the legal protection of community rights at the national level with the possibility of national and international enforceability. Essential reading for students and scholars of intellectual-property rights, biodiversity regulations and human rights, this book will also be of great value to researchers and members of professional organizations working in these subject areas. National and regional negotiators in the international processes dealing with the issues covered in the book will find it a useful tool that can help them to understand various facets of these processes.
Download or read book Intellectual Property Rights and the Life Science Industries written by Graham Dutfield and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-03-02 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyses the history of the international patent regime and the life science industries, both of which can be traced back to the late 19th century. The development of patent law is inextricably linked to expanding capacities to elucidate, manipulate and commercially exploit the molecular properties of micro-organisms, plants, animals and other organic raw materials. The story of the life science industries begins with the European synthetic dyestuff firms and culminates in present-day conglomerates like Aventis, Novartis and Pharmacia. Throughout the last century, chemical, pharmaceutical, seed and biotechnology firms were actively involved in reforming patent law and plant variety rights. The major beneficiaries have been the largest firms whose market dominance and influence over peoples' lives - aided by friendly intellectual property laws - has never been greater. This sparkling and stimulating book reveals the key repercussions caused by the expansion of life science industries for issues of international equity, public health, food security and biological diversity.
Download or read book Genetic Resources Equity and International Law written by Camena Guneratne and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2012-01-01 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ÔThis book provides a clear analysis of the multi-level impacts of the existing international law regime related to genetic resources on developing countries. It does so through a cogent exposition of the different areas of the law pertaining to genetic resources that are relevant and impact on people's rights and livelihoods. Its focus on equity is a welcome addition to the literature.Õ Ð Philippe Cullet, University of London, UK ÔCamena GuneratneÕs thought-provoking book critically evaluates the clash between the private property approach to genetic resources embedded in international intellectual property conventions, and the competing values embedded in a variety of other conventions and laws. She contests key assumptions behind intellectual property regimes supporting genetic commerce, distinguishing the genetic ÒcommonsÓ from other types of resource. This book provides a comprehensive scholarly dealing with the topics noted in its title, but also should increase debate about policy failures in responding to the risks to the underprivileged of the instruments we use to pursue our economic interests of the majority.Õ Ð Paul Martin, University of New England, Australia ÔThis is a wonderful book. All too often in the quest to preserve biodiversity, we forget that the equation of equity has to be at the forefront of the debates on sustainable development. Dr Guneratne rectifies this mistake. In doing so, she shows us that in many of the most importance instances, we are not only losing large parts of the natural basis on which humanity depends, but also the ability to control the political and legal processes of which many of the world's poorest people depend. This linkage between biodiversity, politics and international law is of such a high calibre, that it is likely that this work will become a key text for students and scholars alike.Õ Ð Alexander Gillespie, University of Waikato, New Zealand This book examines current developments in international law which regulate the uses of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture, and the various property regimes which are applied to these resources by these international agreements. In the current context of the global food crisis, the development and stability of national agricultural systems is an urgent concern, particularly among developing countries. This stability, and national food security, will potentially be threatened if these countries are unable to have free access to agricultural crop plants. This book analyses a range of international agreements including the recently adopted Nagoya Protocol and demonstrates that in their current implementation they favour private ownership of these resources rather than free access. The book takes the position that this is inherently inequitable and these resources should be maintained in the public domain. This book will be of use to a wide range of readers from students and scholars to those working in the fields of trade and intellectual property, human rights, environmental conservation and advocacy on international issues. It contains a rigorous legal analysis of current international law development on the issue based on the negotiations which have taken place in the relevant forums, and will therefore be particularly useful to lawyers and legal scholars. It is also written in an uncomplicated style which makes it readily accessible to non-lawyers and the case studies and empirical data used throughout the book adds to its interest.
Download or read book Intellectual Property Rights written by and published by World Conservation Union. This book was released on 1999 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This pamphlet analyses how the aims of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), and its provision for intellectual property rights (IPRs), interact with international trade rules, particularly in the issues of seeds and plant varieties.
Download or read book Biodiversity Genetic Resources and Intellectual Property written by Kamalesh Adhikari and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-03-09 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Debates about Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) have moved on in recent years. An initial focus on the legal obligations established by international agreements like the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity and the form of obligations for collecting physical biological materials have now moved to a far more complex series of disputes and challenges about the ways ABS should be implemented and enforced: repatriation of resources, technology transfer, traditional knowledge and cultural expressions; open access to information and knowledge, naming conventions, farmers’ rights, new schemes for accessing pandemic viruses and sharing DNA sequences, and so on. Unfortunately, most of this debate is now crystallised into apparently intractable discussions such as implementing the certificates of origin, recognising traditional knowledge and traditional cultural expression as a form of intellectual property, and sovereignty for Indigenous peoples. Not everything in this new marketplace of ABS has been created de novo. Like most new entrants, ABS has disrupted existing legal and governance arrangements. This collection of chapters examines what is new, what has been changed, and what might be changed in response to the growing acceptance and prevalence of ABS of genetic resources. Biodiversity, Genetic Resources and Intellectual Property: Developments in Access and Benefit Sharing of Genetic Resources addresses current issues arising from recent developments in the enduring and topical debates about managing genetic resources through the ABS regime. The book explores key historical, doctrinal, and theoretical issues in the field, at the same time developing new ideas and perspectives around ABS. It shows the latest state of knowledge and will be of interest to researchers, academics, policymakers, and students in the fields of intellectual property, governance, biodiversity and conservation, sustainable development, and agriculture.
Download or read book Intellectual Property Biotechnology and Trade written by Rohini Acharya and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
